Detection of Endometrial Nerve Fibres in the Diagnosis of Endometriosis: A Case-control Study

Introduction: Due to nonavailability of a good noninvasive or semi-invasive test for diagnosing endometriosis, there is a substantial time delay between the onset of symptoms and surgically confirmed endometriosis. Development of a simple noninvasive or semi-invasive diagnostic method can greatly help to reduce this delay and prevent severe morbidity in minimal to mild endometriosis which cannot be diagnosed clinically or by ultrasonography. Aim: To evaluate the role of nerve fibre detection in endometrial biopsy for diagnosing endometriosis Materials and Methods: In this observational study, detection of endometrial nerve fibres in endometrial biopsy in women undergoing laparoscopy/ laparotomy for pelvic pain or infertility was done using polyclonal rabbit Anti-protein gene product 9.5 (Dako, Australia). The results were compared between women who has laparoscopic/laparotomy visualisation of endometriotic lesions with those who don't have endometriotic lesions. Women with visual evidence of endometriosis in laparoscopy/laparotomy were taken as cases (n=32). Women without evidence of endometriosis in laparoscopy/laparotomy were taken as controls (n=29). Presence of endometrial nerve fibre was compared between women with and without evidence of endometriosis. Presence of endometrial nerve fibres and its association with painful symptoms, history of hormonal therapy, endometrial histopathology and stages of endometriosis was analysed. Results: Endometrial nerve fibres were detected in the functional layer in 21.8% of the endometriosis patients and no nerve fibres were detected in the control group. There was no significant association between endometrial nerve fibres in endometriosis and presentation of painful symptoms, history of hormonal therapy, endometrial histopathology and stages of endometriosis. Sensitivity of detecting endometriosis by the presence of nerve fibers in endometrial nerve biopsy specimen was 21.8% and Specificity was 100% (100%). Conclusion: Endometrial nerve fiber assessment for identifying endometriosis in women undergoing laparoscopy/laparotomy using routine endometrial sampling and immunohistochemical analysis was found not to be sensitive for the diagnosis of endometriosis

The personality of unemployed managers: myths and measurement

The study examines the widely held assertion that unemployed managers will possess the characteristics traditionally associated with managerial ability to a lesser degree than managers in employment. In contrast to conventional wisdom the unemployed appear to possess many of the attributes traditionally associated with managerial ability. These results are discussed in terms of the stability of personality over time, the influence of organisational factors in the causes of job loss and the possibility that the unemployed managers studied had a greater than average preference for risktaking. The implications of these results for personnel management are explored

Corporate Responsibility in India: Academic Perspectives on the Companies Act 2013

Developing prosperous and inclusive societies requires a reformulation of the business-society nexus toward sustainability. This means that all economically motivated behaviors of firms also need to consider their social and environmental impact, and all social and environmental policies their impact on the business sector and the economy. With the Companies Act 2013, the Indian government adopted a legislative approach to reconfigure the business-society nexus. Mandating what has been considered discretionary elicited an extensive academic debate. To study this India-specific political corporate social responsibility (CSR), we employ Content Configuration Analysis on 70 local and international English-language book chapters, research articles, reports, reviews, and expert commentaries published between 2013 and 2019 to develop a typology of the advantages and disadvantages associated with the Companies Act 2013. Among a large number of positions for and against the Act, we find that arguments extolling its advantages concurrently appear as disadvantages in other texts. This paradox is indicative of the diffculties of satisfying stakeholder expectations, as well as the complexities corporate responsibility programs face in India. Nonetheless, CSR as a policy tool allows the Indian government to instrumentalize the growing success of the business sector to address local and national needs and expectations. By systematizing the opportunities and challenges associated with the Companies Act 2013, we show how, similar to China, context and culture influence India's socioeconomic development trajectory beyond the conventional market economy canon. Our analyses reveal how advantages and disadvantages are frequently connected to multiple stakeholders, including the government, business, and society. We conclude by highlighting the contribution this study makes to the field of political CSR