Functional polymer layers with protected amines

This work refers to the area of bio-nanotechnology and concerns the selective immobilization of DNA or other bio-template on microstructured gold contacts and which then permit a coordinated cooperation of several of these nanotemplate, e.g., within a microreactor. The immobilization of such nano-objects should be realized through functional thin polymer films which provide binding groups. Thus, the main aim of this work was the development of polymeric materials for thin functional films which permit to deposit on different substrates a wide variation of functional elements or metal structures and to achieve a pattern formation using optical grid methods. In order to realize this concept it was necessary to design and develop a polymer system based on suitable photolabile units and in addition having anchoring groups which attach on specific substrates like gold. In this terpolymer concept was aimed for which consists of three components with particular functions in suitable molar ratios, which allow the tune the properties of the materials, and provide: amino photolabile protected groups for the photolithographic creation of patterned areas with free amino groups, which are available for further modifications like attachment of colloids, metallization or attachment of DNA strands; disulfide derivative anchor groups providing anchoring capacity for gold surface and spacer groups for adjusting the film quality. These multifunctional terpolymers should be synthesised by free radical polymerisation of suitable monomers. Although these techniques are successful, they are limited by their complexity, rigorous synthetic demands, as well as incompatibility with many functional termolabile and highly reactive functionalities. To overcome these difficulties a polymerisation technique based on “living” free radical polymerisation has been used in this work. A highly efficient polymer-analogous modification allows to introduce the functionalities after the polymer construction reaction. The production of suitable prepolymers [poly(styrene-r-4-propargyl-oxystyrene)] was carried out with the help of a controlled synthesis methodology “nitroxide mediate radical polymerization" followed by polymer analogous reaction using one of the most efficient click reactions, the Cu(I) catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between terminal acetylenes and azides to attach further functionalities through the formation of a stable 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazol ring . The combination of nitroxide mediated radical polymerization (NMRP) and click chemistry was used to produce well-defined random copolymer. It could already be shown that also block copolymers can be prepared which give the chance to combine nanostructure formation in block copolymers with special functionality. Thus, the special properties of these functional polymers like the capability for photopatterning and anchoring onto gold substrates make them very interesting for nanotechnology applications.Diese Arbeit bezieht sich auf das Gebiet der Bionanotechnologie und betrifft ein neuartiges Verfahren zur selektiven Immobilisierung der DNA oder anderer Biomoleküle auf mikrostrukturierten Goldkontakten, welche dann ein koordiniertes Zusammenwirken von einzelnen Nanomolekülen ermöglichen, z.B. in einem Mikroreaktor. Die Immobilisierung solcher Nanoobjekte soll durch dünne Funktionsschichten realisiert werden, die die Anbindungsgruppen liefern. Folglich war das Hauptziel dieser Arbeit die Entwicklung von Polymermaterialien für dünne Funktionsschichten, die die Aufbringung einer großen Vielzahl von Funktionselementen oder metallischen Strukturen auf verschiedenen Substraten gestatten und die Strukturierung durch den Einsatz von lithographischen Methoden ermöglichen. Um dieses Konzept zu realisieren, war es notwendig, ein Polymersystem zu gestalten und zu entwickeln, welches auf geeignete photolabile Einheiten basiert und zusätzlich Ankergruppen hat, die mit spezifischen Substraten wie Gold verbunden ist. Dieses Terpolymerkonzept wurde gezielt aus drei Komponenten mit speziellen Funktionen in entsprechenden molaren Verhältnissen gebildet, die eine Abstimmung der Materialeigenschaften ermöglicht und folgendes bereitstellt: photolabile geschützte Aminogruppen für die photolitographische Strukturerzeugung mit freien Aminogruppen, welche für weitere Modifikationen verfügbar sind wie das Anhängen von Kolloiden, die Metallisierung oder Anfügung von DNA-Strängen; disulfide Derivate für die kovalente Anbindung auf der Goldoberfläche und Spacer-Gruppe für Verbesserung der Schichtenbildung. Diese multifunktionalen Terpolymere sollen durch eine freie radikalische Polymerisation von entsprechenden Monomeren synthetisiert werden. Obwohl diese Techniken erfolgreich sind, sind sie eingeschränkt durch ihre Komplexität, den strengen synthetischen Anforderungen, sowie der Inkompatibilität mit vielen funktionalen thermolabilen und hochreaktiven Funktionalitäten. Um diese Schwierigkeiten zu überwinden wurde eine Polymerisationstechnik für diese Arbeit genutzt, die auf der „lebenden“ freien radikalischen Polymerisation basiert. Eine hoch effiziente polymeranaloge Modifizierung erlaubt die Einführung von Funktionalitäten nach der Polymeraufbaureaktion. Die Herstellung von entsprechenden Präpolymeren Poly(Styrol-r-4-Propargyl-oxystyrol) wurde mittels einer kontrollierten Synthesemethodik „Nitroxid-mediated controled radical polymerisation“ (NMRP) durchgeführt, gefolgt von der Polymeranalogreaktion, die eine der effizientesten Click-Reaktion - die Cu(I) katalysierte 1,3-dipolar Cycloaddition von terminalen Alkinen an Aziden nach Huisgen nutzt, um weiter Funktionalitäten durch die Bildung eines stabilen 1,4-disubstituierten-[1,2,3]-Triazolringes anzufügen. Die Kombination von NMRP und Click-Chemie wurde zur Herstellung eines exakt definierten Random Copolymers genutzt. Es konnte bereits gezeigt werden, dass auch Blockcopolymere geschaffen werden können, die eine Möglichkeit zur Kombination von Nanostrukturformationen in Blockcopolymeren mit speziellen Funktionaltäten bieten. Folglich sind die speziellen Eigenschaften dieser Funktionalpolymere wie die Fähigkeit zur Photostrukturierung und Verankerung auf Goldsubstraten für nanotechnologische Anwendungen sehr interessant

Aplicativo para controle de medicamentos

O aumento considerável da população idosa é um fenômeno que vem sendo observado em escala mundial. O processo de envelhecimento naturalmente ocasiona desgastes físicos e cognitivos. Estes desgastes, por sua vez, geram a necessidade do uso de medicamentos de uso contínuo em indivíduos a partir dos 60 anos, que muitas vezes tem dificuldades em se adaptar à nova rotina de tratamentos medicamentosos. O objetivo deste trabalho é a criação de um protótipo de aplicativo para smartphones que auxilie os idosos jovens a se adaptar à nova rotina de gestão medicamentosa. A metodologia do projeto é adaptada de outras duas metodologias: Metodologia para o design de interface de ambiente virtual centrado no usuário e Design Centrado no Ser Humano. A pesquisa realizada para este estudo é feita através de análise de opções similares existentes no mercado, entrevista com possíveis usuários e pesquisa teórica dos assuntos pertinentes ao tema proposto. O trabalho é concluído com produção do projeto do aplicativo proposto.The significant increase in the elderly population is a phenomenon that has been observed worldwide. The aging process naturally causes physical and cognitive decline. This decline, in turn, generates the need for the use of continuous medication in individuals over 60 years of age, who often have difficulties adapting to the new routine of medical treatments. The objective of this work is to create a prototype application for smartphones that helps young elderly to adapt to the new routine of medication management. The project's methodology is adapted from two other methodologies: Methodology for User-Centered Virtual Interface Design and Human-Centered Design. The study research is carried out through the analysis of similar options on the market, interviews with possible users and theoretical research on subjects relevant to the proposed discussion. This work is concluded with the proposed app project development

Relationship of glycogen and lactate concentrations as a pork quality indicator

Muscle metabolites greatly determine pork quality. However, precise threshold values which indicate its deterioration or improvement are not fully known. This study aimed to determine the influences of pork Longissimus lumborum (LL) glycogen and lactate concentrations measured at 45 min post mortem on pH, colour (L*a*b*) and drip loss (DL) measured during 144 hours post mortem in order to prescribe appropriate threshold values. The investigation used 30 gilts and 30 barrows being fattened for slaughter. After slaughter, the carcasses were assigned to groups based on the observed levels of glycogen and lactate: low GlyL with glycogen ≤35 μmol/g, GlyM with glycogen between 35 and 55 μmol/g, GlyH with glycogen >55 μmol/g; LacL with lactate ≤40 μmol/g and LacH with lactate >40 μmol/g. Lower muscle pH was noted up to 24 h post mortem in the LacH group compared to LacL (P ≤0.01). 24 h post mortem higher pH was found in GlyL than in GlyM and GlyH (P ≤0.01), which were similar. Similarly no statistical differences were noted between The GlyM and GlyH groups were also similar in L*, DL96 and DL144, with lower values found for GlyL (P ≤0.01). Compared to LacH, LacL had lower L*, DL48, DL96 and DL144 (P ≤0.01) and higher a* and b* values. Muscle pH, drip loss, L* and a* values were more affected by lactate concentration if the glycogen concentration ≥35 μmol/g muscle tissue. Thus, metabolite concentration may be a useful and valuable indicator of pork quality. Keywords: drip loss, glycolytic resources, pork colour, post-mortem muscle metabolis

An analysis of patterns in the research papers published in the journals Estudos em Design and Design & Tecnologia between 2007 and 2020

Trabalhos focados na investigação de padrões existentes em revistas científicas de uma área específica servem um importante papel no sentido de fornecer um quadro geral da trajetória histórica e interesses de pesquisa naquela área sob a ótica das revistas analisadas. Com base na identificação de uma lacuna neste sentido no contexto nacional relativamente ao campo do design, e seguindo o modelo de trabalhos internacionais semelhantes, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo investigar duas das principais revistas científicas nacionais dedicadas exclusivamente à pesquisa em design – Estudos em Design e Design & Tecnologia – com vistas a obtenção de um panorama dos padrões e tendências nas mesmas. Se valendo da aplicação de técnicas de análise bibliométrica - uma técnica visando quantificar informações escritas a partir da aplicação de modelos matemáticos e estatísticos em bases de dados - e tendo uma linha do tempo da evolução dos programas de pós-graduação em design nacionais como pano de fundo, 459 manuscritos, cobrindo o período de 2007-2020 e organizados ao longo de três recortes de tempo, foram analisados no que concerne padrões de literatura crítica, autores mais citados, produtividade, distribuição geográfica, palavras-chave, temáticas de interesse, e instituição de origem dos autores. Os resultados obtidos são ilustrativos do crescimento e maturação do campo do design no país, visto não apenas em sua expansão geográfica, mas também em termos de volume de produção. As duas revistas analisadas demonstram possuir significativas semelhanças tanto no plano temático como de literatura crítica, revelando também uma valorização da literatura nacional acompanhada de autoreschave como Manzini, Bonsiepe, Löbach e Norman como principais nomes de referência. Os dados também apontam para o eixo Sul-Sudeste como sendo o principal polo de pesquisa em design no país, com destaque para as universidades UFRGS, UFSC, PUC-Rio e UFPR.Research projects focused on investigating patterns in scientific journals of a given field play an important role in providing a general overview of the historical trajectory and research interests of that field through the lenses of the analyzed journals. Based on a perceived research gap on this front when it comes to Brazilian design research, and following the same model adopted in similar international research studies, the present investigation was focused on analyzing two of the most prominent Brazilian design journals exclusively dedicated to design research – Estudos em Design and Design & Tecnologia – aiming at obtaining a panoramic overview of their patterns and tendencies. Relying on bibliometric analysis – a technique for quantifying written information in databases through statistical analysis – while using a timeline of the history of Brazilian design graduate programs as a background, 459 articles, ranging 2007-2020 and organized along three time periods, were analyzed regarding patterns related to core literature, most referenced authors, productivity, geographical distribution, keywords, key themes, and authors’ institution of origin. Our findings provide evidence of the growth and maturation of design research in Brazil, seen not only through geographical expansion, but also in the increasing volume of publication output. The two analyzed journals proved to have significant similarities when it came to thematic interests and core literature, while also displaying a preference towards local literature and specific key authors such as Manzini, Bonsiepe, Löbach e Norman, as main references. Our findings also point towards the South and Southeast parts of Brazil as being the most productive design research centers in the country, with universities such as UFRGS, UFSC, PUC-Rio e UFPR being particularly productive

Glycolytic and energetic resources as the determinants of meat quality of Duroc fatteners

The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of glycolityc and energetical quantities on selected meat quality characteristics of Duroc fatteners. A total of 40 Duroc porkers were investigated. Among two analysed sets of determinants (R1 with glycogen and R1 with lactate) measured in 45 min after slaughter, the best diagnostic value for meat quality characteristics exhibit a set involving R1 and glycogen that composed determination coefficient (RC2) was 0.66 for pH measured in 45 min up to 144 h post mortem. Also, with currently used meat diagnostic methods the most useful one that explains the glycolytic and energetic quantities in the highest degree is method that exploits 5 determinants, i.e. pH1, pH24, EC2, EC24 and L*24. Higher composed determination coefficient and canonical correlation (CR) for this method was obtained for set involving R1 and lactate – 0.41 and 0.64** respectively

PRZEWODNOŚĆ ELEKTRYCZNA MIĘSA WIEPRZOWEGO JAKO WSKAŹNIK JEGO JAKOŚCI

The performed experiments allowed determining to what extent meat electrical conductivity measured at two time intervals (EC90’ and EC24h) may affect significantly the selected pork meat quality parameters. The experimental material comprised 75 carcasses, of which 32 were carcasses derived from hogs of line 990 and 43 were carcasses of Danish hybrid hogs [(L x Y) x Du]. The following parameters were investigated: electrical conductivity (EC90’ and EC24h), thermal drip and water holding capacity content as well as meat texture (tenderness and juiciness). After the assessment of meat electrical conductivity, the obtained results were divided into three groups taking into consideration differences in their values: EC90’: up to 3.50 mS/cm; from 3.51 – 5.00 mS/cm; > 5.00 mS/cm, and EC24h measurement: up to 4.99 mS/cm; from 5.00 – 8.00 mS/cm; > 8.00 mS/cm. It is clear from the performed investigations that measurements of meat electrical conductivity carried out 24 h after the slaughter of animals, in comparison with the measurements taken 90’ after slaughter, was correlated with the examined meat parameters higher degree

Influences of housing systems and slaughter weight on the market realization of slaughter pigs by seurop classification

The aim of the study was to evaluate an influence of housing technology and slaughter weight of slaughter pigs on realization with SEUROP system. Slaughter pigs of hybrid combination (Czech Large White x Czech Landrace) x Duroc were studied for reasons of an experiment. Analysed were 733 pigs. Slaughter pigs fattened on deep-bedded pens reached higher slaughter weight, higher back fat thickness, higher muscle deep, higher price per 1 kg of slaughter weight in comparison with pigs on slatted floor pens, but on the contrary they reached a lower portion of lean meat. These data were determined in pigs on deep-bedded pens: 117.58 kg slaughter weight, 16.78 mm of back fat thickness, 61.30 mm of muscle deep, 55.53 % of lean meat portion and price 32.15 Kč per 1 kg of slaughter weight. These data were determined in pigs reared on slatted floor pens: 110.82 kg slaughter weight, 14.38 mm of back fat thickness, 56.67 mm of muscle deep, 57.11 % of lean meat portion and price 31.86 Kč per 1 kg of slaughter weight. A statistical conclusive difference on a level of importance P LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO 0.01 was found between pigs bred on deep-bedded pens and on slatted floor pens in traits slaughter weight, back fat thickness, muscle deep and meatiness. From experiment it is obvious that for 1 kg of slaughter weight in all business classes SEUROP higher price was in pigs fattened on deep-bedded pens in comparison with pigs fattened on slatted floor pens.O

Efficacy of home-based physical activity interventions in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: Physical activity (PA) has been receiving increasing interest in recent years as an adjuvant therapy for autoimmune rheumatic disease (ARDs), but there is scarce information about the efficacy of home-based PA for patients with ARDs. Objective: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of home-based physical activity (PA) interventions in improving health-related quality of life, functional capacity, pain, and disease activity in patients with ARDs. Methods: Searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, CINAHL database and Sport Discus. Trials were considered eligible if they included a home-based physical activity intervention. The population included adults with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, systemic sclerosis and ankylosing spondylitis), comparisons included non-physical activity control or centre-based interventions (i.e., interventions performed on a specialized exercise centre) and the outcomes were quality of life, pain, functional capacity, disease activity and inflammation. Results: Home-based physical activity improved quality of life (p<0.01; g = 0.69; IC95%, 0.61 to 1.07) and functional capacity (p = 0.04; g = - 0.51; IC95%, -0.86; -0.16), and reduced disease activity (p = 0.03; g = - 0.60; IC95%, -1.16; -0.04) and pain (p = 0.01; g = -1.62; IC95%, -2.94 to -0.31) compared to the non-physical activity control condition. Additionally, home-based physical activity interventions were as effective as centre-based interventions for all investigated outcomes. Conclusion: Home-based PA is an efficacious strategy to improve disease control and aleviate symptoms in ARD

Limited granulomatosis with polyangiitis in an adolescent with Crohn's disease on infliximab therapy: cause or coincidence?

Pulmonary involvement in Crohn's disease (CD) may precede the development of intestinal inflammation, but in most cases occurs during the course of treatment, either as an extra‐intestinal manifestation, because of secondary infections, or as a side effect of the therapy itself. This case highlights the differential diagnosis and work up for multiple pulmonary nodules that developed in a patient with CD who had been in remission on infliximab therapy. Even though infectious causes, such as Mycobacteria and Fungi, account for majority of these cases, the possibility of non‐infectious conditions such as autoimmune disorders should also be considered.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/115908/1/crj12168.pd

Effects of physical activity on vascular function in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives: To summarize existing evidence and quantify the effects of physical activity on vascular function and structure in autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs). Methods: Databases were searched (through March 2020) for clinical trials evaluating the effects of physical activity interventions on markers of micro- and macrovascular function and macrovascular structure in ARDs. Studies were combined using random effects meta-analysis, which was conducted using Hedges' g. Meta-analyses were performed on each of the following outcomes: microvascular function [i.e. skin blood flow or vascular conductance responses to acetylcholine (ACh) or sodium nitropusside (SNP) administration]; macrovascular function [i.e. brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD%) or brachial responses to glyceryl trinitrate (GTN%); and macrovascular structure [i.e. aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV)]. Results: Ten studies (11 trials) with a total of 355 participants were included in this review. Physical activity promoted significant improvements in microvascular [skin blood flow responses to ACh, g = 0.92 (95% CI 0.42, 1.42)] and macrovascular function [FMD%, g = 0.94 (95% CI 0.56, 1.02); GTN%, g = 0.53 (95% CI 0.09, 0.98)]. Conversely, there was no evidence for beneficial effects of physical activity on macrovascular structure [PWV, g = -0.41 (95% CI -1.13, 0.32)]. Conclusions: Overall, the available clinical trials demonstrated a beneficial effect of physical activity on markers of micro- and macrovascular function but not on macrovascular structure in patients with ARDs. The broad beneficial impact of physical activity across the vasculature identified in this review support its role as an effective non-pharmacological management strategy for patients with ARDs