The institutions of archaic post-modernity and their organizational and managerial consequences: The case of Portugal

The long march of modernization of the Western societies tends to be presented as following a regular sequence: societies and institutions were pre-modern, and then they were modernized, eventually becoming post-modern. Such teleology may provide an incomplete or distorted narrative of societal evolution in many parts of the world, even in the ‘post-modern heartland’ of Western Europe, with Portugal being a case in point. The concept of archaic post-modernity has been developed by a philosopher, José Gil, to show how Portuguese institutions and organizations combine elements of pre-modernity and post-modernity. The notion of an archaic post-modernity is advanced in order to provide an alternative account of the modernization process, which enriches discussion of the varieties of capitalism. Differences in historical experiences create singularities that may be considered in the analysis of culture, management and organization

The Magnitude of Global Marine Species Diversity

Background: The question of how many marine species exist is important because it provides a metric for how much we do and do not know about life in the oceans. We have compiled the first register of the marine species of the world and used this baseline to estimate how many more species, partitioned among all major eukaryotic groups, may be discovered. Results: There are ∼226,000 eukaryotic marine species described. More species were described in the past decade (∼20,000) than in any previous one. The number of authors describing new species has been increasing at a faster rate than the number of new species described in the past six decades. We report that there are ∼170,000 synonyms, that 58,000–72,000 species are collected but not yet described, and that 482,000–741,000 more species have yet to be sampled. Molecular methods may add tens of thousands of cryptic species. Thus, there may be 0.7–1.0 million marine species. Past rates of description of new species indicate there may be 0.5 ± 0.2 million marine species. On average 37% (median 31%) of species in over 100 recent field studies around the world might be new to science. Conclusions: Currently, between one-third and two-thirds of marine species may be undescribed, and previous estimates of there being well over one million marine species appear highly unlikely. More species than ever before are being described annually by an increasing number of authors. If the current trend continues, most species will be discovered this century

Crop Updates 2005 - Geraldton

This session covers seventeen papers from different authors 2005 Seasonal Outlook, David Stephens and Nicola Telcik, Department of Agriculture Horses for Courses – using the best tools to manage climate risk, Cameron Weeks, Mingenew-Irwin Group / Planfarm and Richard Quinlan, Planfarm Agronomy Global influences driving Australian agriculture, Tony Harman, Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Wheat yield and quality improvements – where have they come from and can we have more? Wal Anderson, Department of Agriculture Rotations for nematode management, Vivien A. Vanstone, Sean J. Kelly, Helen F. Hunter and Mena C. Gilchrist, Department of Agriculture Integrate strategies to manage stripe rust risk, Ciara Beard, Geoff Thomas, Robert Loughman, Kith Jayasena and Manisha Shenkar, Department of Agriculture Frequency of herbicide resistance in wild radish populations across the WA wheatbelt, Dr Michael Walsh, Mechelle Owen and Prof. Stephen Powels, University of Western Australia The incidence and severity of wild radish resistance in the NAR – results from an in-situ survey, Rob Grima and Andrew Blake, Elders Limited Stubble management: the pros and cons of different methods, Bill Bowden, Department of Agriculture, Mike Collins WANTFA Effectiveness of Zinc Application Methods in Wheat, Luigi Moreschi, CSBP Know your Mo, Douglas Hamilton, Department of Agriculture Atrazine contamination of groundwater in the agricultural region of Western Australia, Russell Speed1, Neil Rothnie2, John Simons1, Ted Spadek2, and John Moore1, 1Department of Agriculture, 2Chemistry Centre (W.A.) Comparison of canola varieties in the Northern Agricultural Region in 2004, Graham Walton Department of Agriculture Pasture rotations are a promising option for sandplain production, Nadine Eva, Department of Agriculture Zone management can improve profit on sandplain, Bindi Webb, Damian Shepherd, Department of Agriculture, David Forrester, Davejeff Farms, casuarinas via Geraldton, Peter Tozer, Department of Agriculture Crop leftovers: what’s in stubble for sheep? Roy Butler and Keith Croker, Department of Agriculture Realising Rural Equity, Nathan Windebank, Australian Agricultural Contracts Limite

Cerebral Cavernous Malformations: Somatic Mutations in Vascular Endothelial Cells

OBJECTIVE: Germline mutations in three genes have been found in familial cases of cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM). We previously discovered somatic and germline truncating mutations in the KRIT1 gene supporting the “two-hit” mechanism of CCM lesion formation in a single lesion. The purpose of this study was to screen for somatic, nonheritable, mutations in three more lesions from different patients and identify the cell type(s) in which somatic mutations occur. METHODS: Somatic mutations were sought in DNA from three surgically excised, fresh-frozen CCM lesions by cloning and screening PCR products generated from KRIT1 or PDCD10 coding regions. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) was used to isolated endothelial and nonendothelial cells in order to determine if somatic mutations were found in endothelial cells. RESULTS: A CCM lesion harbored somatic and germline KRIT1 mutations on different chromosomes and are therefore biallelic. Both mutations are predicted to truncate the protein. The KRIT1 somatic mutations (novel c.1800delG mutation and previously identified 34 nucleotide deletion) in CCMs from two different patients were only found in the vascular endothelial cells lining caverns. No obvious somatic mutations were identified in the two other lesions; however, the results were inconclusive possibly due to the technical limitations or the fact that these specimens had a small proportion of vascular endothelial cells lining pristine caverns. CONCLUSION: The “two-hit” mechanism occurs in vascular endothelial cells lining CCM caverns from two patients with somatic and Hispanic-American KRIT1 germline mutations. Methods for somatic mutation detection should focus on vascular endothelial cells lining pristine caverns

A Timeline of Hemichordate Species Discovery.

<p>A) The cumulative number of new enteropneust and pterobranch species descriptions per year is shown. B) The percentage of species described according to author. For example, ‘single-species authors’ indicates 37% of species were described by authors whom described only a single hemichordate in his/her career. Reports by Ritter alone (4) are not binned with Cameron et al. descriptions (e.g. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0162564#pone.0162564.ref101" target="_blank">101</a>] and [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0162564#pone.0162564.ref077" target="_blank">77</a>], respectively). Only extant species are included.</p

Biogeographical Distribution of Enteropneust and Pterobranch species.

<p>Depiction of the number of unique species reported in each geographic region. Geographic regions are adapted from the marine provinces of Spalding et al. 2007 [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0162564#pone.0162564.ref088" target="_blank">88</a>]. These numbers are an underestimation of true species diversity, as there are manuscripts <i>in preparation</i> and many described specimens [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0162564#pone.0162564.ref033" target="_blank">33</a>]. See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0162564#pone.0162564.s001" target="_blank">S1 Table</a> for detailed marine province information. Map image: Courtesy of VLIMAR [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0162564#pone.0162564.ref102" target="_blank">102</a>]. Figure modified from source material in reference [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0162564#pone.0162564.ref088" target="_blank">88</a>]. Original figure: <a href="http://www.marineregions.org/gazetteer.php?p=image&pic=64936" target="_blank">http://www.marineregions.org/gazetteer.php?p=image&pic=64936</a>.</p