Polyaminergic agents modulate the reconsolidation of conditioned fear

AbstractWhen consolidated memories are reactivated, they become labile and, to persist, must undergo a new stabilization process called reconsolidation. During reactivation, memory is susceptible to pharmacological interventions that may improve or impair it. Spermidine (SPD) is an endogenous polyamine that physiologically modulates the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in mammals by binding on the polyamine-binding site at the NMDA receptor. While polyamine agonists and antagonists of the polyamine binding site on the NMDA receptor respectively improve and impair early consolidation, it has not been defined whether these agents alter memory reconsolidation. Male Wistar rats were trained in a fear conditioning apparatus using a 0.4mA footshock as unconditioned stimulus. Twenty four hours after training, animals were re-exposed to the apparatus in the absence of shock (reactivation session). Immediately after the reactivation session, SPD (1–30mg/kg, i.p.) or the antagonist of the polyamine-binding site at the NMDA receptor, arcaine (0.1–10mg/kg, i.p.), were injected, and the animals were tested in the same apparatus 24h later. Freezing scores at testing were considered a measure of memory. While SPD (3 and 10mg/kg) improved, arcaine (1 and 10mg/kg) impaired memory reconsolidation. These drugs had no effect on memory if they were administered in the absence of reactivation, or 6h after reactivation session. Arcaine (0.1mg/kg, i.p.) prevented SPD (3mg/kg)-induced improvement of memory reconsolidation. Accordingly, SPD (1mg/kg) prevented arcaine (10mg/kg)-induced impairment of memory reconsolidation. The amnesic effect of arcaine was not reversed by arcaine administration prior to test, ruling out state dependence in this effect. These results suggest that systemic administration of polyamine binding site ligands modulate memory reconsolidation

Anthocyanins restore behavioral and biochemical changes caused by streptozotocin-induced sporadic dementia of Alzheimer's type

Aims The aim of this study was to analyze if the pre-administration of anthocyanin on memory and anxiety prevented the effects caused by intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (icv-STZ) administration-induced sporadic dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT) in rats. Moreover, we evaluated whether the levels of nitrite/nitrate (NOx), Na+,K+-ATPase, Ca2 +-ATPase and acethylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in the cerebral cortex (CC) and hippocampus (HC) are altered in this experimental SDAT. Main methods Male Wistar rats were divided in 4 different groups: control (CTRL), anthocyanin (ANT), streptozotocin (STZ) and streptozotocin + anthocyanin (STZ + ANT). After seven days of treatment with ANT (200 mg/kg; oral), the rats were icv-STZ injected (3 mg/kg), and four days later the behavior parameters were performed and the animals submitted to euthanasia. Key findings A memory deficit was found in the STZ group, but ANT treatment showed that it prevents this impairment of memory (P < 0.05). Our results showed a higher anxiety in the icv-STZ group, but treatment with ANT showed a per se effect and prevented the anxiogenic behavior induced by STZ. Our results reveal that the ANT treatment (100 μM) tested displaces the specific binding of [3H] flunitrazepam to the benzodiazepinic site of GABAA receptors. AChE, Ca+-ATPase activities and NOx levels were found to be increased in HC and CC in the STZ group, which was attenuated by ANT (P < 0.05). STZ decreased Na+,K+-ATPase activity and ANT was able to prevent these effects (P < 0.05). Significance In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that ANT is able to regulate ion pump activity and cholinergic neurotransmission, as well as being able to enhance memory and act as an anxiolytic compound in animals with SDAT

O poder da linguagem persuasiva na mídia: uma reflexão da propaganda de carros em revistas femininas

O presente trabalho aborda o poder da linguagem persuasiva na mídia e propõe fazer uma reflexão da  propaganda de carros em revistas femininas. Objetiva  averiguar e compreender como a mídia através da linguagem  publicitária  utilizando-se dos recursos expressivos, estéticos, apelativos e criativos, manipula e convence o leitor na aquisição do produto oferecido/veiculado, no caso específico desta análise, o carro utilitário considerando um item  que a maioria das famílias almeja. Com o intuito de compreender o  objeto desta análise, na fundamentação teórica,  serão abordados dentre outros  autores  Eni  Puccinelli Orlandi na  área de  Análise do Discurso e Adilson Citelli na Linguagem e Persuasão. A pesquisa utiliza-se de imagens de carros, veiculadas em revistas, descrevendo a forma como a mídia  utiliza-se da linguagem verbal e não verbal, as formulações selecionadas por cada marca, a disposição na página e as especificidades dirigidas ao público feminino.Palavras-chave: linguagem; Análise de Discurso; publicidade; propaganda; revistas femininas

Perspectivas voltadas ao estudo da imagem publicitária, no âmbito da análise de discurso: campanhas da Rede Hortifruti

O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver, no âmbito da Análise de Discurso, perspectivas voltadas ao estudo da imagem publicitária em sua materialidade verbal e não verbal. Propondo assim, analisar uma peça da campanha publicitária da Rede Hortifruti „Se as meninas do Leblon / não olham mais pra mim / eu uso brócolis  –  Entre no ritmo da Hortifruti‟. A partir de uma abordagem genérica dos processos significativos, pretende-se mostrar como imagem e texto significam (ideologicamente) na publicidade (no caso específico do corpus desta análise), observando questão relativa à materialidade da linguagem (verbal e não-verbal).Palavras-chave: linguagem; Análise do discurso; publicidade; imagem; ideologia; materialidades

Perspectivas voltadas ao estudo da imagem publicitária, no âmbito da análise de discurso: campanhas da Rede Hortifruti

<p>O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver, no âmbito da Análise de Discurso, perspectivas voltadas ao estudo da imagem publicitária em sua materialidade verbal e não verbal. Propondo assim, analisar uma peça da campanha publicitária da Rede Hortifruti „Se as meninas do Leblon / não olham mais pra mim / eu uso brócolis  –  Entre no ritmo da Hortifruti‟. A partir de uma abordagem genérica dos processos significativos, pretende-se mostrar como imagem e texto significam (ideologicamente) na publicidade (no caso específico do corpus desta análise), observando questão relativa à materialidade da linguagem (verbal e não-verbal).</p><p><strong>Palavras-chave</strong>: linguagem; Análise do discurso; publicidade; imagem; ideologia; materialidades.</p

Anthocyanins restore behavioral and biochemical changes caused by streptozotocin-induced sporadic dementia of Alzheimer's type

Aims The aim of this study was to analyze if the pre-administration of anthocyanin on memory and anxiety prevented the effects caused by intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (icv-STZ) administration-induced sporadic dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT) in rats. Moreover, we evaluated whether the levels of nitrite/nitrate (NOx), Na+,K+-ATPase, Ca2 +-ATPase and acethylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in the cerebral cortex (CC) and hippocampus (HC) are altered in this experimental SDAT. Main methods Male Wistar rats were divided in 4 different groups: control (CTRL), anthocyanin (ANT), streptozotocin (STZ) and streptozotocin + anthocyanin (STZ + ANT). After seven days of treatment with ANT (200 mg/kg; oral), the rats were icv-STZ injected (3 mg/kg), and four days later the behavior parameters were performed and the animals submitted to euthanasia. Key findings A memory deficit was found in the STZ group, but ANT treatment showed that it prevents this impairment of memory (P < 0.05). Our results showed a higher anxiety in the icv-STZ group, but treatment with ANT showed a per se effect and prevented the anxiogenic behavior induced by STZ. Our results reveal that the ANT treatment (100 μM) tested displaces the specific binding of [3H] flunitrazepam to the benzodiazepinic site of GABAA receptors. AChE, Ca+-ATPase activities and NOx levels were found to be increased in HC and CC in the STZ group, which was attenuated by ANT (P < 0.05). STZ decreased Na+,K+-ATPase activity and ANT was able to prevent these effects (P < 0.05). Significance In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that ANT is able to regulate ion pump activity and cholinergic neurotransmission, as well as being able to enhance memory and act as an anxiolytic compound in animals with SDAT