Enantio- and Diastereoselective Nucleophilic Addition of N-tert-Butylhydrazones to Isoquinolinium Ions through Anion-Binding Catalysis

A highly enantio- and diastereoselective thiourea-catalyzed dearomatization of isoquinolines employing N-tert-butylhydrazones as neutral alpha-azo carbanions and masked acyl anion equivalents has been developed. Experimental and computational data supports the generation of highly ordered complexes wherein the chloride behaves as a template for the catalyst, the hydrazone reagent, and the isoquinolinium cation, providing excellent stereocontrol in the formation of two contiguous stereogenic centers. The ensuing selective and high-yielding transformations provide appealing dihydroisoquinoline derivatives

La motivación como factor para el aprendizaje del idioma inglés en el contexto universitario ecuatoriano: Antecedentes, resultados y propuestas

First, the carried-out preliminary exploratory study aimed to determine and analyze what motivates Ecuadorian university students to learn English. The data gathered was used to design a project (in progress), which was proposed in the UNAE 2018-2019 Call for Research Projects; therefore, some important aspects are included, such as the mixed-method design to be employed. In the preliminary study, the information was obtained from a survey applied to 422 undergraduate students. The questions focused on determining the level of agreement they had with statements about integrative and instrumental motivation. Additionally, there was an open question where the surveyed students specified why they study English. The results showed that most participants do it to achieve short-term and long-term objectives; for example, get a better job, earn undergraduate and graduate degrees, and travel. It was also revealed that teachers and their methodology are considered important components of the English learning that are related to motivation. It concludes that it is crucial to implement meaningful and motivating lessons which help students reach their set goals.El estudio preliminar exploratorio tuvo como objetivo determinar y analizar qué factores motivan a estudiantes universitarios ecuatorianos a aprender inglés. La información recolectada sirvió para diseñar un proyecto (en curso), presentado en la Convocatoria a Proyectos de Investigación UNAE 2018-2019, por lo que se incluyen aspectos importantes del mismo, como el diseño de métodos mixtos empleado. En el estudio preliminar, la información fue obtenida a través de una encuesta aplicada a 422 estudiantes de grado. Las preguntas se centraron en determinar el nivel de consenso que ellos tení­an con afirmaciones relacionadas con la motivación integradora e instrumental. Además, se incluyó una pregunta abierta para que los participantes indiquen porqué estudian inglés. Los resultados mostraron que la mayorí­a de los participantes lo hacen para poder cumplir objetivos a corto y largo plazo; por ejemplo: obtener un mejor trabajo, alcanzar tí­tulos de grado y posgrado y viajar. También, se reveló que los profesores y su metodologí­a de enseñanza son considerados componentes importantes del aprendizaje del inglés, que, a su vez, están relacionados con la motivación. Se concluye que es importante implementar lecciones significativas y motivadoras que ayuden a los estudiantes a alcanzar sus objetivos planteados

Desarrollo tecnológico en ingeniería automotriz

El proceso de investigación y desarrollo tecnológico está directamente relacionado con una adecuada metodología de procesos industriales, que cada vez son más exigentes en competitividad, eficiencia energética y de normativas ambientales. Este libro contempla resultados de un proceso de investigación y desarrollo de nuevas técnicas aplicadas en el campo de la Ingeniería Automotriz desde cuatro aristas: eficiencia energética y contaminación ambiental, planificación del transporte, ingeniería del mantenimiento aplicada al transporte y desagregación tecnológica. Este libro conmemora 20 años de formación universitaria salesiana en el sector de transporte y recoge las experiencias y resultados obtenidos asociados con el desarrollo tecnológico en ingeniería automotriz. Para lograr este objetivo, se ha convocado a la comunidad científica, académica y profesionales de la industria automotriz a participar en la publicación. Cada capítulo fue sometido a revisión, evaluación y aprobación por un comité científico altamente calificado, proveniente de seis países: Colombia, Ecuador, España, Guinea Ecuatorial, México y Venezuela. Este trabajo ha sido posible gracias al gran apoyo de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS sede Cuenca), Ecuador y Universidad de Los Andes (ULA)

El Maltrato al menor escolar que utiliza el servicio de buses urbanos de la ciudad de Cuenca 1991

Licenciado en EnfermeríaCuenc

A process collection methodology towards TDABC costing optimization of IT services: a case study in an Ecuadorian university

ICT plays a paramount role in successful organizations. In order to achieve organizational goals, ICT services have to be closely overseen. Tools such as costing methods allow managers to be alert. Implementing a costing method for ICT services not only helps to justify investments, but also optimizes the cost of services. However, methodologies related to providing input to develop a costing model are limited. This research ameliorates ICT service management by proposing a process collection methodology that contributes to the creation of a costing model with TDABC. The proposed methodology has been tested in an IT department in an Ecuadorian University. It matched the collected information with ITIL enabling the department to manage its IT service performance. The obtained processes, activities, times and resources from operative IT services displayed substantive input to design a costing model to improve the IT department and; thereby, the organization’s management as a whole.ICT plays a paramount role in successful organizations. In order to achieve organizational goals, ICT services have to be closely overseen. Tools such as costing methods allow managers to be alert. Implementing a costing method for ICT services not only helps to justify investments, but also optimizes the cost of services. However, methodologies related to providing input to develop a costing model are limited. This research ameliorates ICT service management by proposing a process collection methodology that contributes to the creation of a costing model with TDABC. The proposed methodology has been tested in an IT department in an Ecuadorian University. It matched the collected information with ITIL enabling the department to manage its IT service performance. The obtained processes, activities, times and resources from operative IT services displayed substantive input to design a costing model to improve the IT department and; thereby, the organization’s management as a whole

Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Nucleophilic Addition of N

A highly enantio- and diastereoselective thiourea-catalyzed dearomatization of isoquinolines employing N-tert-butylhydrazones as neutral alpha-azo carbanions and masked acyl anion equivalents has been developed. Experimental and computational data supports the generation of highly ordered complexes wherein the chloride behaves as a template for the catalyst, the hydrazone reagent, and the isoquinolinium cation, providing excellent stereocontrol in the formation of two contiguous stereogenic centers. The ensuing selective and high-yielding transformations provide appealing dihydroisoquinoline derivatives

La motivación como factor para el aprendizaje del idioma inglés en el contexto universitario ecuatoriano: Antecedentes, resultados y propuestas

First, the carried-out preliminary exploratory study aimed to determine and analyze what motivates Ecuadorian university students to learn English. The data gathered was used to design a project (in progress), which was proposed in the UNAE 2018-2019 Call for Research Projects; therefore, some important aspects are included, such as the mixed-method design to be employed. In the preliminary study, the information was obtained from a survey applied to 422 undergraduate students. The questions focused on determining the level of agreement they had with statements about integrative and instrumental motivation. Additionally, there was an open question where the surveyed students specified why they study English. The results showed that most participants do it to achieve short-term and long-term objectives; for example, get a better job, earn undergraduate and graduate degrees, and travel. It was also revealed that teachers and their methodology are considered important components of the English learning that are related to motivation. It concludes that it is crucial to implement meaningful and motivating lessons which help students reach their set goals.El estudio preliminar exploratorio tuvo como objetivo determinar y analizar qué factores motivan a estudiantes universitarios ecuatorianos a aprender inglés. La información recolectada sirvió para diseñar un proyecto (en curso), presentado en la Convocatoria a Proyectos de Investigación UNAE 2018-2019, por lo que se incluyen aspectos importantes del mismo, como el diseño de métodos mixtos empleado. En el estudio preliminar, la información fue obtenida a través de una encuesta aplicada a 422 estudiantes de grado. Las preguntas se centraron en determinar el nivel de consenso que ellos tení­an con afirmaciones relacionadas con la motivación integradora e instrumental. Además, se incluyó una pregunta abierta para que los participantes indiquen porqué estudian inglés. Los resultados mostraron que la mayorí­a de los participantes lo hacen para poder cumplir objetivos a corto y largo plazo; por ejemplo: obtener un mejor trabajo, alcanzar tí­tulos de grado y posgrado y viajar. También, se reveló que los profesores y su metodologí­a de enseñanza son considerados componentes importantes del aprendizaje del inglés, que, a su vez, están relacionados con la motivación. Se concluye que es importante implementar lecciones significativas y motivadoras que ayuden a los estudiantes a alcanzar sus objetivos planteados

New saliva secretion model based on the expression of Na+-K+ pump and K+ channels in the apical membrane of parotid acinar cells

The plasma membrane of parotid acinar cells is functionally divided into apical and basolateral regions. According to the current model, fluid secretion is driven by transepithelial ion gradient, which facilitates water movement by osmosis into the acinar lumen from the interstitium. The osmotic gradient is created by the apical Cl− efflux and the subsequent paracellular Na+ transport. In this model, the Na+-K+ pump is located exclusively in the basolateral membrane and has essential role in salivary secretion, since the driving force for Cl− transport via basolateral Na+–K+–2Cl− cotransport is generated by the Na+-K+ pump. In addition, the continuous electrochemical gradient for Cl− flow during acinar cell stimulation is maintained by the basolateral K+ efflux. However, using a combination of single-cell electrophysiology and Ca2+-imaging, we demonstrate that photolysis of Ca2+ close to the apical membrane of parotid acinar cells triggered significant K+ current, indicating that a substantial amount of K+ is secreted into the lumen during stimulation. Nevertheless, the K+ content of the primary saliva is relatively low, suggesting that K+ might be reabsorbed through the apical membrane. Therefore, we investigated the localization of Na+-K+ pumps in acinar cells. We show that the pumps appear evenly distributed throughout the whole plasma membrane, including the apical pole of the cell. Based on these results, a new mathematical model of salivary fluid secretion is presented, where the pump reabsorbs K+ from and secretes Na+ to the lumen, which can partially supplement the paracellular Na+ pathway