緊張性振動反射が動作学習に与える影響 : 脳血管障害患者の肘関節伸展動作に着目して

本研究は脳血管障害患者8名を対象に麻痺側肘関節伸展動作の介入時に、緊張性振動反射（Tonic Vibration Reflex; TVR）を用いる事での動作学習への効果とその持続時間について明らかにする事を目的とした。研究デザインはクロスオーバー比較試験であり、条件①（肘関節屈曲伸展動作を自動運動で30回実施する条件）、条件②（条件①実施の際、肘関節伸展時に上腕三頭筋へのTVR を与えて実施する条件）の2条件である。各介入5、10分後にactive-ROMを測定して効果を検討した。介入5分後では両群共に条件②が条件①よりも有意に肘関節伸展角度が大きかった。介入10分後では両群共に条件間で有意差を示さなかった。このことからTVRを用いた機能的介入は即時効果としての促通効果に繋がる一方で、長期的な効果は認められなかった。これは本研究での介入期間が短すぎたことから、運動段階での内在的Feedbackに繋がらなかった事で忘却したものと考えられたThe purpose of this study was to examine effective use of TVR（Tonic Vibration Reflex） in motor training. Research Condition 1： The first condition consists of extending and flexing of a test subject\u27s elbow joint 30times without the use of TVR with a range of motion test of five and ten minutes. Research Condition 2： The second condition consists of using TVR on the triceps of the test subject\u27s elbow joint before extending and flexing the test subject\u27s elbow joint again 30times with a range of motion test of five and ten minutes. Results： After completing both tests, results shows that there is a significant and visible difference of the extension angle of the elbow joint while using TVR during the first five minutes of testing with both research conditions. However, there was not any significant or visible difference after the use of TVR after the ten minutes intervals of testing. Conclusion： TVR has an immediate effect in motor training. However, the TVR effect is only for a short amount of time. The possible reason for these results may be the short amount of time that was used to conduct the testing

Agricultural quality matrix-based multiomics structural analysis of carrots in soils fertilized with thermophile-fermented compost

Compost is used worldwide as a soil conditioner for crops, but its functions have still been explored. Here, the omics profiles of carrots were investigated, as a root vegetable plant model, in a field amended with compost fermented with thermophilic Bacillaceae for growth and quality indices. Exposure to compost significantly increased the productivity, antioxidant activity, red color, and taste of the carrot root and altered the soil bacterial composition with the levels of characteristic metabolites of the leaf, root, and soil. Based on the data, structural equation modeling (SEM) estimated that L-2-aminoadipate, phenylalanine, flavonoids and / or carotenoids in plants were optimally linked by exposure to compost. The SEM of the soil estimated that the genus Paenibacillus, L-2-aminoadipate and nicotinamide, and S-methyl L-cysteine were optimally involved during exposure. These estimates did not show a contradiction between the whole genomic analysis of compost-derived Paenibacillus isolates and the bioactivity data, inferring the presence of a complex cascade of plant growth-promoting effects and modulation of the nitrogen cycle by compost itself. These observations have provided information on the qualitative indicators of compost in complex soil-plant interactions and offer a new perspective for chemically independent sustainable agriculture through the efficient use of natural nitrogen.Comment: 6 figures, 1 Table, and support informatio

National trends in the outcomes of subarachnoid haemorrhage and the prognostic influence of stroke centre capability in Japan: retrospective cohort study

Objectives To examine the national, 6-year trends in in-hospital clinical outcomes of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) who underwent clipping or coiling and the prognostic influence of temporal trends in the Comprehensive Stroke Center (CSC) capabilities on patient outcomes in Japan.Design Retrospective study.Setting Six hundred and thirty-one primary care institutions in Japan.Participants Forty-five thousand and eleven patients with SAH who were urgently hospitalised, identified using the J-ASPECT Diagnosis Procedure Combination database.Primary and secondary outcome measures Annual number of patients with SAH who remained untreated, or who received clipping or coiling, in-hospital mortality and poor functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale: 3–6) at discharge. Each CSC was assessed using a validated scoring system (CSC score: 1–25 points).Results In the overall cohort, in-hospital mortality decreased (year for trend, OR (95% CI): 0.97 (0.96 to 0.99)), while the proportion of poor functional outcomes remained unchanged (1.00 (0.98 to 1.02)). The proportion of patients who underwent clipping gradually decreased from 46.6% to 38.5%, while that of those who received coiling and those left untreated gradually increased from 16.9% to 22.6% and 35.4% to 38%, respectively. In-hospital mortality of coiled (0.94 (0.89 to 0.98)) and untreated (0.93 (0.90 to 0.96)) patients decreased, whereas that of clipped patients remained stable. CSC score improvement was associated with increased use of coiling (per 1-point increase, 1.14 (1.08 to 1.20)) but not with short-term patient outcomes regardless of treatment modality.Conclusions The 6-year trends indicated lower in-hospital mortality for patients with SAH (attributable to better outcomes), increased use of coiling and multidisciplinary care for untreated patients. Further increasing CSC capabilities may improve overall outcomes, mainly by increasing the use of coiling. Additional studies are necessary to determine the effect of confounders such as aneurysm complexity on outcomes of clipped patients in the modern endovascular era