Reduction of Radiometric Miscalibration—Applications to Pushbroom Sensors

The analysis of hyperspectral images is an important task in Remote Sensing. Foregoing radiometric calibration results in the assignment of incident electromagnetic radiation to digital numbers and reduces the striping caused by slightly different responses of the pixel detectors. However, due to uncertainties in the calibration some striping remains. This publication presents a new reduction framework that efficiently reduces linear and nonlinear miscalibrations by an image-driven, radiometric recalibration and rescaling. The proposed framework—Reduction Of Miscalibration Effects (ROME)—considering spectral and spatial probability distributions, is constrained by specific minimisation and maximisation principles and incorporates image processing techniques such as Minkowski metrics and convolution. To objectively evaluate the performance of the new approach, the technique was applied to a variety of commonly used image examples and to one simulated and miscalibrated EnMAP (Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program) scene. Other examples consist of miscalibrated AISA/Eagle VNIR (Visible and Near Infrared) and Hawk SWIR (Short Wave Infrared) scenes of rural areas of the region Fichtwald in Germany and Hyperion scenes of the Jalal-Abad district in Southern Kyrgyzstan. Recovery rates of approximately 97% for linear and approximately 94% for nonlinear miscalibrated data were achieved, clearly demonstrating the benefits of the new approach and its potential for broad applicability to miscalibrated pushbroom sensor data

Meta-analysis of the space flight and microgravity response of the Arabidopsis plant transcriptome

15 p.-8 fig.-2 tab.Spaceflight presents a multifaceted environment for plants, combining the effects on growth of many stressors and factors including altered gravity, the influence of experiment hardware, and increased radiation exposure. To help understand the plant response to this complex suite of factors this study compared transcriptomic analysis of 15 Arabidopsis thaliana spaceflight experiments deposited in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s GeneLab data repository. These data were reanalyzed for genes showing significant differential expression in spaceflight versus ground controls using a single common computational pipeline for either the microarray or the RNA-seq datasets. Such a standardized approach to analysis should greatly increase the robustness of comparisons made between datasets. This analysis was coupled with extensive cross-referencing to a curated matrix of metadata associated with these experiments. Our study reveals that factors such as analysis type (i.e., microarray versus RNA-seq) or environmental and hardware conditions have important confounding effects on comparisons seeking to define plant reactions to spaceflight. The metadata matrix allows selection of studies with high similarity scores, i.e., that share multiple elements of experimental design, such as plant age or flight hardware. Comparisons between these studies then helps reduce the complexity in drawing conclusions arising from comparisons made between experiments with very different designs.This work was coordinated through the GeneLab Plant Analysis Working Group and was supported by NASA grants 80NSSC19K0126, 80NSSC18K0132 and 80NSSC21K0577 to S.G. and R.B., through NASA 80NSSC19K1481 to S.W., NNX15AG55G to C.W., and NNX15AG56G to L.D. and N.L., from the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación grant RTI2018-099309-B-I00 and ESA 1340112 4000131202/20/NL/PG/pt to R.H. Contributions from P.J. and P.G. were partially supported by funds from the Oregon State University, NSF awards 1127112 and 1340112 and the United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service. The Qlik software used in this work is provided under a free-to-use educational license from Qlik Technologies Inc. GeneLab datasets were obtained from https://genelab-data.ndc.nasa.gov/genelab/projects/, maintained by NASA GeneLab, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035.Peer reviewe

DOUBLE-RING AND TENSION INFILTROMETER MEASUREMENTS OF HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY AND MOBILE SOIL REGIONS MEDIDAS DE CONDUTIVIDADE HIDRÁULICA E MOVIMENTO DE ÁGUA NO SOLO POR ANÉIS CONCÊNTRICOS E INFILTRÔMETRO DE TENSÃO

&lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="en-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;There are several field methods and techniques for measuring &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="en-US"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;Ks&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="en-US"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;In this study, double-ring (DI) and tension infiltrometer (TI) infiltration techniques were combined with dye tracer application and compared for estimating &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;K&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt; and the mobile soil fraction on a structured sandy loam soil (Gleyic Luvisol), in Rostock, Germany. Water was infiltrated into soil by using three methods: DI, TI (without contact with sand), and TI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;sand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt; (with contact with sand), until steady-state conditions were obtained. At different positions, three pulse depths of 25 mm, 50 mm, and 100 mm, with a 2 g L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;-1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt; Brilliant Blue (BB) FCF dye solution, were used. The results showed variable &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;K&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt; values for DI of 820-2,020 cm d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;-1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;, which were 7 to 13 times higher, when compared to TI values, and 12 to 33 times higher than for TI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;sand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;. For the 25 mm and 50 mm BB applications, the mobile (dye-stained) soil regions constituted up to 60% in the top 25 cm and varied little, when considered the infiltration methods. Only the 100 mm application, using the DI, yielded significant BB displacement into the subsoil. Hence, both &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;K&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span style="text-decoration: none;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"&gt;&lt;span lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;span style="font-style: normal;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: normal;"&gt; values and their corresponding dye pattern depended on the boundary conditions. For DI, more than 90% of the dye was constrained below the infiltration area, revealing that flow was essentially vertical.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;<br>&lt;p style="text-align: justify !important;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Existem muitas técnicas e métodos de campo para medir e estimar a condutividade hidráulica saturada do solo (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Ks&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;). Neste estudo, medidas de condutividade hidráulica (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;K&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;) e movimento de água no solo, pelos métodos anéis concêntricos (DI) e infiltrômetro de tensão (TI), foram avaliados em solo de textura média (Gleyic Luvisol), em Rostock, na Alemanha. Após obtida a estabilidade de infiltração da água, utilizando-se os métodos DI, TI (sem contato com areia) e TI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;sand &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;(com contato com areia), três lâminas de 25 mm, 50 mm e 100 mm de solução corada de azul, 2 g L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;-1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; Brilliant Blue FCF (BB), foram aplicadas, em diferentes posições, na área. Os resultados mostraram variação nos valores de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;K&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt; obtidos por DI de 820-2.020 cm d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;-1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;, os quais foram de 7 a 13 vezes maiores, quando comparados aos valores com TI, e 12 a 33 vezes maiores, quando comparados com TI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;sand&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;. Para as aplicações de 25 mm e 50 mm de BB, o corante concentrou-se 60% na camada de 25 cm e variou pouco entre os métodos de infiltração. Somente para a lâmina de 100 mm, utilizando-se o método DI, observou-se dispersão do corante, atingindo camadas mais profundas. Assim, observou-se que os valores de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;K&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;s &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;e a dispersão de corante dependeram das condições de contorno. Além disto, para o método DI, mais de 90% do corante concentrou-se abaixo da área de infiltração, revelando fluxo vertical preferencial.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #000000;"&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: x-small;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt

NASA GeneLab RNA-seq consensus pipeline: Standardized processing of short-read RNA-seq data

22 p.-6 fig.-3 tab.-1 fig. supl.-6 tab. supl.-1 graph. abst.With the development of transcriptomic technologies, we are able to quantify precise changes in gene expression profiles from astronauts and other organisms exposed to spaceflight. Members of NASA GeneLab and GeneLab-associated analysis working groups (AWGs) have developed a consensus pipeline for analyzing short-read RNA-sequencing data from spaceflight-associated experiments. The pipeline includes quality control, read trimming, mapping, and gene quantification steps, culminating in the detection of differentially expressed genes. This data analysis pipeline and the results of its execution using data submitted to GeneLab are now all publicly available through the GeneLab database. We present here the full details and rationale for the construction of this pipeline in order to promote transparency, reproducibility, and reusability of pipeline data; to provide a template for data processing of future spaceflight-relevant datasets; and to encourage cross-analysis of data from other databases with the data available in GeneLab.This work was funded in part by the NASA Space Biology program within the NASA Science Mission Directorate's (SMD) Biological and Physical Sciences (BPS) Division, NASA award numbers NNX15AG56G, 80NSSC19K0132, the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (grant number BB/N015894/1), the MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research (grant numbers MR/P021220/1 and MR/R502364/1), the Spanish Research Agency (AEI grant number RTI2018-099309-B-I00, co-funded by EU-ERDF), and the National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre.Peer reviewe