Chinese Women\u27s Experience Of Transition Towards Married State: A Multistate/multivariate Analysis Of China In-depth Fertility Survey Data, 1985

In the context of the growing amount of socio-demographic literature on marriage, this thesis explores a theoretical synthesis for an analysis on Chinese women\u27s experience in transition to the married state, based on the China In-Depth Fertility Survey data.;The frequently cited general theories or models of marriage are broadly categorized into mathematical models and behavioural interpretations of marriage. Of the latter, the theoretical work is conventionally divided into economic and sociological perspectives. However, there exists no theoretical consensus on marriage comparable to that achieved with regard to fertility.;The thesis examines the most familiar economic and sociological theories on marriage and puts forward an analytical framework based on some clear behavioural assumptions. It is proposed that marriage can be seen as a function of motivation to marry and probability of finding a suitable mate.;The thesis conducts a multistate/multivariate analysis. The multistate life table techniques are used to model the transition from entering marriage market to betrothal, and then to married state. The findings of differential transition probabilities to betrothed and married state by birth cohorts and by place of residence help to enhance the understanding of the change in timing of nuptiality. The multivariate models examine the interrelationship between betrothal, early marriage and a set of socio-economic control variables. The analytical results have shown significant relationships between certain socio-economic characteristics, such as place of residence, birth cohort and educational attainment, and the occurrence of events of interest, i.e. betrothal and early marriage.;In conclusion, the theoretical explanations on motivation, personal quality and mate-search effectiveness in relation to the probability of betrothal and early marriage are supported in the substantive analysis. A comprehensive understanding of Chinese women\u27s experience of transition to the married state, however, requires more in-depth analyses of better designed survey in the future

Development and validation of a deep learning-based model to distinguish acetabular fractures on pelvic anteroposterior radiographs

Objective: To develop and test a deep learning (DL) model to distinguish acetabular fractures (AFs) on pelvic anteroposterior radiographs (PARs) and compare its performance to that of clinicians.Materials and methods: A total of 1,120 patients from a big level-I trauma center were enrolled and allocated at a 3:1 ratio for the DL model’s development and internal test. Another 86 patients from two independent hospitals were collected for external validation. A DL model for identifying AFs was constructed based on DenseNet. AFs were classified into types A, B, and C according to the three-column classification theory. Ten clinicians were recruited for AF detection. A potential misdiagnosed case (PMC) was defined based on clinicians’ detection results. The detection performance of the clinicians and DL model were evaluated and compared. The detection performance of different subtypes using DL was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).Results: The means of 10 clinicians’ sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy to identify AFs were 0.750/0.735, 0.909/0.909, and 0.829/0.822, in the internal test/external validation set, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the DL detection model were 0.926/0.872, 0.978/0.988, and 0.952/0.930, respectively. The DL model identified type A fractures with an AUC of 0.963 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.927–0.985]/0.950 (95% CI: 0.867–0.989); type B fractures with an AUC of 0.991 (95% CI: 0.967–0.999)/0.989 (95% CI: 0.930–1.000); and type C fractures with an AUC of 1.000 (95% CI: 0.975–1.000)/1.000 (95% CI: 0.897–1.000) in the test/validation set. The DL model correctly recognized 56.5% (26/46) of PMCs.Conclusion: A DL model for distinguishing AFs on PARs is feasible. In this study, the DL model achieved a diagnostic performance comparable to or even superior to that of clinicians

Research on Surface Water Quality Assessment and Its Driving Factors: A Case Study in Taizhou City, China

It is necessary to assess and analyze the factors that influence surface water since they are crucial to human activities such as agriculture, raising livestock, and industry. Previous research has mostly focused on how land use and landscape patterns affect the quality of surface waters; it has seldom addressed the industrial and agricultural production activities that are directly connected to human society. Therefore, the research area’s surface water quality was assessed by single factor index (SFI) and composite water quality index (WQI), divided into flood and non-flood periods, and water quality indicators with severe pollution and significant seasonal variations were selected; A total of 28 indicators were selected from three main factors-topography, socio-economic, and land use type-and analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient model. (1) SFI data reveal substantial seasonal changes in pH, DO, NH3-N, TN, and TP water quality indicators. The well-developed agricultural and aquaculture in the studied region is the primary cause of the excess TN and NH3-N concentrations; (2) The sample points’ water quality index (WQI) scores range from 50 to 80, with 62% of them having “medium” water quality; (3) The study area’s seasonal variation in water quality is primarily caused by human socio-economic activities (GDP, industrial effluent discharge, COD discharge, aquatic product quality, and the proportion of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries), as well as land use type (forest, shrubland, and cropland). Topography has little effect on the study area’s surface water quality. This study offers a fresh viewpoint on surface water quality management and driver analysis, and a new framework for managing and safeguarding aquatic ecosystems

Ruthenium Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotubes for Selective Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol to Glycols

NSFC [20873108]; 973 program [2009CB939804]; NSF of Fujian Province [2007.10013]; RFDP of Higher Education [20050384011]; Key Project of MOE [106099]Ru nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes showed efficient reactivity for hydrogenolysis of aqueous glycerol solution to produce glycols of 1,2-propanediol and ethylene glycol. The glycerol conversion along with the product selectivity depended essentially on the mean size of Ru nanoparticles. The Ru mean size around 5 nm showed the highest yield of glycols. The results indicated that the hydrogenolysis of glycerol catalyzed by the supported Ru nanoparticles might be structure-sensitive

GRP75-driven, cell-cycle-dependent macropinocytosis of Tat/pDNA-Ca2+ nanoparticles underlies distinct gene therapy effect in ovarian cancer

Practice of tumor-targeted suicide gene therapy is hampered by unsafe and low efficient delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA). Using HIV-Tat-derived peptide (Tat) to non-covalently form Tat/pDNA complexes advances the delivery performance. However, this innovative approach is still limited by intracellular delivery efficiency and cell-cycle status. In this study, Tat/pDNA complexes were further condensed into smaller, nontoxic nanoparticles by Ca2+ addition. Formulated Tat/pDNA-Ca2+ nanoparticles mainly use macropinocytosis for intercellular delivery, and their macropinocytic uptake was persisted in mitosis (M-) phase and highly activated in DNA synthesis (S-) phase of cell-cycle. Over-expression or phosphorylation of a mitochondrial chaperone, 75-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP75), promoted monopolar spindle kinase 1 (MPS1)-controlled centrosome duplication and cell-cycle progress, but also driven cell-cycle-dependent macropinocytosis of Tat/pDNA-Ca2+ nanoparticles. Further in vivo molecular imaging based on DF (Fluc-eGFP)-TF (RFP-Rluc-HSV-ttk) system showed that Tat/pDNA-Ca2+ nanoparticles exhibited highly suicide gene therapy efficiency in mouse model xenografted with human ovarian cancer. Furthermore, arresting cell-cycle at S-phase markedly enhanced delivery performance of Tat/pDNA-Ca2+ nanoparticles, whereas targeting GRP75 reduced their macropinocytic delivery. More importantly, in vivo targeting GRP75 combined with cell-cycle or macropinocytosis inhibitors exhibited distinct suicide gene therapy efficiency. In summary, our data highlight that mitochondrial chaperone GRP75 moonlights as a biphasic driver underlying cell-cycle-dependent macropinocytosis of Tat/pDNA-Ca2+ nanoparticles in ovarian cancer