DEVELOPMENT OF SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF FLORFENICOL IN BULK AND DOSAGE FORMS

Objectives: The objective of this research was to develop simple, sensitive and accurate zero ( °D), first (1D) and second (2D) order derivative spectrophotometric methods for the analysis of florfenicol in bulk and dosage forms.Methods: The original UV spectrum (zero-order) of florfenicol aqueous solution was measured at 267 nm against its blank. This spectrum was then differentiated instrumentally to generate the first and second derivative spectra which were measured at 274 nm and 281 nm, respectively. The developed methods were validated as per ICH guidelines.Results: Regression data of the developed methods obeyed Beer's law over the concentration range 3˗15µg/ml with a good correlation coefficient (not less than 0.998). Limits of detection were found to be 0.68, 1.30, 1.13µg/ml and limits of quantification were 2.05, 3.87, 3.58µg/ml for °D, 1D and 2D order derivative, respectively. The developed methods demonstrated good inter-day and intra-day precision at the three modes. The obtained recovery percentage (98.3±1.8%; n=3) reflected the freedom from interference by the excipients.Conclusion: The statistical validation at 95% confidence level proves the sensitivity, accuracy and precision of the developed methods.Keywords: Florfenicol, Spectrophotometry, Derivative spectra, Dosage for

The Degree of Familiarity With Kindergarten Teachers to Child Rights Principles Contained - A Field Study in Kindergartens Lattakia City

The research aimed to recognize the degree of familiarity with kindergarten teachers to child rights principles contained from the manager’s and teachers' point of view in Kindergartens Lattakia City, also tries to identify the differences in their opinions based on the following variables: ( job title, years of experience). The researcher used descriptive analytic method the study tool questionnaire consist of (52) paragraph. This tool was applicated on a sample of (178) managers and teachers during the 2017-2018. The results of the questionnaire were analyzed. To validate the tool, it was presented to a panel of seven (7) specialists. The instrument was validated by pilot administration to a random sample of (28) kindergarten managers and teachers, Cronbach's Alpha equation that which reach (0.96),  and (0.975) in Spearman Brown. The research results showed that the degree of familiarity with kindergarten teachers to child rights principles contained from the manager’s and teachers' point of view in Kindergartens Lattakia City came of a medium degree, Also it was shown that there were differences of statistical indication between the sample research to the variable experience in favor of the higher experience, also to the variable job title in favor of the teachers. In the light of the results of the study the researcher recommends about: • Need of more attention of the concerned authority to the provision of the Convention on the rights of the child, in all kindergartens. • Work to held the lectures and seminars for the awareness of people, also conferences to be held concerning the rights of child covering all sides in regard to this field so as to protect childhood. • Teaching the rights of child within the curriculum of the kindergarten sections in the faculties of education. • Preparing courses for kindergarten teachers, to promote to the awareness on the child’s rights, and put the booklets and training manuals, which teachers the kindergarten to the best ways and  means, to enable the child of it and satisfying him with it

Phenolic profile of Centaurea aegyptiaca L. growing in Egypt and its cytotoxic and antiviral activities

Background: Centaurea aegyptiaca L (Asteraceae), is one of the most attractive plants growing wildly in Sinai, and is not well investigated for its phytochemical constituents. This study represents the first in-depth characterization of the phenolic profile of the aerial parts of C. aegyptiaca methanolic extract utilizing liquid chromatography (LC) combined with electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS).Material and Methods: Phenolic profile was researched utilizing LC-HRESI-MS-MS. Assessment of cytotoxic activity against four human cancer cell lines (Hep-G2; hepatocellular carcinoma cells, MCF-7; breast adenocarcinoma cells, and HCT-116; colon carcinoma and HELA; cervical carcinoma cells) was performed using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Antiviral activity was surveyed utilizing cytopathic effect inhibition assay.Results: A total of sixty-one compounds were tentatively distinguished (twenty-one phenolic acids and their derivatives, thirty-one flavonols and nine flavones) in the negative and positive modes. Centaurea aegyptiaca demonstrated outstanding results against Hep-G2, MCF-7, HCT-116 and HELA cell lines with IC50 of 12.1, 30.9, 11.7 and 19.5 μg/mL respectively compared and doxorubicin as a reference drug. Weak antiviral activity was seen against hepatitis A virus (HAV) and no impact against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV 1).Conclusion: This study provides a better understanding of the chemistry of C. aegyptiaca that announces itself as a promising cytotoxic agent.Keywords: Centaurea aegyptiaca, Cytotoxicity, MTT assay, flavonoi

Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma with Stomach Wall Invasion: Can it be Foreseen?

Introduction: The association of adenocarcinoma found in the pancreas and stomach wall is a relatively rare condition as is any metastasis from the pancreas to the stomach.  Pancreatic carcinoma associated with additional gastric cancer is also relatively uncommon.  The most frequent sites of metastasis reported for pancreatic adenocarcinoma are the lymph nodes, lung, liver, adrenal glands, kidney, and bone.  We report a case of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas associated with a separate adenocarcinoma of the stomach wall.  Not enough research has been placed on properly distinguishing these two forms of malignancies.Presentation of Case: In this case report we discuss the presentation of an 87 year old female who presented with abdominal pain and was found to have multiple sites of metastasis of Adenocarcinoma of pancreatic origin with direct spread to the stomach wall.Conclusion: The characteristics of this combination of gastric and pancreatic adenocarcinoma, whether there is a direct correlation or through local metastasis, needs to be further investigated to shed light on this condition

Simultaneous Determination and Stability Studies on Diminazene Diaceturate and Phenazone Using Developed Derivative Spectrophotometric Method

This work presents UV first derivative spectrophotometry as a precise, accurate, and feasible method for simultaneous determination of diminazene diaceturate and phenazone in bulk and dosage forms. The absorbance values of diminazene diaceturate and phenazone aqueous mixture were obtained at 398 nm and 273 nm, respectively. The developed method was proved to be linear over the concentration ranges (2–10) μg/mL and (2.496–12.48) μg/mL for diminazene diaceturate and phenazone, respectively, with good correlation coefficients (not less than 0.997). The detection and quantitation limits were found to be (LOD = 0.63 and 0.48 μg/mL; LOQ = 1.92 and 1.47 μg/mL, resp.). The developed method was employed for stability studies of both drugs under different stress conditions. Diminazene diaceturate was prone to degrade at acidic pH via first-order kinetics. The degradation process was found to be temperature dependent with an activation energy of 7.48 kcal/mole. Photo-stability was also investigated for this drug

PHENOLIC PROFILE OF Centaurea aegyptiaca L. GROWING IN EGYPT AND ITS CYTOTOXIC AND ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITIES

Background: Centaurea aegyptiaca L (Asteraceae), is one of the most attractive plants growing wildly in Sinai, and is not well investigated for its phytochemical constituents. This study represents the first in-depth characterization of the phenolic profile of the aerial parts of C. aegyptiaca methanolic extract utilizing liquid chromatography (LC) combined with electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Material and Methods: Phenolic profile was researched utilizing LC-HRESI-MS-MS. Assessment of cytotoxic activity against four human cancer cell lines (Hep-G2; hepatocellular carcinoma cells, MCF-7; breast adenocarcinoma cells, and HCT-116; colon carcinoma and HELA; cervical carcinoma cells) was performed using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Antiviral activity was surveyed utilizing cytopathic effect inhibition assay. Results: A total of sixty-one compounds were tentatively distinguished (twenty-one phenolic acids and their derivatives, thirty-one flavonols and nine flavones) in the negative and positive modes. Centaurea aegyptiaca demonstrated outstanding results against Hep-G2, MCF-7, HCT-116 and HELA cell lines with IC50 of 12.1, 30.9, 11.7 and 19.5 μg/mL respectively compared and doxorubicin as a reference drug. Weak antiviral activity was seen against hepatitis A virus (HAV) and no impact against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV 1). Conclusion: This study provides a better understanding of the chemistry of C. aegyptiaca that announces itself as a promising cytotoxic agent

Development of Colorimetric Method for the Assay of N-acetylcysteine in Dosage Forms using 2, 6-Dichloroquinone-4-Chlorimide

ABSTRACT A simple colorimetric method was developed for the determination of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in pharmaceutical preparations. The method is based on the coupling N-acetylcysteine with 2,6-dichloroquinone-4-chlorimide (DCQ) in dimethylsulphoxide to give a yellow colored product absorbing at 438 nm. The absorbance-concentration plot was rectilinear over the range of 10-50 μg/mL with minimum detection limit (LOD) of 0.769 μg/mL .The recovery results (100.90 ± 0.00%, n=3) reflected no interference by the formulation excipients. The different experimental parameters affecting the development and stability of the color were carefully studied and optimized. The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of NAC in injection and capsule dosage forms. The results obtained were statistically compared with those of the official titrimetric methods. A pathway for the reaction of NAC with DCQ was suggested

Comparison of bone regenerative capacity of donor-matched human adipose–derived and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) have been used as an alternative to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) for bone tissue engineering. However, the efficacy of ASC in bone regeneration in comparison with BMSC remains debatable, since inconsistent results have been reported. Comparing ASC with BMSC obtained from different individuals might contribute to this inconsistency in results. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the bone regenerative capacity of donor-matched human ASC and BMSC seeded onto poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) scaffolds using calvarial bone defects in nude rats. First, donor-matched ASC and BMSC were seeded onto the co-polymer scaffolds to evaluate their in vitro osteogenic differentiation. Seeded scaffolds and scaffolds without cells (control) were then implanted in calvarial defects in nude rats. The expression of osteogenesis-related genes was examined after 4 weeks. Cellular activity was investigated after 4 and 12 weeks. Bone formation was evaluated radiographically and histologically after 4, 12, and 24 weeks. In vitro, ASC and BMSC demonstrated mineralization. However, BMSC showed higher alkaline phosphatase activity than ASC. In vivo, human osteogenesis–related genes Runx2 and collagen type I were expressed in defects with scaffold/cells. Defects with scaffold/BMSC had higher cellular activity than defects with scaffold/ASC. Moreover, bone formation in defects with scaffold/BMSC was greater than in defects with scaffold/ASC, especially at the early time-point. These results suggest that although ASC have the potential to regenerate bone, the rate of bone regeneration with ASC may be slower than with BMSC. Accordingly, BMSC are more suitable for bone regenerative applications.publishedVersio

Studies of the Precipitation Pattern of Paclitaxel in Intravenous Infusions and Rat Plasma Using Laser Nephelometry

Cremophor EL (CrEL) is commonly used to solubilize paclitaxel (Ptx); a widely established anticancer agent used against many types of cancer. Using laser-based microplate nephelometry, in this work we assessed the precipitation kinetics of Ptx in CrEL-containing formulations upon dilutions with different infusion media or upon introduction into rat plasma. The precipitation profile of Ptx was assessed for a Taxol-like formulation and compared with a preparation with reduced CrEL content. These two formulations were diluted at various ratios in compatible infusion media and with or without rat plasma. The percentages of Ptx precipitated in dilution media and protein-binding in plasma were quantified using HPLC. The findings of turbidity measurements were in good agreement with HPLC. Despite the presence of albumin, it was possible to assess turbidity within infusion solutions and predict Ptx precipitation. Upon addition to plasma, no precipitation in Taxol-like formulation occurred after 2 h. In contrast, precipitation occurred immediately in CrEL-reduced formulation. It is possible that the high percentage of protein-bound Ptx in plasma (98.5–99.2%) has inhibited drug precipitation. Turbidity measurements using laser nephelometry can provide a rapid screening tool when developing intravenous formulations for poorly soluble drugs, such as Ptx and assess its stability upon dilution in animal plasma