An exploration of masculinity, social support and depression in new and experienced fathers

Objective This study aimed to explore the relationship between masculinity, perceived social support and depression symptomology in the postpartum period in new and experienced fathers. Design Cross-sectional questionnaire study. Participants A total of 118 first- and second-time fathers (N = 48) of infants aged under 12-months, currently residing in the United Kingdom. Measurements and Findings Questionnaires consisted of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Data were analysed through inferential statistics. Key Conclusions Masculine norms of self-reliance and primacy of work were positively related to depression symptomology in both father groups. Perceived social support was negatively related to depression symptomology. Further analyses revealed significant effects regarding partner health status and depression symptomology. No significant differences were found between presentation of first- and second-time fathers. Implications for Practice Main findings support partners as a part of the family unit. Findings have implications for midwives in that an increased understanding of these factors in early fatherhood could improve family outcomes

Observation of hard scattering in photoproduction events with a large rapidity gap at HERA

Events with a large rapidity gap and total transverse energy greater than 5 GeV have been observed in quasi-real photoproduction at HERA with the ZEUS detector. The distribution of these events as a function of the $\gamma p$ centre of mass energy is consistent with diffractive scattering. For total transverse energies above 12 GeV, the hadronic final states show predominantly a two-jet structure with each jet having a transverse energy greater than 4 GeV. For the two-jet events, little energy flow is found outside the jets. This observation is consistent with the hard scattering of a quasi-real photon with a colourless object in the proton.Comment: 19 pages, latex, 4 figures appended as uuencoded fil

Provenance, transport and composition of Dendê Coast beach sands in Bahia, central coast of Brazil

The great physiographic diversity of the Dendê Coast favors the production of different beach sediment types, including bioclastic components. In this study 74 beach samples collected at 2 km intervals were used to evaluate beach sediment composition. For each sample, 300 grains were identified for each grain size class coarser than 0.125 mm, using a binocular microscope. The beach sediments of the Dendê Coast are essentially siliciclastic (80-100%). Quartz is the major component (70-100%). Only at the Tinharé and Boipeba islands bioclasts are major components of beach sands reaching up to 80-100%. These sediments are made up essentially of fragments of Halimeda, reaching percentages up to 70%. Coralline algae and mollusks also contribute significantly to these sediments (up to 30%). The results obtained show that the spatial distribution of the bioclastic components provide important information on the environmental conditions present at the shoreline (energy levels, availability of hard substrates and protected areas, pattern of sediment dispersion) and on the sediment sources as well. The composition of the beach sediments on the Dendê Coast reflects the present day environmental conditions and show that these sediments do not experience significant lateral transport. This situation is favored by an impeded longshore transport that characterizes most of the region. Although, in general, the rivers that discharge on the Dendê Coast appear to transport few sediments to the coastal zone, the presence of heavy minerals, micas and feldspars suggests river contributions to the beach sediments. On the other hand, the coral and coralline algae reefs, besides offering a natural protection to the shoreline, also represent an important source of beach sands.A grande diversidade fisiográfica da Costa do Dendê favorece a deposição de diferentes tipos de sedimentos em suas praias, inclusive sedimentos ricos em carbonato de cálcio. Neste estudo 86 amostras de sedimento foram coletadas, em intervalos de 2 km, para avaliação da composição dos sedimentos praiais. Para cada amostra foram identificados 300 grãos por fração granulométrica maior que 0.125mm, usando uma lupa binocular. Os sedimentos das praias da Costa do Dendê são essencialmente siliciclásticos (80 -100%). O quartzo é o principal componente (70 -100%). Apenas nas ilhas de Tinharé e Boipeba, os bioclastos são os principais componentes alcançando teores entre 80 e 100%. Estes sedimentos são compostos essencialmente de fragmentos de Halimeda, com teores de até 70%. Algas coralinas e moluscos também contribuem significativamente para a composição das areias deste trecho (com teores acima de até 30%). Os resultados obtidos mostram que a análise da distribuição espacial dos componentes bioclásticos fornece informações importantes sobre as condições ambientais na linha de costa (níveis de energia, disponibilidade de substratos duros e suprimento de sedimento), assim como sobre as possíveis fontes de sedimento para a praia. A composição dos sedimentos das praias da Costa do Dendê reflete as condições ambientais atuais, e evidenciam que estes sedimentos não experimentam transporte lateral. Essa situação é favorecida pela situação de transporte litorâneo impedido que caracteriza a maior parte da região. Embora, os rios da região pareçam transportar poucos sedimentos para a zona costeira, a presença de minerais pesados, micas e feldspatos sugerem contribuições fluviais para os sedimentos das praias. Por outro lado, os recifes de coral e algas coralinas, além de oferecerem uma proteção natural para a linha de costa, também representam uma importante fonte de sedimentos para as praias

Phylogenomic analysis of a 55.1 kb 19-gene dataset resolves a monophyletic Fusarium that includes the Fusarium solani Species Complex

Scientific communication is facilitated by a data-driven, scientifically sound taxonomy that considers the end-user¿s needs and established successful practice. In 2013, the Fusarium community voiced near unanimous support for a concept of Fusarium that represented a clade comprising all agriculturally and clinically important Fusarium species, including the F. solani species complex (FSSC). Subsequently, this concept was challenged in 2015 by one research group who proposed dividing the genus Fusarium into seven genera, including the FSSC described as members of the genus Neocosmospora, with subsequent justification in 2018 based on claims that the 2013 concept of Fusarium is polyphyletic. Here, we test this claim and provide a phylogeny based on exonic nucleotide sequences of 19 orthologous protein-coding genes that strongly support the monophyly of Fusarium including the FSSC. We reassert the practical and scientific argument in support of a genus Fusarium that includes the FSSC and several other basal lineages, consistent with the longstanding use of this name among plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, students, and researchers with a stake in its taxonomy. In recognition of this monophyly, 40 species described as genus Neocosmospora were recombined in genus Fusarium, and nine others were renamed Fusarium. Here the global Fusarium community voices strong support for the inclusion of the FSSC in Fusarium, as it remains the best scientific, nomenclatural, and practical taxonomic option availabl

Role of sensory C fibers in hypoxia/reoxygenation-impaired myogenic constriction of cerebral arteries

OBJECTIVE: Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) associated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation disrupts cerebral autoregulation. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The present study was designed to investigate the role of sensory C-fibers in myogenic responsiveness of cerebral arteries. METHODS: Arterial diameter and intraluminal pressure were simultaneously measured in vitro on rat posterior cerebral arteries. RESULTS: Cerebral arteries constricted in response to graded increase in intraluminal pressure (20–100 mmHg, in 20 mmHg increments). In vitro C-fiber desensitization with capsaicin (1 μmol/l, 20 minutes) significantly suppressed myogenic constriction by over 50%, but did not affect 5-hydroxytryptamine (0.01–10 μmol/l) and KCl (120 mmol/l)-induced constriction. Capsazepine (5 μmol/l, 30 minutes), a selective blocker of neuronal vanilloid receptor TRPV1, had similar inhibitory effect on cerebral myogenic constriction to elevated pressure. Cerebral myogenic constriction was significantly attenuated by H/R; the impairment by H/R was further enhanced after C-fiber desensitization (except at a pressure level of 100 mmHg). DISCUSSION: These findings indicate that C-fiber activity contributes to myogenic constriction of cerebral arteries under normal and H/R conditions. H/R-impaired myogenic responsiveness is exaggerated by C-fiber dysfunction. These results raise the possibility that therapeutic strategies directed toward preserving C-fiber nerve endings or supplying its constituent neuropeptides could be developed

Imposex in Olivancillaria vesica vesica (Gmelin) (Gastropoda, Olividae) from a Southeastern Brazilian sandy beach

Imposex, the development of male sex organs on the female, is registered and described for Olivancillaria vesica vesica (Gmelin, 1791) at Restinga da Marambaia beach, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil