Studies on perispawning mortalities in brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) from Loch Leven, Kinross, Scotland

Investigations into perispawning mortalities in the brown trout (Salmo trutta L) population of Loch Leven, Kinross, revealed that death occurred as a result of infection with a particular species of Saprolegnia diclina Humphrey type 1. Increased surface area of infection was correlated with a decrease in ion and protein content of the blood and was further reflected by changes in the electrocardiogram pattern. These changes were essentially a widening of the QRS complex with inflection of the RS component, changes consistent with a decrease in certain ions in mammals. Histological changes associated with sexual maturity and fungal infection are described and compared with changes resulting from the administration of androgens to brown trout

A Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of rabies among residents in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

This study was conducted in Addis Ababa during the months of January and February, 2011 to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the communities on rabies. A cross-sectional study design and multistage sampling procedures were employed to select households for this study. Kebeles were randomly selected using lottery method from list of kebeles in each sub city, followed by selection of 42 households from each kebeles using systematic random sampling method. The data were collected from 1260 households through face to face interview using pre tested and structured questionnaires. Eighty three percent of the respondents indicated that they had previously heard about rabies. The majority of the study participants 932(75.2%) had moderate level of knowledge and those with satisfactory level of attitude were 649(52.3%) and with intermediate level of appropriate practices were 831(67.0%). There was strong association between knowledge scores and sex; educational level; occupation and household size (p<0.05). However, statistically significant difference was observed only between attitude scores and: age, educational level and monthly income (p<0.05). In this study, higher scores in practices to prevent rabies were recorded in male respondents those who completed higher education (p <0.05). Moreover, there was a strong positive correlation between knowledge and practice; attitude and practice. In this study a moderate level of awareness was shown with regard to rabies among the residents of Addis Ababa. Additionally, inaccessibility to appropriate services was also considered as a major reason for the low level of community participation in rabies prevention and control activities.Key Words: Attitude, community, Knowledge, Practice, rabie

Dog bite as a public health concern in Addis Ababa

Introduction: Animal bites and scratches represent the most important public health issue related to dogs and cats because of the risk of rabies transmission associated with physical, psychological trauma and wound infection. Objective: The study was aimed at estimating the prevalence of animal bite of human beings in Addis Ababa. Methods: Data on the kind of animal, age of the patients, gender, site of bites and /or scratch were collected from the registry book and analyzed using SPSS version 11.5. Results: A total of 1299 cases of bite and/or scratch were reported for the period September 2008 to August 2009. The majority of bites were made by dogs where stray dogs are much higher (X2 = 0.83, p= 0.36). There is statistically highly significant difference of bites between sex (p = 0.001) and between age group (F = 5.41, p=0.02). The animal bite made by dogs was higher on legs (55.6 %) followed by hands (26.45 %) and multiple bites (7.51 %). Conclusions: The majority of bites were attributed to stray dogs followed by cats, horses, donkeys. To reduce the problem a preventative public education is suggested

Death Anxiety Due to COVID 19 in the Elderly : A Field Study in The Elderly House of Mu’ascar City

هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن مستوى قلق الموت الناجم عن كوفيد19 لدى كبار السن المقيمين بدار الأشخاص المسنين، وكذا التعرف على مستوى قلق الموت الناتج عن كوفيد 19 تبعا لمتغير الجنس، أجريت الدراسة بدار الأشخاص المسنين بمدينة معسكر، تكونت العينة من 33 مسنا تم اختيارهم بطريقة قصدية،طبق عليهم مقياس قلق الموت، وكانت معالجة البيانات باستخدام الرزمة الإحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية، وكشفت الدراسة عن النتائج التالية: - وجود مستوى عال من قلق الموت الناجم عن كوفيد 19 لدى المسنين - توجد فروق دالة إحصائيا في مستوى قلق الموت الناجم عن كوفيد 19 تبعا لمتغير الجنس ولصالح الذكور.This study aimed at exploring the level of death anxiety leading to covid 19 among the elderly residing in the a elderly home and identify the level of death anxiety caused by this pandemic depending on both sex.The study took place in a elderly home in the city of Mascara was chosen intentionally.To achieve the objectives of this work,the researchers designed a questionnaire of death anxiety.The data were processed  using statistical analysis package (SPSS). The study revealed the following results    : -There is a high level of death anxiety caused by covid 19 in the elderly. -There are statistically significant differences in the level of death anxiety caused by covid 19 due to  the sex variable in favor of males

Perinatal Survival and Predictors of Mortality among Mothers with Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy at Antenatal care Clinics in Gamo Zone Public Hospitals

BACKGROUND፡ Pregnancy induced hypertension represents a significant public health problem throughout the world, which may complicate 0.5%–10% of all pregnancies. It is the leading cause of maternal as well perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Pregnancy induced hypertension is a multisystem disorder unique to pregnancy and results in high perinatal mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the survival status, incidence and predictors of perinatal mortality among mothers with pregnancy induced hypertension at antenatal clinics of Gamo Zone public hospitals.METHODS: Facility-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among selected 576(192 exposed and 384 unexposed) antenatal care attendants' record at Gamo Zone public hospitals from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018. Data were entered into Epi data version 3.02 and exported to SPSS V 25 for analysis. Kaplan Meier survival curve together with log rank test was fitted to test the survival time. Statistical significance was declared at Pvalue <0.05 using cox proportional hazard model.RESULT: The incidence of perinatal mortality was 124/1000 births. The cumulative proportion of surviving at the end of 4th , 8th, 12th and 16th weeks of follow-up among the exposed groups was 96.9%, 93.5%, 82.1% and 61.6% respectively whereas it was 99.5%, 98.9% and 98.5% at the end of 4th, 8th and 12th weeks of follow-up for the non-exposed groups respectively. Parity of >5(AHR: 6.3; 95%CI: 1.36,10.55), mothers who delivered at<34 weeks of gestation(AHR:7.8; 95%CI: 2.6,23.1), being preterm(AHR:6; 95%CI: 5.3,19.2), perinatal birth weight<2500gm(AHR:6.1; 95&CI: 1.01,37.9), vaginal deliveryn(AHR:2.7; 95%CI:1.13,6.84), maternal highest systolic blood pressure level >160mmHg (AHR: 2.3; 95%CI: 1.02,5.55) and prepartum onset of pregnancy induced hypertension (AHR:6; 95%CI: 5.3,19.2) were statistically significant in multivariable analysis.CONCLUSION: The risk of perinatal mortality was high among the mothers with pregnancy induced hypertension compared to those of pregnancy induced hypertension free mother,s and the perinatal mortality rate was high. High parity, low gestational age, low number of antenatal care visits, low birth weight, vaginal delivery, antepartum onset of pregnancy induced hypertension and highest maternal systolic blood pressure level were the independent predictors of perinatal mortality

LE MAL DE L'URBAIN FACE A L'ABSENCE DE LA CULTURE URBAINE

International audienceRésumé Le territoire algérien souffre face à une urbanisation galopante et en plein essor, mais aussi anarchique et parfois chaotique, la ville algérienne cet être vivant qui au fil des années tant à perdre sa symbolique, laissant place à un habitat dénudé de toute âme et à des espaces publics stériles et inutilisés, face à ces constats une dégradation conséquente du paysage urbain ; en contre parti des équipements stratégiques voient le jour notamment dans les grandes métropoles algériennes tel qu'Alger, Constantine, Oran, Annaba… Ces projets phares se dressent et cohabitent avec les bidonvilles qui se démolissent et renaissent sans cesse à l'image des favelas brésiliennes. Un étalement urbain sans précédent pousse les limites des villes algériennes vers la dégradation, la pollution et l'insécurité, dés lors les risques environnementales augmentent et plonge le paysage urbain dans le chaos.« Le mal de vivre urbain » s'installe est face à lui la politique de la ville reste figée sans action ni réaction ! Dysfonctionnements, défaillances de l'urbain chamboulent l'image de la ville algérienne, laissant place aux nuisances, aux pollutions, au manque d'eau et d'espaces verts, ainsi qu'aux négligences de la population non respectueuse de son cadre de vie. Face à tous ces constats désastreux on se pose plusieurs questions : Comment arriver au stade du mieux vivre de l'urbain ? Comment trouver des remèdes aux maux du paysage urbain face à une esthétique absente ? Comment arriverons-nous à préserver la qualité de vie au sein de nos villes algériennes ? Comment gérer avec prudence les équipements et les infrastructures existantes, afin d'en faire une source de potentialités pour l'économie locale ? Et au final comment arriver à instaurer la culture de l'urbain chez le citoyen algérien ? Mots clés : Paysage urbain ; défaillance ; urbanisation ; pollution ; ville algérienne ; cultur

Satisfaction with care among patients with non-metastatic breast cancer: development and first steps of validation of the REPERES-60 questionnaire

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The care itinerary for cancer involves difficulties that occur in several different areas, whether in the diagnostic procedures, in surgery, or in adjuvant treatment. The aim of this work was to obtain a valid instrument measuring satisfaction among patients with breast cancer and exploring their care itinerary overall.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p><it>Development phase</it>: Patient focus groups were implemented in two French regions in order to identify areas of satisfaction in relation to the different phases of care provision in breast cancer. On the basis of the literature and the themes and wordings derived from the focus groups, the patients identified several areas of satisfaction, which they found to be partially covered in an American satisfaction measure that has been validated in the French general population (the Consumer Satisfaction Survey in its French version, CSS-VF, 39 items). The patient focus groups suggested adaptation of certain dimensions of this instrument to the potential care providers (37 items) and produced 45 new items in six areas.</p> <p><it>Validation phase</it>: Using a large sample of patients (cohort of 820 women with invasive non-metastatic breast cancer) approached one month after treatment, this phase selected items that were comprehensible (non-response rate < 10%), non-redundant (r < 0.80) and reproducible (test-retest conducted on a sub-sample of 166 patients). The dimensions were identified by factor analysis on the selected items. Divergent and discriminant validity were assessed (relationships with quality of life questionnaire, comparisons between extreme groups).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Results were in favour of not inserting additional broken-down items into the CSS-VF and retaining 21 new items. The factor analysis found the initial structure of the CSS-VF (39 items in 9 dimensions) and the 21 new items divide up into four dimensions (listening abilities and information provided by doctors, organisation and follow-up of medical care provision, psychological support, material environment). No redundancy was observed between new items and CSS-VF items. Internal consistency was high. Divergent and discriminant validity were satisfactory.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Adding four new dimensions to the CSS-VF yielded a valid 60-item instrument for assessment of care provided in breast cancer. These promising results now require further investigations of its responsiveness and its robustness in other linguistic, cultural and healthcare settings.</p

Quantification and identification of sperm subpopulations using computer-aided sperm analysis and species-specific cut-off values for swimming speed

Motility is an essential characteristic of all fl agellated spermatozoa and assessment of this parameter is one criterion for most semen or sperm evaluations. Computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) can be used to measure sperm motility more objectively and accurately than manual methods, provided that analysis techniques are standardized. Previous studies have shown that evaluation of sperm subpopulations is more important than analyzing the total motile sperm population alone. We developed a quantitative method to determine cut-off values for swimming speed to identify three sperm subpopulations. We used the Sperm Class Analyzer ® (SCA) CASA system to assess the total percentage of motile spermatozoa in a sperm preparation as well as the percentages of rapid, medium and slow swimming spermatozoa for six mammalian species. Curvilinear velocity (VCL) cut-off values were adjusted manually for each species to include 80% rapid, 15% medium and 5% slow swimming spermatozoa. Our results indicate that the same VCL intervals cannot be used for all species to classify spermatozoa according to swimming speed. After VCL intervals were adjusted for each species, three unique sperm subpopulations could be identifi ed. The effects of medical treatments on sperm motility become apparent in changes in the distribution of spermatozoa among the three swimming speed classes.Web of Scienc

Male Oxidative Stress Infertility (MOSI):proposed terminology and clinical practice guidelines for management of idiopathic male infertility

Despite advances in the field of male reproductive health, idiopathic male infertility, in which a man has altered semen characteristics without an identifiable cause and there is no female factor infertility, remains a challenging condition to diagnose and manage. Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress (OS) plays an independent role in the etiology of male infertility, with 30% to 80% of infertile men having elevated seminal reactive oxygen species levels. OS can negatively affect fertility via a number of pathways, including interference with capacitation and possible damage to sperm membrane and DNA, which may impair the sperm's potential to fertilize an egg and develop into a healthy embryo. Adequate evaluation of male reproductive potential should therefore include an assessment of sperm OS. We propose the term Male Oxidative Stress Infertility, or MOSI, as a novel descriptor for infertile men with abnormal semen characteristics and OS, including many patients who were previously classified as having idiopathic male infertility. Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) can be a useful clinical biomarker for the classification of MOSI, as it takes into account the levels of both oxidants and reductants (antioxidants). Current treatment protocols for OS, including the use of antioxidants, are not evidence-based and have the potential for complications and increased healthcare-related expenditures. Utilizing an easy, reproducible, and cost-effective test to measure ORP may provide a more targeted, reliable approach for administering antioxidant therapy while minimizing the risk of antioxidant overdose. With the increasing awareness and understanding of MOSI as a distinct male infertility diagnosis, future research endeavors can facilitate the development of evidence-based treatments that target its underlying cause