Forced Convection Heat Transfer Coefficient and Pressure Drop of Diamond-Shaped Fin-Array

After reading Professor Ali Farazmand's essay "Building Administrative Capacity in the Age of Rapid Globalization: A Modest Prescription for the Twenty-First Century," one is reminded that the list of capacities we need to develop is long, the tasks are diverse, and the challenges are tremendous. By offering a "modest" prescription, Farazmand departs emphatically from recent attempts to rewrite administrative capacity by downgrading it and outsourcing it to the market or by making it imitate corporate structures and techniques. Such exercises of yesteryear are correctly being excoriated now, but it would be well to remember that this failed model was inspired and facilitated by the stagnation and many perversities of the state-centered model that it replaced. As we stand at the cusp of a new generation of public administration reforms, we are reminded by Professor Farazmand's exposition that we no longer have any widely accepted and integrative theories left to guide our practice of reform, and that a search must begin to look at past evidence with a critical eye toward developing practical and theoretical insights to advance the public administration agenda

AJTEC2011-44017 PRECISE CONTROL METHOD OF TEMPERATURE RISING SPEED OF WAFER DURING RAPID THERMAL PROCESSING WITH LAMP HEATERS

ABSTRACT In rapid thermal processing of a semiconductor wafer, temperature-rising-time is the same order of heating-time, and so keeping a given temperature-rising-speed of the wafer during the temperature-rising process is important. We made an experimental apparatus to measure the temperature-rising-speed of a ceramic ball of 2 mm in diameter heated with four halogen lamp heaters. The temperature change of the ceramic ball was measured and the heating rate of the halogen lamp heaters was controlled by a personal computer to keep a given temperature-risingspeed 50°C/s with controlling-time-interval 0.1 s. We examined the effect of various heating control methods on the error of the temperature-rising-speed of the ceramic ball. We tested the PID-control, the control with a prepared correlation, and the combined method of control with prepared correlation and PID-control. We found that the combined method is a good method to decease the error of the temperature-rising-speed. The average error of the temperature-rising-speed is 0.5°C/s and the repetition error is almost zero for the temperature-rising-speed 50°C/s during 330°C to 370°C. We also measured the effects of artificial control-delay-time and measuring-error of the monitor temperature on the error of the temperature-rising-speed

Taloyhtiön pihasaneeraus : Esimerkkikohteena As Oy Kananlaulu

Työn taustana käytettiin lähiöiden suurimman aikakauden, 1960- ja 1970-lukujen kerrostalojen ajankohtaista peruskorjaustarvetta. Peruskorjaustarve koskee niin kiinteistön piha-aluetta kuin kiinteistön muitakin osia. Pihojen suurin korjaustarve perustuu kuluneiden kalusteiden, varusteiden, kasvillisuuden ja muiden osien huonokuntoisuuteen. Lisäksi muuttuneet turvallisuusvaatimukset sekä esteettömyyden haasteet tuovat lisätarvetta pihojen saneerauksille. Työni tavoitteena oli lisätä viihtyisyyttä ja parantaa Asunto Oy Kananlaulun piha-aluetta sen saneerauksella. Saneerauksessa huomioidaan metsälähiön tyypilliset pihasuunnittelun erityispiirteet. Piha-alueen analyysin avulla arvioitiin sen nykytilaa paikan päällä kohteessa. Samalla tutustuttiin myös suunnitelma- ja urakka-asiakirjoihin. Työn pohjana tutkittiin kerrostalorakentamisen ja niiden piha-aluerakentamisen kehitystä Suomessa. Tietopohjaksi haettiin tietoa myös kerrostalopihojen kunnostuksesta ja kunnostusprosessista. Tuloksena oli kirjallinen selostus piharakentamisen vaiheista. Työni toimeksiantajana oli VRJ Pohjois-Suomi Oy. Työn tulokset ovat hyödynnettävissä kerrostalopihojen peruskorjaushankkeissa. Asunto Oy Kananlaulun piha-analyysi ja pihasaneeraus voidaan liittää osaksi Kaukovainion kehittämistä. Työn tulokset antavat myös minulle itselleni mahdollisuuden kehittää omaa osaamistani viherrakentamisen työnjohdossa.As a background for the work was used the topical need of renovation in the block of flats in the suburbs built in the 1960- and 1970´s. The renovation need applies both to the yard and the other parts of the property. The biggest need of renovation is based on the poor condition of the worn out equipment, vegetation and other parts of the yard. Furthermore the changed requirements of safety and accessibility increase the renovation need. The goal on my work was to add the comfort and attractiveness of the yard of Asunto Oy Kananlaulu. During the renovation the typical characteristics of a wooden suburb were taken into account. The present situation of the yard was estimated on site. At the same time I familiarized myself the documents of planning and subcontracting. For the background of the work the development of the building of the block of flats and their yards was investigated. Also the renovation of yards and the process of renovation was studied. The result of the work is a written report of the stages of the yard construction. The principal of the work was VRJ Pohjois-Suomi Oy. The results of the work can be utilized in high-rise yards’ renovation projects. The analyses and renovation of the yard can be linked to the development of Kaukovainio area. The results of the work gave me the possibility to develop my own skills on supervision of work at green construction

オーストラリア キゲン ラドン ノ ナンキョク ショウワキチ ヘノ タイキ ユソウ ト ソノ メカニズム

南極域への大気・物質の輸送に関わる研究観測として,第46次南極観測隊において,大気のトレーサー物質であるラドン濃度,及びトロン濃度の地上観測が昭和基地で行われた.この論文では観測結果の概要をまとめ,遠方起源の高濃度ラドン大気の輸送について議論した.半減期3.8日のラドンと半減期55秒のトロンの地上付近の鉛直分布の測定値を用いて,遠方起源の可能性を持つ大気を抽出することを試みた.その結果を全球ラドン移流拡散モデルと比較し,ラドンの起源地域を推定することができた.海洋域及び南アメリカ大陸起源と推定されるケースが多い中で,オーストラリア起源と推定される,ラドン濃度の比較的高い事例が見いだされた.このオーストラリア起源の高濃度ラドン大気は,主にオーストラリア南東部から放出され,対流圏下層を通って南極氷床域に広がった.氷床上では氷床表面に接するように対流圏下層を通って昭和基地まで到達した.南極海から南極氷床上への輸送は,オーストラリア南方で発生した低気圧と,その東側にあって南極氷床上にまで伸びるリッジの間に形成された極向きの流れにより行われた.その直後に,南極海から氷床上に広がるリッジが2度にわたり形成され,それに伴う流れがラドンを南極氷床海岸域から内陸へ輸送した.内陸に輸送されたラドンは,リッジから切離した高気圧域内で氷床上に停滞した後,カタバ風循環によって氷床上から昭和基地付近へ輸送されたと考えられた.また,オーストラリアから昭和基地へのもう一つの経路として,比較的速い流れのある対流圏中上層を通ることによって,南太平洋,南大西洋を経る東回り輸送があり得ることも示唆された.Atmospheric radon (Rn) and thoron (Tn) measurement was carried out at Syowa station, Antarctica in the 2005 wintering season by JARE-46. The half life of Rn is 3.8 days and that of Tn is 55 seconds. This paper attempts to extract some cases in which the atmosphere contains a distant place originated Rn, based upon the vertical distribution of Rn and Tn. The origins of Rn in the extracted cases were specified by comparison with a global atmospheric radon transport model. While South America was the most common and frequent contributor among continents over all, the Australian continent was the major contributor in one case. The latter half of this paper examines the transport route and the effective atmospheric circulation of the Australian Rn to Syowa Station

An atmospheric transport mechanism of Australia-originated radon to Syowa station, Antarctica

Atmospheric radon (Rn) and thoron (Tn) measurement was carried out at Syowa station, Antarctica in the 2005 wintering season by JARE-46. The half life of Rn is 3.8 days and that of Tn is 55 seconds. This paper attempts to extract some cases in which the atmosphere contains a distant place originated Rn, based upon the vertical distribution of Rn and Tn. The origins of Rn in the extracted cases were specified by comparison with a global atmospheric radon transport model. While South America was the most common and frequent contributor among continents over all, the Australian continent was the major contributor in one case. The latter half of this paper examines the transport route and the effective atmospheric circulation of the Australian Rn to Syowa Station