Well-Leg Compartment Syndrome in Adults Undergoing Abdominopelvic Surgery: A Scoping Review

This scoping review aims to provide a contemporary, comprehensive overview of the current understanding of well-leg compartment syndrome as a perioperative complication during abdominopelvic surgery

Head-down tilt lithotomy position and well-leg compartment syndrome: an international survey of current practice

This is a cross-sectional survey study aiming to gain insight into current international practice among clinicians who regularly utilize the head-down tilt lithotomy (HDTL) position for prolonged minimally invasive abdominopelvic surgeries in adults. Additionally, the study seeks to assess the prevalence and current management strategies for well-leg compartment syndrome (WLCS), a well-documented complication associated with prolonged use of HDTL. This survey is part of a wider project investigating the effect of HEad-down tilt Lithotomy Position on lower limb haemodynamics (HELP project) in a bid to inform expert-driven, evidence-based guidance for the prevention of WLCS in abdominopelvic minimally invasive surgery

The implications of dysglycaemia on aerobic exercise and ventilatory function in cystic fibrosis

BACKGROUND: The development of cystic fibrosis (CF)-related diabetes (CFRD) in paediatric groups is associated with a reduced aerobic fitness. However, this has yet to be investigated in adults with more severe lung disease.METHODS: Cardiopulmonary exercise and glycaemic control tests were retrospectively analysed in 46 adults with CF (age: 26.9 y [range: 16.3-66.5 y]; forced expiratory volume in 1s: 65.3% [range: 26.8-105.7%]; 26 males), diagnosed with CFRD (n = 19), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; n = 8) or normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n = 19).RESULTS: Maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) was reduced in adults with IGT and CFRD compared to their age- and gender-matched counterparts with NGT (p &lt; 0.05); however, there was no difference when lung function was included as a covariate (all p &gt; 0.05). V˙O2max was greater in adults who experienced post-reactive hypoglycaemia vs. NGT without hypoglycaemia (p &lt; 0.05). The frequency of ventilatory limitation (84%, 63% and 37%, respectively; p &lt; 0.05) but not ventilation-perfusion mismatch (42%, 38% and 16%, respectively; p &gt; 0.05), was greater with CFRD and IGT vs. NGT. There was also no difference in arterial oxygen saturation changes between groups (p &gt; 0.05). Gender and body mass index were significant predictors of V˙O2max (adjusted R2 = 0.37, p &lt; 0.01), but glycaemic control did not explain additional variance (p &gt; 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: Adults with CF-related dysglycaemia had a reduced V˙O2max compared to age- and gender-matched counterparts, due to a greater degree of CF lung disease in these populations.</p

The phylogeny of the red panda (Ailurus fulgens): evidence from the forelimb

Within the order Carnivora, the phylogeny of the red panda (Ailurus fulgens) is contentious, with morphological and molecular studies supporting a wide range of possible relationships, including close ties to procyonids, ursids, mustelids and mephitids. This study provides additional morphological data, including muscle maps, for the forelimb of Ailurus, based on the dissection of four cadavers from the National Zoological Park, Washington, DC, USA. The red panda forelimb is characterized by a number of primitive features, including the lack of m. rhomboideus profundus, a humeral insertion for m. cleidobrachialis, the presence of mm. brachioradialis, articularis humeri and coracobrachialis, a single muscle belly for m. extensor digitorum lateralis with tendons to digits III–V, four mm. lumbricales, and the presence of mm. flexor digitorum brevis manus, adductores digiti I, II and V, and abductor digiti I and V. Red pandas resemble Ailuropoda, mustelids and some procyonids in possessing a soft tissue origin of m. flexor digitorum superficialis. In addition, red pandas are similar to ursids and procyonids in having a variable presence of m. biceps brachii caput breve. Furthermore, Ailurus and some ursids lack m. rhomboideus capitis. The forelimb muscle maps from this study represent a valuable resource for analyzing the functional anatomy of fossil ailurids and some notes on the Miocene ailurid, Simocyon batalleri, are presented