Socioeconomic disparities in access to a hepatocellular carcinoma screening program in Brazil

OBJECTIVES: Cirrhotic patients must receive an abdominal ultrasound every 6 months as part of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) screening. The aim of this study was to assess if HCC screening was performed as recommended by the literature and to observe the differences between the private and public services in Brazil. METHODS: We analyzed data from the HCC screenings of 253 cirrhotic patients from the University Hospital (n=177) and private sector (n=76) in Vitória, ES, Brazil. RESULTS: Ultrasound screening was performed every 13.1 months on average (SD 9.02). In 37 out of 253 patients, the screenings were performed close to the recommended frequency; 16 were performed every 6 months, and 21 were mostly performed during the follow-up period every 6 months. In the remaining 216 cases, ultrasounds were not performed according to the guidelines; for 106 patients, less than 50% of all ultrasounds were performed every 6 months and 110 patients showed an interval greater than one year. Patients from the private sector received ultrasound screenings near the ideal in 28.9% of cases, while patients from the University Hospital received ultrasounds in only 8.4% of cases (p<0.0001). HCC was diagnosed in 30 patients (11.8%). For these 30 patients, 11 screenings were properly performed within 6 months (36.6%) and only 1 out of the 11 (9%) met the criteria for transplant. In the remaining 19 patients who did not receive the screening within 6 months, 6 (31.5%) did not meet the criteria for transplant. CONCLUSION: HCC screening in our environment was irregularly performed, mainly in the public service setting, which prevented early diagnosis in a large number of patients

Limits on light gravitino production and new processes with large missing transverse energy in pp̄ collisions at √s = 1.8 TeV

Events collected by the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) with an energetic jet plus large missing transverse energy can be used to search for physics beyond the standard model. We see no deviations from the expected backgrounds and set upper limits on the production of new processes. We consider in addition the production of light gravitinos and set a limit at 95% confidence level on the breaking scale √F ≥ 217 GeV, which excludes gravitino masses smaller than 1.1 × 10-5 eV/c2. © 2000 The American Physical Society

Search for the charged Higgs boson in the decays of top quark pairs in the eτ and μτ channels at √s=1.8 TeV

Top quark production offers the unique opportunity to search for a charged Higgs boson (H±), as the contribution from t→H+b→τ+νb can be large in extensions of the standard model. We use results from a search for top quark pair production by the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) in the eτ+Slashed E signT+jets and μτ+Slashed E signT+jets signatures to set an upper limit on the branching ratio of ℬ(t→H+b) in 106 pb-1 of data. The upper limit is in the range 0.5 to 0.6 at 95% C.L. for H+ masses in the range 60 to 160 GeV, assuming the branching ratio for H+→τν is 100%. The τ lepton is detected through its 1-prong and 3-prong hadronic decays. ©2000 The American Physical Society