Glucose Content of Sago Waste After Chloride Acid Pre- Treatment Hydrolysis For Bioethanol Production

Indonesia is a country with abundant agricultural biological resources. One of the plants as a biological source is sago. Sago processing wastes such as bark and waste about 72%. Jepara district has rich sago waste, piled on the side of the road and the river so it is very disturbing. In generally, sago industrial wastes utilization is still lacking, especially as a source of energy. Sago waste consists mainly of cellulose and has the potential to be processed into bioethanol. Glucose contained in cellulosic biomass is the main ingredient in the manufacture of bioethanol and need to know the glucose content after of sago waste cellulose hydrolysis process to determine the highest amount of ethanol. This study aims to determine the glucose content of sago wastewater using acid catalysis with different concentrations of the hydrolysis process, and to know the appropriate concentration of acid to produce the highest glucose and bioethanol in all type of waste. The result showed that type of waste had no effect on glucose content. Glucose content of sago waste showed no difference between the effect of chlorida acid concentration with glucose content. However, hydrolysis at concentration tends to produce the highest glucose

Monitoring Dan Evaluasi IKM Tekstil Dan Produk Tekstil Di Kota Bandung

Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) as a part of the national industrial sector has a critical influence in developing economic, social and political state of Indonesia. Therefore, the government has issued many policies, programs, and activities to enhance the development of SMEs. The absence of an online information system that shows the development of the SME cause the government has difficulty in overseeing the development of SMEs. Difficulties experienced by the government due to lack of information also in line with Law No. 3 of 2014 on Industry, precisely on Article 64 which stated that the industry is obligated to submit industry data that are accurate, complete, and timely periodically to the Minister, governors and regents/mayors. Therefore, the industry, in particular Small and Medium Enterprise (SME), requires a web-based information system that will be a tool that can be used by industry to facilitate the reporting of industrial activities. Therefore, this research aimed to develop a web- based information system for SMEs Sentra Textiles and textile products (TPT) in West Java. The system will contain information about the condition and position of SMEs Sentra Textiles and textile products (TPT) in Bandung, West Java. In addition to preparing an information system, this research will conduct an analysis of the current condition of SMEs to be taken into consideration in making the SME development strategy

Metamorphosis Induction of the Dog Conch Strombus canarium (Gastropoda: Strombidae) Using Cues Associated with Conch Nursery Habitat

Strombus canarium is a commercially important gastropod that has great potential for advancement into aquaculture. In this study, the metamorphosis response of Strombus canarium larvae to various metamorphosis cues associated with conch nursery habitat and to KCl and GABA, were tested. Bioassays were run as static, no choice experiment and adopting a continuous exposure approach. Strombus canarium larvae showed strong metamorphosis responses when sediment (i.e., conch nursery habitat sediment/SD-NU) and detrital substrata (i.e., Thalassia detritus leachate/T-LC) from their nursery habitat were used (p<0.05). There was no metamorphosis in treatments using sterilized conch nursery habitat sediment (SD-ST) and sediment taken from outside conch nursery habitat (SD-OT). Experiments using fresh macrophyte blades of Enhalus acoroides (EA), Thalassia hemprichii (TH), Halophila ovalis (HA) and Ulva (UL) and adult conditioned seawater (SD-SW) also showed negative respond. Conch larvae demonstrate active habitat selection during metamorphosis and no spontaneous metamorphosis was observed. Settlement in S. canarium is associative in nature where epibionts associated with conch nursery habitat could be the cue for the metamorphosis. However, the specific epibionts/inducers and mechanisms underlining the process were not studied and therefore are subjected to more detailed investigation. The use of KCl was comparable with treatments using natural inducers (SD-NU and T-LC), thus was suggested for application in hatchery spat production of the species

Partial Discharge Monitoring System on High Voltage Equipments using Electroacoustic Technique

Partial discharge (PD) monitoring system is considered as one of the most promising solutions for monitoring and detecting possible faults. PD is able to diagnose faults within the system in the most fundamental and simplest way. PD monitoring and measurement of high voltage equipment substations panel and power transformers have not gained the same attention in the electrical community as compared to those of rotating machines. PD tests are conducted on-site to verify the insulation of bushings, termination box and windings. The cost of an unexpected outage may be considerably more significant for a high voltage substation panel and power transformers system than just for a single motor failure. In this research, the electroacoustic PD monitoring technique is used, which is a combination of internal PD detection and ultrasound or surface PD detection was used. The testing equipment which will be used in this research is UltraTEV Plus+ equipment from EA Technology. Result shows the transient earth voltage (TEV) PD magnitude fluctuates with time. Significant high value of PD magnitude (&gt; 19 dB) was detected and recorded at several switchgear panel and transformer. However, for the ultrasound or surface PD, from the monitoring and measurement record, no detection of PD signal was recorded at the UltraTEV Plus+ testing equipmen

The epifaunal marine bivalves and macrophytes in Merambong Shoal, Pulai River Estuary, Straits of Malacca

The study was carried out to investigate the diversity of epifaunal bivalves in Merambong seagrass bed, Pulai River Estuary. The sample collection field trips started from May 2008 to July 2009, 18 transects (from six stations) have been laid perpendicularly along the elongated shoal during lowest low spring tide. A total of 15 species from 10 bivalve families were recorded throughout the study period. Young Anadara gubernaculum attached to Enhalus ecoroides showed the highest abundance throughout the seagrass bed. Veneridae is the most diverse family with four species recorded during the study followed by 2 species each for Mytilidae and Pinnidae. Negative correlation was observed between Circe scripta abundance and Ulva spp. coverage (r 2 =-0.829, P= 0.042). Station 4 (H'=1.2137; 1-D=0.5807; S=10) and Station 6 (H'=1.5279; 1-D=0.6696; S=13) have higher bivalve diversity and species richness, and are more heterogeneous compared to other stations. However, bivalve density was relatively lower in both stations 4 and 6 than the rest of the stations. The result of this study revealed that the coverage of macrophytes plays an important role in determining the density and distribution of epifaunal bivalves

Self-esteem and its associated factors among secondary school students in Klang District, Selangor.

Self-esteem is an important determinant of psychological well-being that is particularly problematic during adolescent life stage. There is a correlation between low self-esteem and other social problems among today's adolescents. This study was conducted to determine the mean self-esteem score, and to determine the association between self-esteem and age, sex, race, religion, number of siblings, ranking among siblings, family function, parental marital status and smoking among adolescents aged 12 to 20-years-old. A cross sectional study design using random cluster sampling method was done. Four out of a total of 35 secondary schools in Klang District, Selangor were selected. Respondents consisted of individual students in selected classes from the four selected schools. Data was collected using a self-administered, structured, pre-tested questionnaire and was analyzed using the SPSS version 12.0. Out of 1089 respondents, 793 completed the questionnaire (response rate 73.82%). The overall mean self-esteem score was 27.65. The mean self-esteem score for males (27.99) was slightly higher than females (27.31). The differences in the mean scores by race were statistically significant. There was a statistically significant relationship between mean self-esteem scores and sex, age, race, religion, number of siblings, smoking and family function. There was no statistically significant difference between mean self-esteem score with parental marital status and with ranking among siblings. The overall mean self-esteem score was 27.65. Self-esteem was associated with sex, age, race, religion, number of siblings, smoking and family function

Evaluation of residential grid-connected photovoltaic system as the potential energy source in Malaysia

Application of solar energy in Malaysia has been started in 1998. This country has a large potential of solar energy due to its location at equatorial region. The current energy consumption and demand in Malaysia is describes in this paper. The potential of solar energy in Malaysia is described together with the suitable photovoltaic construction. It also explains the plans conducted by Malaysia involving solar energy that covers investments and also projects involved such as Malaysia Building Integrated Photovoltaic (MBIPV). Simulation of grid-connected photovoltaic system in this study is performed using HOMER software. Finally, the potential of having a grid-connected PV system in a residential area is analyzed. The positive and negative findings in terms of cost and suitability of the system are explained

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer Augmentation Using Al2o3-Ethylene Glycol Nanofluids Under Turbulent Flows in a Flat Tube

A study of computational fluid dynamics has been conducted to study the characteristics of the heat transfer and friction factor of Al2O3/Ethylene glycol-water nanofluid flowing inside flat tube. The three dimensional realizable k?e turbulent model with an enhanced wall treatment was utilized. The evaluation of the overall performance of the tested tube was predicated on the thermo-hydrodynamic performance index. The obtained results showed that the difference in behaviour depending on the parameter that has been selected to compare the nanofluid with the base fluid. In addition, the friction factor and the heat transfer coefficient increases with an increase of the nanoparticles volume concentration at the same Reynolds number. The penalty of pressure drop is negligible with an increase of the volume concentration of nanoparticles. Conventional correlations that have been used in turbulent flow regime to predict average heat transfer and friction factor are Dittus-Boelter and Blasius correlations, for tubes are also valid for the tested nanofluids which consider that the nanofluids have a homogeneous fluid behaviour

Potential of Residential Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System as the Future Energy Source in Malaysia

Malaysia has started the implementation of solarenergy harvesting in 1998. Located at equatorial region, Malaysia hasa large potential for solar energy. This paper examines the currentenergy consumption and demand in Malaysia. The potential of solarenergy harvesting in Malaysia is described together with the suitablephotovoltaic construction. It also explains the plans conducted byMalaysia involving solar energy that covers investments and alsoprojects involved such as Malaysia Building Integrated Photovoltaic(MBIPV). Finally, this paper analyses the potential of having a gridconnectedPV system in a residential area. The positive and negativefindings in terms of cost and suitability of the system are explaine