Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) and Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Conceptual Design Report Volume 2: The Physics Program for DUNE at LBNF

The Physics Program for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) at the Fermilab Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) is described

BIOLOGY OF RAILY WILD SILKMOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: SATURNIDAE)

A wild ecorace locally known as Raily is distributed in Bastar forest. The main food plant has been found to be Shorea robusta. The famous kosa silk is produced from these cocoons. Seri culturists not able to culture this variety owing to its very Wild nature and little is known about its biology. Hence a study was undertaken on the biology of Raily tasar silk moth of Antheraea my litta Drury in its wild condition. The raily silkworm passes through four distinct phases, viz egg, larva, pupa and moth during its life cycle. The egg is ellipsoidal and bilaterally symmetrical and is about 0.30 + 0.27mm length and 0.250 + 0.33mm in breadth. The average weight of each egg is 0.013 + ().0.073 gm. The newly hatched larve dark brownish in colour and acquired green body colour within 48 hours. The 5" instar measures 10.3 + 0.158 cm and 1.8 + 0.088 cm in length and breadth. The larva exhibits various kinds of body marking, body tubercles, tubercular setae and shining sports. The cocoon weight, shell weight and shell ratio were 13.005 it 1.130g. 2.630 + 0.810 g and 21.13%, respectively. The pupa is adecitious having well defined segmented body. dark brown colour and is spindle shaped. Average developmental period was season specific. Male moth weighed 2.138 + 0.242g and female was 5.973 + 1.610g. Wing span of adult male was 15.838 + 0.378 cm and female 17.333 + 0.418 cm. Single cocoon can produce 1232 meters of reeled yarn. Sustainable conservation measures in Wild can support tasar industry with 50 MT of tasar silk annually

MANAGEMENT OF TERMITES IN TASAR PLANTATIONS

Termite causes considerable damage to the new as well as established plants in tasar plantations of Bastar plateau. In view of lack of sufficient literature on the management of termites with special reference to tasar plantations, an evaluation of synthetic insecticides viz. Chorophriphos, cypermethrin and fenvalerate, fungicides namely, carbendazim, mancozeb, Bordeaux mixture and neem product in the form of oil in different concentrations was carried out in infested tasar plantations. Among these, chloropyriphos (0.08%) was found to be more effective in suppressing the termite populations than other pesticides studied. The neem oil and fungicide treatments were found ineffective against the pest

EFFICACY OF MICRONUTRIENTS AND MICROBES (LEAF SURFACE MICROFLORA) ON TASAR SILKWORMCROPIN BIOSPHERE OF BASTAR (CHHATTISGARH)

Traditional farmers of tasar culture adopt their own system based on their indigenous knowledge for maintenance of tasar host plants and silkworm rearing. As the silkworm rearing is totally left on vagaries of nature like temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind etc. and exposed to parasite, predators and diseases, no care is taken in traditional method to improve the quality of leaf of food plant resulting in larval susceptible to diseases followed by low productivity of cocoons. Micronutrients to raise leaf production and microbes (Leaf Surface Microflora) to control bacterial and viral diseases were tested individually for three years and collectively for one year. Both the technologies were developed at CTR&TI, Ranchi, Jharkhand (India). The performance of micronutrients and microbes are equally good in significantly improving the crop yield over control. Efficacy of these technologies were different for different parameters, however, their cumulative effect was more than their individual performance. Leaf yield was enhanced upto 6001000 kilograms per hectare per crop with the enhancement to the tune of 7 to 20%. Hence, the integration of these technologies facilitates crop stability and associated profit

Climate Change Adaptation and Sustainable Livelihoods (Eds. Ravindra S., Gavali, Krishna Reddy Kakumanu, V. Suresh Babu and Subrat K. Mishra).

Not AvailableClimate change has a multi-dimensional effect on the livelihood of farmers, especially in the semi-arid regions. There is a need to evolve a strategy on technology, investment and policies that help the local community and government to prepare for the adverse impact of climate change. An effort was made to understand the perception of farmers as part of the 'National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture' (NICRA) launched by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research(/CAR) during 20 71. Thecurrent study aims at analysing the' perceptions of farmers on effects of climate change, yield, employment, livestock, irrigation and income of farm households. Primary data were collected from two drought-prone districts ofTelangana and Karnataka State. Thesurvey was conducted by selecting a sample of 45 farm households in each of the districts. The study reveals that the effect of drought on the yield of Kharif crops like paddy, cotton and red gram was more than 55 per cent in Nalgonda district while Belgaum district experienced crop failure. In the case of livestock productivity, there was a reduction in productivity by 60 per cent in Nalgonda district. In Belgaum district of Karnataka, farmers experienced loss in their farm income to the tune of 90 per cent while income from other sources like non-farm activities within the village and engagement in other villages did not have much impact due to climate change. The farmers of Nalgonda district sought employment in non-farm activities in places outside their village as a coping strategy to sustain their livelihood. There are other intra-household issues for the farmers like travelling a long distance to fetch drinking water in Na/gonda district. While in Belgaum, farmers have to go longer distances in search of grazing land due to the impact of climate change. The immediate impacts observed due to climate change on natural resources are considerable decrease in vegetation cover,productive capacity of the soil and availability of groundwater as perceived by farmers in both the districts. The study arrives at the conclusion that all the major flagship programmes related to agriculture, natural resource management and infrastructure, etc., must be properly examined for their implications on climate change before implementation in the field to minimise the adverse effects of climate changeNot Availabl

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Not AvailableClimate change is characterised by increasing temperatures (especially night temperature), changes in rainfall pattern, increasing frequency of incidence of extreme weather events such as drought, flood, heat wave, cold wave. Understanding what is likely to happen in future helps in planning appropriately and assessment of vulnerability to climate change helps identify the regions that are relatively more vulnerable. It helps to identify, prioritise and target investments and interventions in terms of research, extension, development and policy measures. The present paper makes an assessment of the relative degree of vulnerability for thirteen districts of Andhra Pradesh. Sensitivity and adaptive capacity indices are computed using the data on a range of agro-climatic and socio-economic indicators whereas the exposure index was computed using the climate projections made using the PRECIS for the scenario A1B for the period 2021-50. All the four districts of Rayalaseema were found to be more vulnerable to climate change. Better water management and development of crop varieties that match the changing climate are two important parts of any strategy for resilience. An adaptation intervention in the form of change of crop variety performed better in terms of higher yield and net returns in West Godavari district. Income resilience was found to be better when the livelihoods are more diversified. Technological adaptation interventions like conservation furrows etc., were found to protect yields during a drought year in Anantapur. A survey of a sample of 45 farmers each in Srikakulam and Anantapur districts of Andhra Pradesh was conducted to understand the perceptions on climate change.Not Availabl