Simultaneous determine of Doppler shift and group delay time using amplitude modulated chirp-signal

New method of the simultaneous measurement of the frequency dependencies of Doppler shift and group delay time of separate ionosphere modes by means of amplitude modulated chirp signal is presented in this paper. The algorithms of data processing are presented.Представлено новий метод одночасного вимірювання частотних залежностей допплерівського зсуву і часу групової затримки окремих іоносферних мод з використанням безперервного ЛЧМ сигналу з амплітудною модуляцією. Наведено порядок обробки даних під час вимірювання

Numerical thermodynamic analysis of alloys for plasma electronics and advanced technologies

Thermodynamic properties (pressure, specific internal energy and entropy) of the ionized gas mixture are obtained on the basis of the Thomas-Fermi theory and Saha model. The calculations was made for the lithium-indium alloy (Li + 10% In), which has various applications in plasma electronics and technology.Термодинамічні властивості (тиск, питома внутрішня енергія і ентропія) суміші іонізованих газів отримані на основі теорії Томаса-Фермі та моделі Саха. Розрахунки були зроблені для сплаву літій-індій (Li + 10%In), який має різні застосування в плазмових технологіях.Термодинамические свойства (давление, удельная внутренняя энергия и энтропия) смеси ионизованных газов получены на основе теории Томаса-Ферми и модели Саха. Расчеты были сделаны для сплава литий-индий (Li + 10%In), который имеет различные применения в плазменных технологиях

Application of Thomas-Fermi model to evaluation of thermodynamic properties of magnetized plasma

The aim of this work is the evaluation of thermodynamic and transport properties of fusion plasmas in an externally applied strong magnetic field (10…103 T). For these purpose the Thomas-Fermi model for substances with a given temperature and density was used. The effect of such strong magnetic field on the transport properties of plasmas and the view of the inner shells of atoms and ions was analyzed. Isotherms of the pressure and the specific internal energy of the tungsten plasma are obtained. Quantum and exchange corrections to the pressure of this plasma have been taken into account.Определены термодинамические и транспортные свойства термоядерной плазмы, находящейся в сильном внешнем магнитном поле (10…1000 Тл). Для этой цели использовалась модель Томаса-Ферми для веществ с заданным температурой и плотностью. Проанализировано действие сильного магнитного поля на транспортные свойства плазмы и вид внутренних оболочек атомов и ионов. Построены изотермы давления, удельной внутренней энергии и энтропии плазмы вольфрама. Учтены квантовые и обменные поправки к давлению плазмы.Визначено термодинамічні і транспортні властивості термоядерної плазми, що знаходиться в сильному зовнішньому магнітному полі (10...1000 Тл). Для цієї мети використовувалася модель Томаса-Фермі для речовин із заданною температурою і щільністю. Проаналізовано дію сильного магнітного поля на транспортні властивості плазми і вид внутрішніх оболонок атомів і іонів. Побудовані ізотерми тиску, питомої внутрішньої енергії і ентропії плазми вольфраму. Враховані квантові і обмінні поправки до тиску плазми

Ionospheric Effects of a Solar Eclipse of March 20, 2015 on Oblique Sounding Paths in the Eurasian Longitudinal Sector

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York.The results of measuring HF signals on oblique chirp sounding paths in the Eurasian region during a solar eclipse of March 20, 2015 and the neighboring days are presented. The solar eclipse took place against the background of a strong magnetic storm. It was established that during the solar eclipse on oblique sounding paths of different length and orientation the decrease in the maximum observable frequency for the F mode (MOF-F) and the lowest observable frequency for the F mode (LOF-F) was 8–14% and 22–33%, respectively. During the eclipse, the signal amplitude increased by 3–5 dB. On the Lovozero—Nizhny Novgorod path in the maximum phase of the solar eclipse, the electron density decrease in the ionospheric E and F2 layers at the midpoint of the path reached 37% and 22%, respectively. According to the MOF and LOF variation measurements for various modes, the group delay time of radio signals, and the results of spectral analysis, it was found that in the eclipse there were wave disturbances with a period of 25 to 50 min. However, quasi-periodic variations of MOF-F and LOF-F having a a period of 50 to 80 min but which started before the eclipse were detected on some paths. Probably, in these cases, the variations were a result of the superposition of disturbances from two sources, namely, the magnetic storm and the solar eclipse

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ РОССИИ

The experience in the fi eld of public sector management of the economy, shows the shortcomings identified issues and proposed recommendations to increase the participation of the state in economic development through the expansion of the public sector and the use of innovative industrial policy. The system of economic institutions is recorded in all sectors of the economy. Therefore, the newly formed market institutions are faced with malfunctioning of economic mechanisms and poorly rooted in society. Goal / task. The purpose of this article is to search for the optimal model of management of state sector of economy taking into account modern shortcomings with the purpose of increase of efficiency of activity of economic subjects. The task of this article is to investigate the system of state management of economy in conditions of the worsening economic situation, as well as the search for the optimal model of management of economy of the state. Methodology. In conducting this study the main sources of baseline data were the materials of the state statistics, the works of famous economists. The basis of methodological developments based on comparative methods of analysis. Results. As a result of conducted analysis draws conclusions and makes recommendations aimed at reforming the domestic economy. Conclusions / significance. In the current economic conditions of the state and the new economic realities it is necessary to focus on attracting domestic capital in the Russian economy with the aim of increasing its effectiveness, as well as the analysis of the modern privatisation.В статье рассмотрен опыт в области управления государственным сектором экономики, показаны недостатки, выявлены проблемы и предложены рекомендации по расширению участия государства в экономическом развитии на основе расширения госсектора и использования инновационной промышленной политики. Неупорядоченность экономических институтов фиксируется во всех сферах хозяйства. Поэтому вновь образованные рыночные институты сталкиваются с плохо работающими экономическими механизмами и плохо укореняются в обществе. Цель / задачи. Целью статьи является поиск оптимальной модели управления государственным сектором экономики с учетом современных недостатков с целью повышения эффективности деятельности экономических субъектов. Задачи статьи: исследовать систему государственного управления экономикой в условиях ухудшающейся экономической ситуации, а также изучить и рассмотреть выбор наиболее оптимальной модели управления экономикой государства. Методология. При проведении настоящего исследования основными источниками исходных данных послужили материалы государственной статистики, труды известных экономистов. В основу методических разработок положены сравнительные методы анализа. Результаты. В результате проведенного анализа делаются выводы и рекомендации, направленные на реформирование отечественной экономики. Выводы / значимость. В современных экономических условиях государства и новых экономических реалий необходимо сделать акцент на привлечение отечественных капиталов в российскую экономику с целью повышения эффективности её работы, а также делается анализ современной приватизации

Impact of a Strong Magnetic Storm and Two X-Ray Flares on the Ionospheric HF Channel in the Summer Solstice of 2015 According to Oblique Sounding in the Eurasian Region

© 2017, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. We present the results of observations of the impact a strong magnetic storm and two X-ray flares in the summer solstice of 2015 on the HF signal characteristics during oblique sounding of the ionosphere in the Eurasian region. It was found that the negative phase of the magnetic storm led to a strong degradation of the ionospheric channel, up to a long blackout on the paths adjacent to the subauroral latitudes. On the midlatitude paths, a decrease in the maximum observable frequency of the F layer reached 50% with respect to the average values for an undisturbed ionosphere. The propagation velocity of the negative phase of a disturbance from the subauroral to the midlatitude ionosphere is determined (it is equal to about 100 m/s). It is shown that during a magnetic storm the least observable frequency and the average signal-to-noise ratio for the propagation mode via the sporadic E s layer correlate well with the auroral AE index. Anomalous signals were detected in the main phase of the magnetic storm on the Cyprus—Rostov-on-Don path when a chirp ionosonde–radio direction finder was operated in the over-the-horizon HF radar mode. On the basis of modeling and comparison with experimental data, it is shown that the anomalous signals are due to scattering of radio waves by small-scale irregularities located in the subauroral ionospheric F region

Impact of a Strong Magnetic Storm and Two X-Ray Flares on the Ionospheric HF Channel in the Summer Solstice of 2015 According to Oblique Sounding in the Eurasian Region

© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC We present the results of observations of the impact a strong magnetic storm and two X-ray flares in the summer solstice of 2015 on the HF signal characteristics during oblique sounding of the ionosphere in the Eurasian region. It was found that the negative phase of the magnetic storm led to a strong degradation of the ionospheric channel, up to a long blackout on the paths adjacent to the subauroral latitudes. On the midlatitude paths, a decrease in the maximum observable frequency of the F layer reached 50% with respect to the average values for an undisturbed ionosphere. The propagation velocity of the negative phase of a disturbance from the subauroral to the midlatitude ionosphere is determined (it is equal to about 100 m/s). It is shown that during a magnetic storm the least observable frequency and the average signal-to-noise ratio for the propagation mode via the sporadic E s layer correlate well with the auroral AE index. Anomalous signals were detected in the main phase of the magnetic storm on the Cyprus—Rostov-on-Don path when a chirp ionosonde–radio direction finder was operated in the over-the-horizon HF radar mode. On the basis of modeling and comparison with experimental data, it is shown that the anomalous signals are due to scattering of radio waves by small-scale irregularities located in the subauroral ionospheric F region

Impact of heliogeophysical disturbances on ionospheric HF channels

© 2017 COSPAR. The article presents the results of the observation of a strong magnetic storm and two X-ray flares during the summer solstice in 2015, and their impact on the HF signals characteristics in ionospheric oblique sounding. It was found that the negative phase of the magnetic storm led to a strong degradation of the ionospheric channel, ultimately causing a long blackout on paths adjacent to subauroral latitudes. On mid-latitude paths, the decrease in 1FMOF reached ∼50% relative to the average values for the quiet ionosphere. It is shown that the propagation conditions via the sporadic Es layer during the magnetic storm on a subauroral path are substantially better than those for F-mode propagation via the upper ionosphere. The delay of the sharp decrease in 1FMOF during the main phase of the magnetic storm allowed us to determine the propagation velocity of the negative phase disturbances (∼100. m/s) from subauroral to mid-latitude ionosphere along two paths: Lovozero - Yoshkar-Ola and Cyprus - Nizhny Novgorod. It is shown that both the LOF and the signal/noise ratio averaged over the frequency band corresponding to the propagation mode via the sporadic Es layer correlate well with the auroral AE index. Using an over-the-horizon chirp radar with a bistatic configuration on the Cyprus - Rostov-on-Don path, we located small-scale scattering irregularities responsible for abnormal signals in the region of the equatorial boundary of the auroral oval

Measure of frequency dependences of Doppler frequency shift and spread time of each ionospheric mode with help of continuous LFM signal

It is considered a method for definition of frequency dependences of group delay time and Doppler frequency shift of short wave propagation separate modes, based on radiosignal probing by means of two continuous linearly frequency modulated signals, which are shifted on time period T, with identical irradiation parameters, and corresponding manipulation in a receiver. Estimations of measuring accuracy are shown. Proposed method application allows to increase self-descriptiveness of health monitoring systems for ionospheric radio communication lines by LFM signal