Following fox trails

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/56277/1/MP032.pd

The informational content of trading statement releases on the JSE

Includes bibliographical references.A prevalent finding in prior literature, both internationally and domestically, is the association between earnings information, contained in earnings announcements, and share returns leading up to and following the publication. This study pulls together evidence across stock exchanges worldwide on which to draw comparisons of market efficiency. For the first time on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE), an event study analysis is conducted on the effects of a cautionary announcement known as a trading statement. While most research has focused on the official earnings announcements, this pioneering study synthesizes methodology adopted in related prior research to create a robust, relevant study of efficiency on the JSE. The aim of this study is to identify whether there is a relationship between unexpected earnings measures (often referred to as 'earnings surprises'), conveyed by trading statements, and future share returns. This study examines the importance, timeliness and financial exploitability of trading statement releases for both the regulator and investor. Lack of depth in trading statement history limits sample size and renders traditional earnings expectation models, which rely on comparative period figures, useless. Resultantly, numerous returnbased unexpected earnings models had to be adopted to estimate earnings surprises and gauge the predictability of future share returns

The moose of Isle Royale

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/56270/1/MP025.pd

Mammals from Guatemala and British Honduras

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/56271/1/MP026.pd

Complementary/Alternative Treatments for Cancer Patients with Depression and Anxiety: Critical Analysis

Cancer is a life threatening disease that has many psychological and physical effects on the patient population. Fifty-five percent of cancer patients reported at least mild levels of depression and sixty-four percent reported at least mild levels of anxiety (Salvo et al., 2012). A review of the literature suggested that complementary and alternative therapies have positive effects on relieving depression and anxiety in cancer patients. This research is looking to address the importance of complementary and alternative therapy use with cancer patients. Qualitative interviews were conducted with seven oncology social workers. The research used an inductive grounded theory method. The transcripts were analyzed and coded for themes. There were similarities and differences between the research findings and the literature review. Similarities that were found were participant’s sense of control as a positive outcome and mental health relief for patients. Differences that were found were distraction as a positive outcome, stigma and preconceived notions and time limitations and interruptions affect practice. Further research is needed to address the differences between the findings and the literature review and to further explore time and stigma limitations complementary and alternative therapies face

Complementary/Alternative Treatments for Cancer Patients with Depression and Anxiety: Critical Analysis

Cancer is a life threatening disease that has many psychological and physical effects on the patient population. Fifty-five percent of cancer patients reported at least mild levels of depression and sixty-four percent reported at least mild levels of anxiety (Salvo et al., 2012). A review of the literature suggested that complementary and alternative therapies have positive effects on relieving depression and anxiety in cancer patients. This research is looking to address the importance of complementary and alternative therapy use with cancer patients. Qualitative interviews were conducted with seven oncology social workers. The research used an inductive grounded theory method. The transcripts were analyzed and coded for themes. There were similarities and differences between the research findings and the literature review. Similarities that were found were participant’s sense of control as a positive outcome and mental health relief for patients. Differences that were found were distraction as a positive outcome, stigma and preconceived notions and time limitations and interruptions affect practice. Further research is needed to address the differences between the findings and the literature review and to further explore time and stigma limitations complementary and alternative therapies face

Teaching basic Xhosa to non-Xhosa-speaking Health Care Workers : the effects on patient satisfaction, perceived competence to communicate effectively with Xhosa-speaking patients and job satisfaction levels

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-102).To determine if a basic Xhosa course for non-Xhosa-speaking Health Care Workers, working in Primary Health Care Centres in Cape Town improves patient satisfaction for Xhosa-speaking patients, their perceived ability to communicate effectively with Xhosa-speaking patients, and job satisfaction levels

The ability of fragmented kelp forests to mitigate ocean acidification and the effects of seasonal upwelling on kelp-purple sea urchin interactions

Bull kelp (Nereocystis leutkeana) forests along the coast for northern California have decreased dramatically as a result of a ‘perfect storm’ of multiple environmental stressors. The disappearance of a predatory sea star and subsequent increase in purple sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) and the recurrence of marine heat waves have caused these once diverse ecosystems to be rapidly converted into relative species-depauperate urchin barrens. By examining the interactive effects of both a rapidly changing abiotic environment and the increase in urchin grazing pressure that is affecting this vital ecosystem, we can better understand its ultimate fate and make better-informed decisions to manage and protect it. As once large and persistent kelp forests are converted into fragmented landscapes of small kelp patches, kelp’s ability to take up dissolved inorganic carbon and reduce nearby acidity and increase both dissolved oxygen and bio-available calcium carbonate may be reduced, preventing it from serving as an environmental stress-free ‘oasis’ of reduced environmental stresses for local marine organisms and affecting ecosystem dynamics. In my first chapter, I examined whether small, fragmented kelp patches are able to retain their ability to alter local seawater chemistry to the same extent a large persistent kelp forests that have been studied previously. I found that in the canopies of small kelp patches, multiple parameters of carbonate chemistry fluctuated more than in the kelp benthos and in adjacent urchin barrens, consistent with metabolic activity by the kelp. Further, kelp fragments increased pH and aragonite saturation and decreased pCO2 during the day to a similar degree as large, intact kelp forests. These results suggest that small kelp patches could mitigate OA stress during the day and serve as spatial and temporal refugia for canopy-dwelling organisms. I also found that the benthic environment in kelp forests and adjacent urchin barrens is subject to unbuffered decreases in temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH. Thus, in chapter two, I assessed how current-day and future-predicted fluctuations in the duration and magnitude of these upwelling-associated stressors would impact the grazing, growth, and survivorship of purple urchins from kelp forest and urchin barren habitats. With upwelling predicted to increase in both intensity and duration with global climate change, understanding whether urchins from different habitats are differentially affected by upwelling-related stressors will give insight into how current and future stressors may be able to help ‘tip the scales’ and convert the increasing number of urchin barrens back into healthy productive kelp forests. I found condition-dependent susceptibility in urchins to increased magnitude and duration upwelling-related stressors. Grazing and gonadal development in kelp forest urchins was most negatively affected by distant future upwelling conditions, whereas in urchin barren urchins, grazing and survival were sensitive to exposure to upwelling in general, and also to increase in magnitudes of acidity, hypoxia, and temperature across both upwelling and non-upwelling events in the future. These results have important implications for population dynamics of urchins and their interactions with bull kelp, which could strongly affect ecosystem dynamics and transitions between kelp forests and urchin barrens. Taken together, the two chapters my thesis provide valuable insight into the potential resilience of bull kelp, a critical foundation species in northeastern Pacific coastal habitats, in the face of a rapidly changing multi-stressor environment