Solving N-queen Problem Using Genetic Algorithm by Advance Mutation Operator

N-queen problem represents a class of constraint problems. It belongs to set of NP-Hard problems. It is applicable in many areas of science and engineering. In this paper N-queen problem is solved using genetic algorithm. A new genetic algoerithm is proposed which uses greedy mutation operator. This new mutation operator solves the N-queen problem very quickly. The proposed algorithm is applied on some instances of N-queen problem and results outperforms the previous findings

Foraging Behaviour of Heifers, Sheep and Goats in Grass-Legume Cafeteria

The paper reports findings of a grazing trial with heifers, sheep and goats in a grass–legume cafeteria involving 45x10 m alternate strips of 18 grasses and 18 legumes. In the first year heifers were grazed. Sheep were introduced in the second year and goats in the third year. The stocking rate was 1.5 ACU/ha. Foraging behaviour of three kinds of animals differed in many respects with grazing and rest durations, choice of species in the forenoon and afternoon and in different seasons. Heifers, by and large, preferred grasses over legumes and browse. Sheep, on the contrary, preferred legumes over grasses and browse. Goats preferred browse and legumes over grasses. These findings serve as base line information in designing a silvopastoral system for mixed herd grazing which low and medium level farmers practice

Clinicopathological representation of nonmetastatic Ewing sarcoma of the scapula - a case study

Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a rare type of small cell tumor of the bone and soft tissues. About 50% of ES arise in the femur and pelvis. We present a case of ES of the scapula in a seven year old female child. Because of its similarity with other small cell tumors, the diagnosis of ES is challenging and requires a combination of methods like CT scan, MRI report, histopathological evaluation and IHC, etc. The MRI report of our case has shown a consistent 5×4 cm3 mass on the left scapula. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy of the tumor has been further analyzed. Small, round and oval cells with densely packed nuclei and scanty cytoplasm, which are characteristic to ES were observed microscopically. A positive reaction to vimentin and CD99 and negative result for the biomarkers meant for other types of tumors, favours the diagnosis of ES. The chromosomes analyzed from the peripheral blood of the patient have shown a normal karyotype. Early diagnosis of ES is very crucial for treatment. Histopathology and IHC are indispensible tools in the diagnosis of ES

PHYSICO CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF VRANASHODHANAHARA TAIL AND DOORVADI TAIL- A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Tail Kalpana (Medicated Oil) is a pharmaceutical process. It comes under the Sneha Kalpana. It may be defined as a process where the various things like decoction, paste, milk and perfuming - substances are employed for the preparation of oleaginous medicaments (Oil and Ghee). This process ensures absorption of the active therapeutic properties of the ingredients used. The experimental test was done in laboratory, Department of Rasa Shastra & B.K., N.I.A., Jaipur and Oasis Lab., Jaipur by adopting S.O.P. and S.M.P. as laid down in the respective pharmacopeias. Physico – chemical properties of both the medicated oils and untreated oil were determined. The analysis includes as following- Specific gravity, Refractive Index, Loss on drying, Ash value, Acid Value, Saponification value, Ester value, Iodine Value, Unsaponifiable matter, thin layer chromatography and Spectrophotometry. The T.L.C. pattern of Unsaponifiable matters of medicated oils and base oil indicates the presence of active constituents. The absorption characteristic of the medicated oils and base oil were Studied as 0.08% v/v solutions of the oils in Cyclohexane were merely transparent in the visible region of the spectrum. The Spectra resembles those of Sesamin and Sesamolin, the lignan Substances of Sesame oil. So it’s concluded that medicated oils are better than base oil for their medicinal purpose

WOUND HEALING PROPERTIES OF VRANASHODHANAHARA TAIL AND DOORVADI TAIL AS AN EXPERIMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ALBINO RATS

In Ayurveda, for oil preparations Tila oil is used as a base (good for wound healing), on external application attracts oil soluble toxic substances and can be washed out easily with lukewarm water. Study done on healthy albino rats of either sex were selected randomly and were divided into six groups (control group (P), group for Vranashodhanahara tail (V) and group for Doorvadi tail (D) which subdivided into two groups), each containing four albino rats for evaluation and effect of prepared samples on wound healing. For the purpose of study two types of wounds were produced experimentally, excised or open wound (Morton and Mallone) and incised or sutured wound (Hunts et. al.). The assessment was made by studying the regeneration tissue by different parameters viz. wound contraction and period of epithelialisation and tensile strength. The gross appearance was noted at the interval of 3 days i.e., 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th day of applying wounds. The results show that excised wound contracted earlier in treated groups while in the trial groups complete closure was achieved around 14th day, where as in the control-P group, it was achieved around 17th day and incised wound indicating that trial V group provided better result than control P

CORRELATION OF CELLULAR AUTOLYTIC CHANGES IN BONE MARROW WITH POST-MORTEM INTERVAL

Estimation of post mortem interval is of great importance in both civil and criminal disputes. Determining time since death is extremely difficult and accuracy can never be met. Most of the methods currently employed are temperature based algorithms, rigor mortis, livor mortis, thanato-chemistry etc. But the uncertainties attaching to traditional means of establishing the time since death have directed attention to the chemical changes in the body fluids like cerebrospinal fluid and vitreous humour along with various cellular changes in the body tissues. The study of the viability and morphological changes seen in the cells of various body tissues could provide useful information regarding post-mortem interval. In our study the cellular and cytoplasmic changes observed were time related up to 16 hours. KEYWORDS: Post mortem interval; Cellular changes; Cytoplasmic changes

CORRELATION OF CELLULAR AUTOLYTIC CHANGES IN BONE MARROW WITH POST-MORTEM INTERVAL

Estimation of post mortem interval is of great importance in both civil and criminal disputes. Determining time since death is extremely difficult and accuracy can never be met. Most of the methods currently employed are temperature based algorithms, rigor mortis, livor mortis, thanato-chemistry etc. But the uncertainties attaching to traditional means of establishing the time since death have directed attention to the chemical changes in the body fluids like cerebrospinal fluid and vitreous humour along with various cellular changes in the body tissues. The study of the viability and morphological changes seen in the cells of various body tissues could provide useful information regarding post-mortem interval. In our study the cellular and cytoplasmic changes observed were time related up to 16 hours. KEYWORDS: Post mortem interval; Cellular changes; Cytoplasmic changes

A Compact Dual Band E-Shape Microstrip Antenna For Wireless Application

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Anticonvulsant activity of gap-junctional blocker carbenoxolone in albino rats

Background: Gap junctions (GJs) are clusters of channels that connect the interiors of adjoining neurons and mediate electrical/electrotonic coupling by transfer of ions and small molecules. Electrotonic coupling between principal neurons via GJs is increasingly recognized as one of the mechanisms in the pathogenesis of the abnormal neuronal synchrony that occurs during seizures. Carbenoxolone the succinyl ester of glycyrrhetinic acid obtained from liquorice has been shown to have the property of blocking gap junctional intercellular communication. The objectives were to study if carbenoxolone has in-vivo anticonvulsive activity in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and maximal electroshock (MES) seizure models and to probe the functional role of GJs in seizures.Methods: Carbenoxolone was tested for anticonvulsive effect in albino rats subjected to seizures by the PTZ and MES at three doses 100 m/kg, 200 m/kg, 300 m/kg. In the PTZ model parameters observed were seizure protection, seizure latency and seizure duration. In the MES model parameters observed were seizure protection and seizure duration.Results: The results showed that the carbenoxolone has anticonvulsant activity in both PTZ and MES induced seizures with better protection in the PTZ induced seizures. In the PTZ model carbenoxolone produced a statistically significant increase in seizure latency, decrease in seizure duration and seizure protection. In the MES model carbenoxolone produced a statistically significant decrease in seizure duration.Conclusions: Carbenoxolone has in-vivo anticonvulsive effect and could be useful in both petitmal (absence) seizures and grand mal (generalized tonic-clonic epilepsy) seizures. The protective effect of carbenoxolone could be due to blockade of GJ channels that mediate electro tonic coupling and thereby prevent the neural synchronization that is characteristic of seizures. The study also supports the view that GJs have a functional role in the electrophysiology of seizures and GJ blockers have potential as a new class of antiepileptic drugs