Guidance and Succor in Allamah Tabatabaii and Ayatollah Ma'refat's Exegetic Views

Guidance is a divine wont with different effects and results due to its stages. Man passes several stages, degrees and waystations of perfection in the way of guidance in a cosmic and definite journey in order to reach his highest stage of perfection. Each of these stages which are evident in man's journey necessitates its unique position accompanying him in his existential journey to the final stage of perfection. Succor is another divine wont which accompanies guidance and refers to factors and relations due to which God guides his servant towards His satisfaction and prevents him from sins. The present paper compares and evaluates Allamah Tabatabaii and Ayatollah Ma'refat's views about guidance and succor as two divine wont, and their relationship

Catalytic hydrogenation using abnormal N-heterocyclic carbene palladium complexes: catalytic scope and mechanistic insights

Palladium complexes containing abnormally bound C4-bound dicarbene ligands have been exploited for catalytic alkene hydrogenation. Comparison to normally C2-bound homologues indicates that the carbene bonding mode critically influences the catalytic activity. Good catalytic performance in the hydrogenation of cis-disubstituted olefins and non-isomerizable terminal olefins under mild conditions (RT, 0.1 MPa H₂) only occurs when the carbene is abnormally bound to the palladium center. Detailed mechanistic investigations using dynamic light scattering in connection with time-dependent analysis of conversions, and also performance of substoichiometric catalytic experiments provide evidence that the catalysis is heterogeneous and that the abnormally bound carbene ligand has the role of an activator