Transforming Power Relationships: Leadership, Risk, and Hope. IHS Political Science Series No. 135, May 2013

Chronic communal conflicts resemble the prisoner’s dilemma. Both communities prefer peace to war. But neither trusts the other, viewing the other’s gain as its own loss, so potentially shared interests often go unrealized. Achieving positive-sum outcomes from apparently zero-sum struggles requires a kind of riskembracing leadership. To succeed leaders must: a) see power relations as potentially positive-sum; b) strengthen negotiating adversaries instead of weakening them; and c) demonstrate hope for a positive future and take great personal risks to achieve it. Such leadership is exemplified by Nelson Mandela and F.W. de Klerk in the South African democratic transition. To illuminate the strategic dilemmas Mandela and de Klerk faced, we examine the work of Robert Axelrod, Thomas Schelling, and Josep Colomer, who highlight important dimensions of the problem but underplay the role of risk-embracing leadership. Finally we discuss leadership successes and failures in the Northern Ireland settlement and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict

On Non-domination

Mi objetivo en este ensayo es defender una perspectiva de la no-dominación, proponiéndola como una base más adecuada para la justicia que las alternativas existentes. Distingo esa perspectiva de dos tipos de alternativas: aquellas cuyos proponentes rechazan mi afirmación de que la no-dominación es la piedra fundante de la justicia y aquellas que están de acuerdo conmigo pero entienden la no-dominación de otra manera. El primer grupo se divide entre los partidarios de la igualdad, de una parte, y los partidarios de la libertad, de otra parte. Me refiero a sus argumentos en la primera parte del ensayo. Luego me refiero a las concepciones de la no-dominación propuestas por J. Habermas, M. Foucault, M. Walzer, Q. Skinner y Ph. Pettit. Esas visiones tienen varios puntos en común entre sí y con mi propia visión, pero también hay desacuerdos notables. Yo hago explícito lo que está en juego en las formulaciones alternativas, e indico por qué es preferible mi propia concepción, que se enraíza en una visión del poder enfocada en los recursos.My aim here is to defend a view of non-domination as providing a better basis for justice than the going alternatives. I differentiate it from two kinds of alternatives: those whose proponents reject my claim that non-domination is the bedrock of justice and the who agree with me but understand non-domination differently than I do. The first group divides into partisans of equality, on the one hand, and of freedom, on the other. Their arguments concern me in the first half of the essay. Then I turn to conceptions of non-domination put forward by J. Habermas, M. Foucault, M. Walzer, Q. Skinner and Ph. Pettit. There is considerable overlap among these various views and between them and mine but there are also notable disagreements. I spell out what is at stake in the alternative formulations, indicating why my own conception, rooted in power- based resourcism, is preferable

Containment ... Rebuilding a Strategy Against Global Terror

The University Archives has determined that this item is of continuing value to OSU's history.Ian Shapiro of Yale University lectures on containment of global terrorism.Ohio State University. Mershon Center for International Security StudiesEvent webpage, photo

Terrorism, Containment and International Law

Prof. Ian Shapiro in a noontime lecture discusses recent developments in dealing with terrorism

Terrorism, Containment and International Law

Prof. Ian Shapiro in a noontime lecture discusses recent developments in dealing with terrorism

The effects of fertilizers and earthworms on entomopathogenic nematodes

Entomopathogenic nematodes in the genus Steinernema are promising biological control agents of soil insect pests. Two factors which may influence efficacy of biological control applications are virulence and dispersal of nematodes. This research examined the influence of fertilizers on the virulence of nematodes and the effects of earthworm presence on nematode dispersal;The virulence of Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) was determined in soil amended with fertilizer treatments of fresh cow manure, composted manure, and urea. Urea and fresh manure reduced nematode virulence in laboratory experiments. Field experiments, however, only indicated reduced nematode virulence in soil amended with fresh manure. Soil amended with composted manure did not affect nematode virulence;The effects of fertilizers on the ability of S. carpocapsae to control the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), were determined in a corn ecosystem. Fertilizer treatments included fresh cow manure, composted manure, and urea. Except in soil amended with high rates of fresh manure, nematode applications resulted in reduced cutworm damage relative to a control (no nematodes or fertilizers added). Analysis of black cutworm damage may be an efficient method to study effects of other biotic and abiotic factors on the efficacy of entomopathogenic nematodes in biological control;Vertical dispersal of S. carpocapsae, S. feltiae (Filipjev), and S. glaseri (Steiner) was determined in the presence and absence of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris (L.). Nematode dispersal was evaluated through a bioassay and through direct extraction of nematodes from soil. Dispersal of S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae was increased in the presence of earthworms. Dispersal of S. glaseri was reduced in the presence of earthworms relative to absence of earthworms. The differences in effects of earthworms among nematode species may have been due to interspecific differences in dispersal behavior. In soil void of earthworms, dispersal of S. glaseri was greatest followed by dispersal of S. carpocapsae and then S. feltiae. The presence of earthworm burrows did not affect nematode dispersal. Therefore a phoretic relationship between the earthworms and nematodes is likely

Transforming Power Relationships: Leadership, Risk and Hope

Chronic communal conflicts resemble the prisoner’s dilemma. Both communities prefer peace to war. But neither trusts the other, viewing the other’s gain as its own loss, so potentially shared interests often go unrealized. Achieving positive-sum outcomes from apparently zero-sum struggles requires a kind of risk-embracing leadership. To succeed leaders must: a) see power relations as potentially positive-sum; b) strengthen negotiating adversaries instead of weakening them; and c) demonstrate hope for a positive future and take great personal risks to achieve it. Such leadership is exemplified by Nelson Mandela and F.W. de Klerk in the South African democratic transition. To illuminate the strategic dilemmas Mandela and de Klerk faced, we examine the work of Robert Axelrod, Thomas Schelling, and Josep Colomer, who highlight important dimensions of the problem but underplay the role of risk-embracing leadership. Finally we discuss leadership successes and failures in the Northern Ireland settlement and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict