Ethno-Medicinal Profile of Different Plant Parts of Clotropis procera (AIt.) R. Br.

The present paper reviews the literature on recent ethno medicinal uses of every plant part of Calotropis procera (1968-2009) and its medicinal properties used for the treatment of various ailments as in the case of many types of fevers, rheumatism, indigestion, cough, cold, eczema, asthma, elephantiasis, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, etc. The review includes accounts of medicinal values of all parts of the plant that have been used in folk medicine as a remedy. The name and parts of the plant studied, the spectrum of activity, and methods used are discussed in this review paper

End-to-End Localization and Ranking for Relative Attributes

We propose an end-to-end deep convolutional network to simultaneously localize and rank relative visual attributes, given only weakly-supervised pairwise image comparisons. Unlike previous methods, our network jointly learns the attribute's features, localization, and ranker. The localization module of our network discovers the most informative image region for the attribute, which is then used by the ranking module to learn a ranking model of the attribute. Our end-to-end framework also significantly speeds up processing and is much faster than previous methods. We show state-of-the-art ranking results on various relative attribute datasets, and our qualitative localization results clearly demonstrate our network's ability to learn meaningful image patches.Comment: Appears in European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), 201

Partial instantiation methods for inference in first-order logic

Satisfiability algorithms for propositional logic have improved enormously in recently years. This improvement increases the attractiveness of satisfiability methods for first-order logic that reduce the problem to a series of ground-level satisfiability problems. R. Jeroslow introduced a partial instantiation method of this kind that differs radically from the standard resolution-based methods. This paper lays the theoretical groundwork for an extension of his method that is general enough and efficient enough for general logic programming with indefinite clauses. In particular we improve Jeroslow's approach by (1) extending it to logic with functions, (2) accelerating it through the use of satisfiers, as introduced by Gallo and Rago, and (3) simplifying it to obtain further speedup. We provide a similar development for a dual partial instantiation approach defined by Hooker and suggest a primal-dual strategy. We prove correctness of the primal and dual algorithms for full first-order logic with functions, as well as termination on unsatisfiable formulas. We also report some preliminary computational results

Iron meteorite fall at Bhuka village, Barmer District, Rajasthan

This article does not have an abstract

A Quantum Mechanical Model of Spherical Supermembranes

We present a quantum mechanical model of spherical supermembranes. Using superfields to represent the cartesian coordinates of the membrane, we are able to exactly determine its supersymmetric vacua. We find there are two classical vacua, one corresponding to an extended membrane and one corresponding to a point-like membrane. For the ${\mathcal N} = 2$ case, instanton effects then lift these vacua to massive states. For the ${\mathcal N} = 4$ case, there is no instanton tunneling, and the vacua remain massless. Similarities to spherical supermembranes as giant gravitons and in Matrix theory on pp-waves is discussed.Comment: 9 page

Coarse grained description of the protein folding

We consider two- and three-dimensional lattice models of proteins which were characterized previously. We coarse grain their folding dynamics by reducing it to transitions between effective states. We consider two methods of selection of the effective states. The first method is based on the steepest descent mapping of states to underlying local energy minima and the other involves an additional projection to maximally compact conformations. Both methods generate connectivity patterns that allow to distinguish between the good and bad folders. Connectivity graphs corresponding to the folding funnel have few loops and are thus tree-like. The Arrhenius law for the median folding time of a 16-monomer sequence is established and the corresponding barrier is related to easily identifiable kinetic trap states.Comment: REVTeX, 9 pages, 15 EPS figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Folding in two-dimenensional off-lattice models of proteins

Model off-lattice sequences in two dimensions are constructed so that their native states are close to an on-lattice target. The Hamiltonian involves the Lennard-Jones and harmonic interactions. The native states of these sequences are determined with a high degree of certainty through Monte Carlo processes. The sequences are characterized thermodynamically and kinetically. It is shown that the rank-ordering-based scheme of the assignment of contact energies typically fails in off-lattice models even though it generates high stability of on-lattice sequences. Similar to the on-lattice case, Go-like modeling, in which the interaction potentials are restricted to the native contacts in a target shape, gives rise to good folding properties. Involving other contacts deteriorates these properties.Comment: REVTeX, 9 pages, 8 EPS figure

Direct Evidence of Multi-Bubble Sonoluminescence using Therapeutic Ultrasound and Microbubbles

The intense conditions generated in the core of a collapsing bubble have been the subject of intense scrutiny from fields as diverse as marine biology and nuclear fusion. In particular, the phenomenon of sonoluminescence, whereby a collapsing bubble emits light, has received significant attention. Sonoluminescence has been associated predominantly with millimeter-sized bubbles excited at low frequencies and under conditions far removed from those associated with the use of ultrasound in medicine. In this study, however, we demonstrate that sonoluminescence is produced under medically relevant exposure conditions by microbubbles commonly used as contrast agents for ultrasound imaging. This provides a mechanistic explanation for the somewhat controversial reports of “sonodynamic” therapy, in which light-sensitive drugs have been shown to be activated by ultrasound-induced cavitation. To illustrate this, we demonstrate the activation of a photodynamic therapy agent using microbubbles and ultrasound. Since ultrasound can be accurately focused at large tissue depths, this opens up the potential for generating light at locations that cannot be reached by external sources. This could be exploited both for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, significantly increasing the range of applications that are currently restricted by the limited penetration of light in the tissue

JAMI: a Java library for molecular interactions and data interoperability.

BACKGROUND: A number of different molecular interactions data download formats now exist, designed to allow access to these valuable data by diverse user groups. These formats include the PSI-XML and MITAB standard interchange formats developed by Molecular Interaction workgroup of the HUPO-PSI in addition to other, use-specific downloads produced by other resources. The onus is currently on the user to ensure that a piece of software is capable of read/writing all necessary versions of each format. This problem may increase, as data providers strive to meet ever more sophisticated user demands and data types. RESULTS: A collaboration between EMBL-EBI and the University of Cambridge has produced JAMI, a single library to unify standard molecular interaction data formats such as PSI-MI XML and PSI-MITAB. The JAMI free, open-source library enables the development of molecular interaction computational tools and pipelines without the need to produce different versions of software to read different versions of the data formats. CONCLUSION: Software and tools developed on top of the JAMI framework are able to integrate and support both PSI-MI XML and PSI-MITAB. The use of JAMI avoids the requirement to chain conversions between formats in order to reach a desired output format and prevents code and unit test duplication as the code becomes more modular. JAMI's model interfaces are abstracted from the underlying format, hiding the complexity and requirements of each data format from developers using JAMI as a library

Epidemiology of Bovine Mastitis and Its Diagnosis, Prevention, and Control

Mastitis is an inflammation of mammary glands that is prevalent in dairy bovines. It causes a significant proportion of economic losses to the dairy farmers in India. Cattle and buffalo farming contribute significantly to the economy of the state. Various infectious agents such as bacteria, fungi, and algae may cause mastitis. Hence, it is essential to understand the etiological agents and predisposing factors that lead to mastitis in susceptible bovine populations in Madhya Pradesh state so that appropriate prevention and control strategies can be implemented. In this chapter, epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and control measures of mastitis in general and in India, the state of Madhya Pradesh, in particular, will be presented