Influences of family and household characteristics on children's level of physical activity during social distancing due to Covid-19 in Brazil

Objective: To evaluate if the variables child?s sex, age, presence of siblings, parents working remotely, and external space affect the level of physical activity (PA) of Brazilian children during social distancing imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An online questionnaire was applied by the LimeSurvey software from March to April 2020. Children were divided into four age groups, and the questionnaire comprised questions on family and household characteristics, domestic and children?s routines in the period of Brazilian social distancing. Based on the answers concerning children?s activities, the following variable was created: percentage of physical activity (%PA) in one-day period. Analysis of variance and regression analysis were performed to investigate the effect of demographic and parental activities on %PA. Results: The %PA decreases with increasing age, but increases with the availability of external space at home. No significant or interaction effects were observed for other variables. Age and external space at home are predictors of %PA. Conclusions: Household and personal characteristics of Brazilian children influence the level of physical activity performed by them during social distancing. Preventive measures can be adopted in the face of another similar period.4811-99FE-2ECD | Luis Paulo RodriguesN/

Efeitos combinados da fisioterapia e terapia robótica no equilíbrio e velocidade da marcha em pacientes com lesão medular incompleta

Restaurar a capacidade de andar é um dos objetivos da reabilitação na lesão medular incompleta (LMI). O treino orientado a tarefa abrange os princípios do aprendizado motor, envolvendo mecanismos de neuroplasticidade central e, consequentemente, reorganização cortical. O treinamento da marcha robótica G-EO System (GS) atua como um reforço da prática repetitiva e específica das fases da marcha. Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos combinados da fisioterapia e da terapia robótica na funcionalidade da marcha em relação ao equilíbrio e velocidade da marcha em pacientes com LMI. Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo com 14 pacientes na fase crônica da doença, que realizaram 20 sessões de GS associado à fisioterapia convencional (FC). Utilizamos o Teste de Caminhada de 10 Metros (TC10) e a Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg (EEB). Valores de p <0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos pelo teste de Wilcoxon ao início da fisioterapia convencional e pré e pós intervenção. Resultados: Observou-se que no TC10, a velocidade inicial média variou de 2,60 m/s ± 1,72 no início da FC a 1,57 m/s ± 0,80 no final das 20 sessões de GS com p = 0,0424. Para a EEB no início da FC, a média foi de 31,85 pontos ± 12,50 e 42,35 ± 14,25 ao final da intervenção, com p = 0,0096. Conclusão: A terapia robótica da marcha associada à FC mostrou-se eficaz na promoção do equilíbrio e da melhora da velocidade da marcha em indivíduos na fase crônica da LMI.Restoring the ability to walk, especially independently, is one of the goals in the rehabilitation of patients with incomplete spinal cord injury (ISCI). The G-EO System (GS) robotic gait training acts as a reinforcer of the repetitive and specific practice of the gait phases. Objective: Investigate the combined effects of physiotherapy and robotic therapy on gait functionality in relation to balance and gait speed in patients with ISCI. Methods: Retrospective cohort study with 14 patients in the chronic phase of the disease, using the GS as a robotic intervention for gait and stairs, consisting of a 20-session protocol associated with conventional physical therapy. We used the 10-meter Walk Test (10WT) and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant using the Wilcoxon test at the beginning of conventional physical therapy and before and after intervention. Results: At the 10WT, the mean initial velocity ranged from 2.60 m/s ± 1.72 at the beginning of conventional physical therapy to 1.57 m/s ± 0.80 at the end of the 20 GS sessions with p = 0.0424. For BBS at the beginning of conventional physical therapy, the average was 31.85 points ± 12.50, and 42.35 ± 14.25 at the end of the 20 GS sessions, with p = 0.0096. Conclusions: Robotic gait therapy associated with conventional physiotherapy has been shown to be effective in promoting balance and gait speed improvement in individuals in the chronic phase after involvement of incomplete spinal cord injury

O impacto da distanciamento social devido à COVID-19 na prática de atividade física e outros hábitos de crianças brasileiras

Objetivo: Identificar como crianças brasileiras e suas famílias estão mantendo suas rotinas de atividade física, sedentarismo e outros hábitos durante o período de distanciamento social gerado pela pandemia por COVID-19. Verificar mudanças nos hábitos infantis e familiares antes e durante o período de distanciamento social por COVID-19; Verificar hábitos de sono, tempo gasto em telas, AF, atividade intelectual e brincadeiras de crianças brasileiras durante o distanciamento social por COVID-19; Investigar se variáveis como sexo da criança, idade, presença de irmãos, pais trabalhando de maneira remota domiciliar e espaço externo afetam o nível de AF das crianças brasileiras durante o distanciamento social por COVID-19; Investigar se o hábito de realizar AF previamente ao momento de distanciamento social por COVID-19 influencia as rotinas infantis brasileiras durante este período. Métodos: Estudo descritivo cross-seccional, realizado com questionário online com o LimeSurvey e disseminado por 4 meses durante o distanciamento social. Questionário conteve questões sobre composição familiar, características da casa, rotinas das crianças e domésticas, incluindo hábitos como dormir, AF, atividade intelectual, brincar com e sem AF e tempo gasto em telas. Participaram 1179 crianças, distribuídas em quatro grupos (0 a 2 anos, 3 a 5 anos, 6 a 9anos, 10 a 12 anos) e identificadas em termos de idade, sexo e realização de AF prévia ao período da pandemia. Análises com ANOVA foram realizadas para investigar como diferentes atividades foram organizadas e se houve diferença em relação à idade, sexo e a prática prévia de AF programada. Das atividades infantis realizadas, a porcentagem de AF (%AF) foi criada em relação ao período do dia e análise de variância foi realizada para investigar os efeitos das variáveis na %AF, além de análise de regressão. Resultados: Houve diminuição na AF, aumento no uso de telas e atividades familiares. Atividade intelectual aumentou com a idade e foi maior em meninas. Crianças menores dormiram mais durante o distanciamento social do que as mais velhas. Tempo de brincar em telas aumentou com a idade e mais entre os meninos. Houve maior tempo sedentário geral com o aumento da idade e menor tempo de AF geral com o aumento da idade. A %AF diminuiu com o aumento da idade e cresceu com a disponibilidade de espaço externo na casa, sendo estes preditores da %AF. A prática prévia de atividade física programada não gerou diferença nos resultados encontrados entre os grupos nos hábitos analisados. Conclusão: Durante o distanciamento social no Brasil, houve diminuição da AF infantil. O tamanho do espaço externo e idade influenciaram no nível de AF. O distanciamento social impactou similarmente crianças que realizavam AF prévia ou não.Aim: Identify how Brazilian children and their families are maintaining their physical acticity, sedentary and other routines during the period of social distancing by COVID-19; To verify changes in children's and family habits before and during the period of social distancing; To evaluate if the variables child’s sex, age, presence of siblings, parents working remotely, and external space affect the level of physical activity (PA) of Brazilian children during social distancing; To investigate whether the habit of performing PA prior to the moment of social distancing influences Brazilian children's routines during this period. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out with an online questionnaire from LimeSurvey and disseminated for 4 months during social distance. Questionnaire contained questions about family composition, housing characteristics, domestic and children's routines, including habits such as sleeping, PA, intellectual activity, playing with and without PA and time spent on screens. 1179 children participated in the final sample, divided into four groups (0 to 2 years, 3 to 5 five years, 6 to 9 years, 10 to 12 twelve years) and identified in terms of age, children sex and performing or not PA prior to the pandemic period. ANOVA analysis was carried out to investigate how the different activities are being organized and if there are differences in relation to the age group, sex group and previous practice of scheduled PA. From the children’s activities performed, a percentage of physical activity (%PA) was created in relation to the period of one day and an analysis of variance was performed to investigate the effect of variables on %PA, in addition to a regression analysis. Results: There is a decrease in PA, increased use of screens and family activities in the period. Intellectual activity increased over age groups and was higher in girls. Younger children sleep more during social distancing than older children. Play time on screen increases significantly over age and in boys. There is a greater overall sedentary time with increasing age, and shorter time of overall PA with increasing age. The %PA decreases with increasing age, but increases with the availability of external space at home, being it predictors of %PA. The previous practice of scheduled physical activity did not generate any difference in the results found between the groups in relation to the analyzed habits. Conclusion: During social distancing in Brazil, there was a decrease in children's PA. Size of external space and age influence the level of PA. Social distancing similarly impacted children who had previously performed PA or who had notCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)00

Children's Physical Activity During the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Cross Cultural Comparison Between Portugal, Brazil and Italy

The COVID-19 pandemic forced governments to implement measures that disrupted the daily routines of many families worldwide. We studied how the COVID-19 lockdown affected children's routines in Portugal (PT), Brazil (BR), and Italy (IT) to determine if children's age and country impacted their physical activity (PA) and sedentary time. We launched an anonymous online survey to assess how 3-12 years old children adjusted their daily routines to this situation. Parents reported the times each child was engaged in different activities throughout the day, and we used these data to calculate separately overall sedentary and physical activity time. We conducted separate analyses of variance for age and country on the percentage of time spent in the different activities. Results, based on the data from 3045 children in these three countries (PT n = 2044; BR n = 836; IT n = 165), showed that, during lockdown, most children spent most of their awake daily hours in sedentary activities. There was a clear age effect on the way their routines were organized. Percentages of time spent in intellectual activity, playful screen activity, and overall sedentary time were greater in the older age groups, whereas percentages of time spent in play (with and without PA) and in overall PA were greater in the younger groups. We found a main effect of country for all variables except play without PA. The country effect was mainly due to the difference between the routines in BR when compared to PT and IT. Values of playful screen time and overall sedentary activity were higher in BR than in the two European countries. Conversely, values for play with PA, PA, and overall PA (except in the older group) were lower in BR. Patterns of time spent in these activities were similar in IT and PT, but PA and overall PA times were higher in the two younger age groups in IT. In summary, percentage of PA time of confined children was low and decreased with age across all three countries and was particularly low for children in BR relative to those in PT and IT

Effects of robotic intervention associated with conventional therapy on gait speed and resistance and trunk control in stroke patients

Objetivo: Verificar os efeitos do treino de marcha e escada robótica, com o G-EO System, associado à reabilitação convencional, na velocidade e resistência de marcha e controle de tronco de participantes acometidos pelo acidente vascular cerebral (AVC). Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo com 28 participantes na fase crônica da doença. Utilizou-se o G-EO System como intervenção de marcha e escada robótica. Protocolo de 20 sessões de 20 minutos associado à terapia multidisciplinar convencional. Utilizados as ferramentas de Teste de Caminhada de 10 metros(TC10m), Teste de Caminhada de 6 minutos(TC6min) e Escala de Deficiências de Tronco(EDT). Valores de p<0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos com teste de Wilcoxon pré e pós intervenção. Resultados: Encontradas diferenças significativas nos testes. EDT apresentou valor médio inicial de 14.29 (±5.30) e final de 17.04 (±4.49), com p=0.00044. TC10m apresentou velocidade inicial média de 0.498 m/s (±0,27) e final de 0,597 m/s (±0.32), p=0.00008. TC6min apresentou valor inicial médio de 155.89m (±85,96) e final de 195.39m (±109.78), p=0.00152. Conclusão: Terapia de marcha e escada robótica, associada à terapia convencional, foi eficaz para promover aumento na velocidade, resistência e aptidão para maiores distâncias de marcha e controle de tronco nos indivíduos em fase crônica após acometimento de AVC.Objective: To verify the effects of gait and robotic stair training with G-EO System, associated with conventional rehabilitation, on gait speed and endurance and trunk control of stroke participants. Methods: Retrospective study with 28 participants in the chronic phase of the disease. G-EO System was used for gait and stair robotic intervention. 20-session protocol of 20 minutes associated with conventional multidisciplinary therapy. The 10-meter Walk Test (10mWT), 6-minute Walk Test (6MWT) and Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) tools were used. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant with Wilcoxon test before and after intervention. Results: Significant differences found in the tests. TIS presented initial mean value of 14.29 (± 5.30) and final value of 17.04 (± 4.49), with p = 0.00044. 10mWT presented average initial velocity of 0.498 m/s (± 0.27) and final velocity of 0.597 m/s (± 0.32), p = 0.00008. 6mWT presented mean initial value of 155.89m (± 85.96) and final value of 195.39m (± 109.78), p = 0.00152. Conclusion: Gait and stair robotic therapy, associated with conventional therapy, was effective in promoting increased speed, endurance aptitude for greater gait distances and trunk control in individuals with chronic stroke after stroke