Structure and utilization of supersonic free jets in low density wind tunnels

Inviscid and slightly viscous flow in supersonic free jet core, and low density wind tunnel application

A magnetogasdynamic power generation study third quarterly progress report

Calculations of preionized plasma flow with finite recombination rate - magnetohydrodynamic power generator stud

Design Considerations for an Orbital NonPropulsive Vent System

Minimizing of attitude disturbances during critical maneuvers in space is extremely important to the success of present and future aerospace missions. Thus, a means is needed to ensure that definite attitude positions can be maintained during specific phases of a mission and in some cases indefinitely. To fulfill this requirement, excess or residual propellant vapors and waste gases must be removed with minimum impulse unbalances imparted to the vehicle. The obvious method of accomplishing this is to employ a vent system that dissipates the impulse generated by the various effluents in a nonpropulsive manner. Such nonpropulsive vent (NPV) systems have been designed, installed and flown on several S-IV and S-IVB stages of the Saturn Launch Vehicles. This system was the first of its kind to be tested in orbit, and the data from these flights clearly substantiates the design adequacy of the system. Design considerations and the overall approach in resolving the requirements of this system are discussed in detail

Affidavit of Poverty and Motion to Proceed in Forma Pauperis in Habeas Corpus Proceedings

While incarcerated in the Ohio State Penitentiary serving a sentence of life imprisonment, Sam Sheppard submitted this affidavit and motion claiming his liberty was restrained in violation of the United States Constitution. Sheppard, insolvent, made this affidavit for the purpose of availing himself of the rights and privileges afforded indigents under Title 28 U.S. C., § 1915

Petition for a Writ of Habeas Corpus

Sheppard exhausted his available state remedies as required by Title 28, USC, Section 2254. On May 31, 1956, the Supreme Court of Ohio affirmed his conviction, 165 0.S. 293; a petition for rehearing was denied on July 5, 1956. The Supreme Court of the United States denied certiorari, 352 U.S. 910; a petition for rehearing was denied, 352 U.S. 955 . A petition for a writ of habeas corpus was dismissed by the Supreme Court of Ohio, 170 0.S. 551 (1958). Sheppard asserted there were no further avenues of revue open to him in the courts of Ohio, and any proceeding therein would be unavailing, for the Ohio courts generally are so biased and prejudiced against him that he will be denied relief in any event. The petition states that Ohio violated Sheppard\u27s federal constitutional right to a fair and impartial trial, and more specifically his federal constitutional right to counsel. Sheppard\u27s repeated motions for change of venue to a district or locale not saturated by the massive prejudicial and inflammatory publicity stimulated were likewise denied. Claims of the petition focused on the personal influences of the local court judge, reelection publicity, and the local media\u27s inflammatory published opinions amongst numerous incidents of abuse of power by government officials. As a result of the facts and circumstances set forth, petitioner was denied a fair and impartial trial, and was further denied the equal protection of the laws of the state of Ohio; petitioner\u27s trial was not a trial at all, but a sham proceeding conducted and controlled by persons of official responsibility whose primary purpose was to satisfy the populace which had been convinced by irresponsible news media that petitioner was guilty despite the marked lack of evidence tending to prove such guilt; petitioner was subjected to trial by newspaper, and was subjected specifically to the perverted power of the Cleveland Press, which sought to and did cause petitioner to be convicted in violation of his constitutional rights

Petition for a Writ of Habeas Corpus

Sheppard exhausted his available state remedies as required by Title 28, USC, Section 2254. On May 31, 1956, the Supreme Court of Ohio affirmed his conviction, 165 0.S. 293; a petition for rehearing was denied on July 5, 1956. The Supreme Court of the United States denied certiorari, 352 U.S. 910; a petition for rehearing was denied, 352 U.S. 955 . A petition for a writ of habeas corpus was dismissed by the Supreme Court of Ohio, 170 0.S. 551 (1958). Sheppard asserted there were no further avenues of revue open to him in the courts of Ohio, and any proceeding therein would be unavailing, for the Ohio courts generally are so biased and prejudiced against him that he will be denied relief in any event. The petition states that Ohio violated Sheppard\u27s federal constitutional right to a fair and impartial trial, and more specifically his federal constitutional right to counsel. Sheppard\u27s repeated motions for change of venue to a district or locale not saturated by the massive prejudicial and inflammatory publicity stimulated were likewise denied. Claims of the petition focused on the personal influences of the local court judge, reelection publicity, and the local media\u27s inflammatory published opinions amongst numerous incidents of abuse of power by government officials. As a result of the facts and circumstances set forth, petitioner was denied a fair and impartial trial, and was further denied the equal protection of the laws of the state of Ohio; petitioner\u27s trial was not a trial at all, but a sham proceeding conducted and controlled by persons of official responsibility whose primary purpose was to satisfy the populace which had been convinced by irresponsible news media that petitioner was guilty despite the marked lack of evidence tending to prove such guilt; petitioner was subjected to trial by newspaper, and was subjected specifically to the perverted power of the Cleveland Press, which sought to and did cause petitioner to be convicted in violation of his constitutional rights

Maternal HIV viral load testing during pregnancy and postpartum care in Gauteng Province, South Africa

Background. Pregnant and breastfeeding women living with HIV (WLHIV) are a target population for elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (eMTCT). However, there are limited data on maternal virological responses during pregnancy and the postpartum period in South Africa (SA).Objectives. To review compliance of viral load (VL) testing with national guidelines and suppression rates during pregnancy and up to 9  months postpartum among WLHIV delivering in four tertiary hospitals in Gauteng Province, SA.Methods. All women who had a point-of-care HIV VL test using Xpert HIV-1 VL (Cepheid, USA) at delivery in four tertiary obstetric units in Gauteng between June 2018 and February 2020 were included. HIV VL tests of eligible women performed up to 9 months before and after delivery were extracted from the National Health Laboratory Service’s Corporate Data Warehouse. Proportions of women delivering who had antenatal and postpartum VL tests performed and their suppression rates were determined and expressed as percentages.Results. Of 4 989 eligible WLHIV (median age 31.1 years), 917 (18.4%) had a VL performed during the antenatal period; of these, 335 (36.5%) had a VL ≥50 copies/mL and 165 (18.0%) a VL ≥1 000 copies/mL. At delivery, 1 911 women (38.3%) had a VL ≥50 copies/mL and 1 028 (20.6%) a VL ≥1 000 copies/mL. Among 627 women (12.6%) with a VL test postpartum, 234 (37.3%) had a VL ≥50 copies/mL and 93 (14.8%) a VL ≥1 000 copies/mL. Overall, having a VL test performed during the antenatal period was associated with viral suppression at delivery and receiving a VL test postpartum (p<0.001). Women with a VL ≥50 copies/mL at delivery were more likely to be younger and to remain virally unsuppressed postpartum (p<0.001) compared with women with a VL <50 copies/mL.Conclusions. Fewer than 5% of WLHIV with a VL at the time of delivery received VL monitoring during the antenatal and postpartum periods in accordance with national guidelines. More than 80% of WLHIV delivering had no evidence of VL monitoring during the antenatal period, and they were more likely than women who received monitoring during the antenatal period to be virally unsuppressed at delivery and to receive no VL monitoring postpartum. Women with a high VL at delivery were likely to remain virally unsuppressed postpartum. These results emphasise the need for closer monitoring of and rapid reaction to high maternal VLs during pregnancy, at delivery and postpartum for attainment of eMTCT

Analysis of the thermomechanical inconsistency of some extended hydrodynamic models at high Knudsen number

There are some hydrodynamic equations that, while their parent kinetic equation satisfies fundamental mechanical properties, appear themselves to violate mechanical or thermodynamic properties. This article aims to shed some light on the source of this problem. Starting with diffusive volume hydrodynamic models, the microscopic temporal and spatial scales are first separated at the kinetic level from the macroscopic scales at the hydrodynamic level. Then we consider Klimontovich’s spatial stochastic version of the Boltzmann kinetic equation, and show that, for small local Knudsen numbers, the stochastic term vanishes and the kinetic equation becomes the Boltzmann equation. The collision integral dominates in the small local Knudsen number regime, which is associated with the exact traditional continuum limit. We find a sub-domain of the continuum range which the conventional Knudsen number classification does not account for appropriately. In this sub-domain, it is possible to obtain a fully mechanically-consistent volume (or mass) diffusion model that satisfies the second law of thermodynamics on the grounds of extended non-local-equilibrium thermodynamics

Polaron band formation in the Holstein model

We present numerical exact results for the polaronic band structure of the Holstein molecular crystal model in one and two dimensions. The use of direct Lanczos diagonalization technique, preserving the full dynamics and quantum nature of phonons, allows us to analyze in detail the renormalization of both quasiparticle bandwidth and dispersion by the electron-phonon interaction. For the two-dimensional case some of our exact data are compared with the results obtained in the framework of a recently developed finite cluster strong-coupling perturbation theory.Comment: 10 pages (LaTeX), 6 figures (ps), submitted to Phys. Rev.