129 research outputs found
Replacing iron-folic acid with multiple micronutrient supplements among pregnant women in Bangladesh and Burkina Faso: costs, impacts, and cost-effectiveness.
Consumption of multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS) during pregnancy offers additional benefits compared with iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation, but the tablets are more expensive. We estimated the effects, costs, and cost-effectiveness of hypothetically replacing IFA supplements with MMS for 1 year in Bangladesh and Burkina Faso. Using baseline demographic characteristics from LiST and effect sizes from a meta-analysis, we estimated the marginal effects of replacing IFA with MMS on mortality, adverse birth outcomes, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted. We calculated the marginal tablet costs of completely replacing MMS with IFA (assuming 180 tablets per covered pregnancy). Replacing IFA with MMS could avert over 15,000 deaths and 30,000 cases of preterm birth annually in Bangladesh and over 5000 deaths and 5000 cases of preterm birth in Burkina Faso, assuming 100% coverage and adherence. We estimated the cost per death averted to be US112-125 in Burkina Faso. Cost per DALY averted ranged from 15, depending on the country and consideration of subgroup effects. Our estimates suggest that this policy change would cost-effectively save lives and reduce life-long disabilities. Improvements in program delivery and supplement adherence would be expected to improve the cost-effectiveness of replacing IFA with MMS
Evaluasi Indeks Keamanan Informasi (KAMI) Pada Pengamanan Penyelenggaraan Sistem Elektronik Berdasarkan ISO 27001 (Studi Kasus: STT Pratama Adi)
Sistem elektronik adalah serangkaian perangkat dan prosedur elektronik yang berfungsi mempersiapkan, mengumpulkan, mengolah, menganalisis, menyimpan, menampilkan, mengumumkan, mengirimkan, dan atau menyebarkan informasi elektronik. Keamanan informasi adalah hal yang berkaitan dengan convidentiality, integrity dan availability. Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Pratama Adi (STTPA) adalah perguruan tinggi yang berlokasi di kabupaten Bandung. STTPA telah menyelenggrakan sistem elektronik pada kegiatan akademiknya. Sehingga perlu melakukan implementasi indeks KAMI untuk mengetahui tingkatan, ukuran, maupun tingkat kepentingan penggunaan sistem penyelenggara elektronik yang dimilikinya. Indeks Keamanan Informasi (KAMI) adalah alat evaluasi untuk menganalisa tingkat kesiapan pengamanan informasi yang dilakukan pada beberapa area penerapan keamanan informasi. Dengan ruang lingkup pembahasan yang juga memenuhi semua aspek keamanan yang di definisikan oleh standar ISO27001. Metode penelitian yang di lakukan adalah metode deskriptif, yaitu mendeskrpsikan kejadian yang sebenarnya. Metode penilaian di lakukan dengan menerapkan indeks KAMI pada area sistem penyelenggaraan elektronik yang sesuai standar keamanan informasi ISO 27001. Dengan sejumlah pertanyaan di area kategori sistem elektronik. Tujuannya adalah menghasilkan hasil evaluasi mandiri dengan skor penetapan kategori sistem elektronik dengan nilai = 22. Dan hasil evaluasi akhir adalah Cukup Baik. Serta hasil ketergantungan TIK pada level B dengan batas bawah 16 dan batas atas 34, yang artinya klasifikasi kategori sistem elektronik adalah Tinggi. Hasilnya adalah Dokumen kategori Sistem Elektronik Tinggi yang dapat memberikan gambaran tingkat kesiapan keamanan informasi yang dimiliki
Development of a research project repository
The advances of technology resulting in the proliferation of mobile devices have changed the way we live and have necessitated the restructuring of the educational system. This can be employed to aid studentâs participation in research studies. This study aims at promoting- research in universities amongst students by giving them the opportunity to exercise their scholarly abilities, easy access to research projects carried out by other students, collaboration with other students with similar research inclinations as well as gain visibility before the school management or companies interested in granting scholarships to outstanding works. This project is implemented using JavaScript, HTML and CSS for the front-end; Node.js, a JavaScript framework for the back-end and MongoDB for the database. It is a web application that enables the students to upload their research works, view the research of others and collaborate with peers. This system has a high potential to enhance student participation in universitiesâ research studies
Effets du calcium alimentaire sur les paramĂštres de reproduction de lâescargot Limicolaria flammea (MĂŒller, 1774), en Ă©levage hors-sol
De jeunes escargots Limicolaria flammea ĂągĂ©s de deux semaines, avec un poids vif moyen de 0,07 ± 0,01 g et une longueur moyenne de coquille de 7,50 ± 0,03 mm ont Ă©tĂ© soumis Ă cinq (5) rĂ©gimes alimentaires dont deux Ă base de fourrages verts (R1: constituĂ© par un mĂ©lange de feuilles de Lactuca sativa (Asteraceae) et de Palisota hirsuta (Commelinaceae) et R2: composĂ© de feuilles de Carica papaya (Caricaceae) et de Phaulopsis falcisepala (Acanthaceae) et trois rĂ©gimes concentrĂ©s sous forme de farine (R3, R4 et R5), de teneurs en calcium variables (6,82 %, 12,02 % et 16,01 % respectivement) en vue de dĂ©terminer le taux de calcium susceptible dâinduire de meilleures performances de croissance. La reproduction de lâescargot L. flammea est fortement influencĂ©e par les teneurs en calcium des aliments quâil consomme. Les rĂ©gimes concentrĂ©s rĂ©duisent la durĂ©e du cycle sexuel, en ce sens que la maturitĂ© sexuelle qui est tardive (7 mois) avec les aliments vĂ©gĂ©taux (R1 et R2) a Ă©tĂ© rendue prĂ©coce (5 mois) avec ces aliments (R4 et R5). La teneur en calcium alimentaire influence le nombre total de pontes, la durĂ©e dâincubation et le taux dâĂ©closion des oeufs, alors quâelle nâa pas dâeffet sur le poids et les dimensions de lâoeuf. Le taux optimal de calcium induisant une meilleure reproduction varie de 12,02 % Ă 16,01 %. En outre, les animaux qui ont Ă©tĂ© nourris Ă ces rĂ©gimes ont eu une relative longĂ©vitĂ©, un nombre Ă©levĂ© de pontes, une durĂ©e dâincubation rĂ©duite et un taux Ă©levĂ© dâĂ©closion des oeufs, contrairement aux rĂ©gimes Ă base de fourrages verts qui donnent des rĂ©sultats peu prometteurs.Mots-clĂ©s: calcium, escargot, Limicolaria flammea (MĂŒller, 1774), reproduction. Effects of dietary calcium on the reproduction parameters of the snail Limicolaria flammea (MĂŒller, 1774), under indoor rearing Some young snails of Limicolaria flammea species of two weeks old, with an average live weight of 0,07 ± 0,002 g and an average shell length of 7,5 ± 0,03 mm were subjected to five (5) diets including two containing green fodder (R1: constituted by a mixture of leaves of Lactuca sativa (Asteraceae) and Palisota hirsuta (Commelinaceae) and R2:composed by leaves of Carica papaya (Caricaceae) and Phaulopsis falcisepala (Acanthaceae) and three concentrated diets in the form of flour (R3, R4 and R5), of variable calcium contents (6,82 %, 12,02 % and 16,01 % respectively) in order to determine the calcium rate suitable for induce better growth performances.The study shows that the reproduction of the snail L flammea is strongly influenced by the calcium contents of the food which it consumes. The concentrated diets reduce the duration of the sexual cycle, in the sense that the sexual maturity which is late (7 months) with vegetable foods (R1 and R2) was made early (5 months) with these food (R4 and R5).The dietary calcium content influences the total number of clutches, the duration of incubation and the hatching rate, while it has no effect on the weight and dimensions of eggs. The optimal calcium levels inducing a better reproduction varies from 12,02 % to 16,01 %. Moreover, the animals which were nourished with these diets had a relative longevity, a high number of clutches, reduced incubation time and a high rate of hatching, contrary to the diets containing green fodder which give not very promising results.Keywords: calcium, Limicolaria flammea (MĂŒller, 1774), reproduction, snail
Effet de la teneur en protĂ©ines alimentaires sur la croissance de lâescargot terrestre Archachatina marginata (Swainson, 1821)
Deux cent vingt-cinq escargots Archachatina marginata, ĂągĂ©s dâenviron trois jours, ont Ă©tĂ© soumis Ă deux rĂ©gimes constituĂ©s de fourrages verts (R1 et R2) et trois rĂ©gimes concentrĂ©s de farines (R3, R4 et R5) avec des teneurs en protĂ©ine variables [10,5% (R3); 14% (R4) et 17,5% (R5)], pendant 50 semaines dâĂ©levage en milieu expĂ©rimental. Ce travail vise Ă Ă©tudier lâeffet du rĂ©gime et de la teneur en protĂ©ine brute alimentaire sur la croissance de lâescargot Archachatina marginata (Swainson, 1821) en captivitĂ©. Le rĂ©gime R1 est constituĂ© de Lactuca sativa (Asteraceae), de Carica papaya (Caricaceae), Brassica oleracea (Brassicaceae), de Cecropia peltata (Moraceae), Laportea aestuans (Urticaceae) et de Phaulopsis falcisepala (Acanthaceae). Le rĂ©gime R2, en plus des feuilles utilisĂ©es pour le rĂ©gime R1, est additionnĂ© de feuilles de Leucena leucocephala (Fabaceae-Mimosoideae), une plante relativement riche en protĂ©ines. Les performances de croissances pondĂ©rale et coquilliĂšre ainsi que les taux de survie des escargots soumis aux rĂ©gimes concentrĂ©s riches en protĂ©ine ont Ă©tĂ© nettement meilleures que ceux soumis aux rĂ©gimes constituĂ©s de fourrages verts relativement pauvres en protĂ©ine. La croissance pondĂ©rale sâest amĂ©liorĂ©e avec lâaugmentation de la teneur en protĂ©ine de lâaliment concentrĂ©. Ainsi, le meilleur poids vif final (216,27 g) est prĂ©sentĂ© par les escargots soumis au rĂ©gime concentrĂ© R5 (17,5% de protĂ©ine) et le plus faible (103,8 g) par le rĂ©gime vĂ©gĂ©tal R1 (2,75% de protĂ©ine) sans L. leucocephala. Le rĂ©gime vĂ©gĂ©tal R2 contenant les feuilles de L. leucocephala Ă un taux de 37,78% a causĂ© le plus de mortalitĂ©. En revanche, Les escargots soumis aux rĂ©gimes concentrĂ©s ont prĂ©sentĂ© les plus faibles taux de mortalitĂ© (6,67% pour R3; 4,44% pour R4 et 6,67% pour R5). LâĂ©tude a montrĂ© que la protĂ©ine est un nutriment indispensable qui contribue Ă amĂ©liorer notablement la croissance de cet escargot. A un taux de 17,5%, les animaux ont prĂ©sentĂ© au bout de 50 semaines dâĂ©levage, un poids vif moyen de 216,27 ± 9,28 g, une longueur moyenne coquilliĂšre de 12,14 ± 0,63 cm. Aussi, les feuilles de L. leucocephala fraĂźches causent-elles assez de mortalitĂ© chez les naissains et les juvĂ©niles.Mots clĂ©s: Alimentation, Ă©levage, croissance, mollusque, taux de survie
Effets de la teneur en poudre de coquilles de bivalves (Corbula trigona) du substrat sur les paramĂštres de croissance dâAchatina achatina (LinnĂ©, 1758) en Ă©levage hors-sol
Les effets de cinq substrats : ST (terreau) substrat tĂ©moin, S10 (ST + 10 % poudre de coquilles de bivalves), S20 (ST + 20 % poudre de coquilles de bivalves), S30 (ST + 30 % poudre de coquilles de bivalves), S40 (ST + 40 % poudre de coquilles de bivalves) sur les performances de croissance dâAchatina achatina en Ă©levage horssol ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©. Des juvĂ©niles (450), de deux mois dâĂąge, de poids vifs moyens et de longueur moyenne de coquille de 3,30 ± 1,00 g et 2,80 ± 0,33 cm, respectivement ont Ă©tĂ© nourris Ă un aliment concentrĂ© sous forme de farine. Nos rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que lâincorporation de la poudre de coquilles de bivalves dans le substrat a une influence considĂ©rable sur la croissance des escargots. Les meilleures croissances pondĂ©rales et coquilliĂšres ont Ă©tĂ© obtenues sur le substrat S20 (0,60 g/j ; 0,026 cm/j) avec une teneur en calcium du substrat de 6.23 %. Cependant, pour une achatiniculture performante et rentable, toute incorporation de la litiĂšre au-delĂ Â de 20 % de la poudre de coquilles de bivalves est Ă dĂ©conseiller car entrainant un ralentissement de la croissance chez Achatina achatina.Mots-clĂ©s : Achatina achatina, coquilles de bivalves, substrats dâĂ©levage, calcium, croissance.Effects of powder content of bivalvia (Corbula trigona) shells of the substratum on the growth parameters of Achatina achatina (LinnĂ©, 1758) under indoor rearingThe effects of five substrata: ST (compost) control substratum, S10 (ST + 10 % powder of bivalvia shells), S20 (ST + 20 % powder of bivalvia shells), S30 (ST + powder of bivalvia shells), S40 (ST + 40 % powder of bivalvia shells) on the growth of Achatina achatina under indoor rearing were studied. 450 Juvenile snails of two month old, with 3,30 ± 1,00 g body weight and 2,80 ± 0,33 cm shell length were subjected to concentrated diets. Our results showed that the improvement of the breeding substratum with powder of bivalvia shells has a signifiant influence on the growth of Achatina achatina. The best growths were obtained on the substratum S20 (0,60 g/j ; 0,026 cm/j) with a calcium content of 6,23 %. However, in order to promote a successful and profitable snails breeding, it is not recommended to improve beyong 20 % the powder of bivalvia shells because it is involving lower growth at Achatina achatina.Keywords : Achatina achatina, bivalvia shells, breeding substratum, calcium, growth
Effet du rĂ©gime et de la teneur en protĂ©ines brutes alimentaires sur le rendement en viande de lâescargot Achatina fulica (Bowdich, 1720)
Le rendement en viande de lâescargot A. fulica soumis Ă deux rĂ©gimes vĂ©gĂ©taux de fourrages verts (R1 et R2) et 3 rĂ©gimes concentrĂ©s de farines (R3, R4 et R5) avec diffĂ©rentes teneurs en protĂ©ines (10,5%; 14% et 17,5%), a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ© aprĂšs 50 semaines dâĂ©levage en milieu expĂ©rimental. Le rĂ©gime R1 est constituĂ© de lactuca sativa (Asteraceae), de carica papaya (Caricaceae), Brassica oleracea (Brassicaceae), de Cecropia peltata (Moraceae), Laportea aestuans (Urticaceae) et de Phaulopsis falcisepala (Acanthaceae). Le rĂ©gime R2, en plus des feuilles utilisĂ©es pour le rĂ©gime R1, est additionnĂ© de feuilles de Leucena leucocephala (Fabaceae-Mimosoideae), une plante relativement riche en protĂ©ines. Les animaux soumis aux rĂ©gimes constituĂ©s de fourrages verts ont prĂ©sentĂ© des quantitĂ©s de chair consommables (52,58 g pour R1 et 57,90 g pour R2) plus faibles que celles de ceux soumis aux rĂ©gimes concentrĂ©s de farine [62,88 g (R3); 76,81 g (R4) et 85,45 g (R5)]. Le rĂ©gime R5 prĂ©sentant la plus forte teneur en protĂ©ines (17,5%), a induit la plus importante quantitĂ© de chair consommable (85,45 g). En revanche, la plus faible quantitĂ© de viande est fournie par les escargots soumis au rĂ©gime vĂ©gĂ©tal R1 sans L. leucocephala avec la plus faible teneur en protĂ©ines (2,75%). Ainsi, la quantitĂ© de viande des escargots, sâest accrue avec la teneur en protĂ©ines du rĂ©gime alimentaire.Mots clĂ©s: A. fulica, rĂ©gime alimentaire, protĂ©ines, performance de croissance, chair consommable
Common interest
SummaryOne of the West's frontline bases during the Cold War has been turned into an innovative conservation project. Nigel Williams reports
Development of a research project repository
The advances of technology resulting in the proliferation of mobile devices have changed the way we live and have necessitated the restructuring of the educational system. This can be employed to aid studentâs participation in research studies. This study aims at promoting-research in universities amongst students by giving them the opportunity to exercise their scholarly abilities, easy access to research projects carried out by other students, collaboration with other students with similar research inclinations as well as gain visibility before the school management or companies interested in granting scholarships to outstanding works. This project is implemented using JavaScript, HTML and CSS for the front-end; Node.js, a JavaScript framework for the back-end and MongoDB for the database. It is a web application that enables the students to upload their research works, view the research of others and collaborate with peers. This system has a high potential to enhance student participation in universitiesâ research studie
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