Oral Mucosal Changes in Acrylate Prosthesis Wearers Among Diabetic Patients: A Review Article

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the significant health problems in the world. Diabetes affects most parts of the human organism, and the oral cavity is no exception. Among oral manifestations related to DM are dry mouth, tooth decay, periodontal disease, gingivitis, oral candidiasis, burning mouth syndrome, disorders of taste, oral lichen planus, geographic tongue, fissured tongue, delayed wound healing, increased incidence of infection, salivary dysfunction and neurosensory disorders. According to the literature, edentulous patients are more likely to have DM in comparison to the nondiabetic population. The effect of total prostheses on the oral mucosa (OM) has been the subject of many scientific studies. This study aimed to investigate existing evidence related to changes in the OM in DM patients who are wearers of total acrylic prostheses. Based on the reviewed literature, changes in the OM are much more pronounced in DM patients wearing acrylate prostheses and are caused by severe inflammation and delayed keratinization. A total acrylate prosthesis introduces additional trauma, inflammation, and stress in DM patients

Activation and contraction of human ‘vascular’ smooth muscle cells grown from circulating blood progenitors

Blood outgrowth smooth muscle cells offer the means to study vascular cells without the requirement for surgery providing opportunities for drug discovery, tissue engineering and personalised medicine. However, little is known about these cells which has meant their therapeutic potential remains unexplored. Our objective was to investigate for the first time the ability of blood outgrowth smooth muscle cells and vessel derived smooth muscle cells to sense the thromboxane mimetic U46619 by measuring intracellular calcium elevation and contraction. U46619 (10 26 -6 M) increased cytosolic calcium in blood outgrowth smooth muscle cells fibroblasts. Increased calcium signal peaked between 10-20 seconds after U46619 in both smooth muscle cell types. Importantly, U46619 (10-9 to 10-6 M) induced concentration-dependent contractions of both blood outgrowth smooth muscle cells and vascular smooth muscle cells but not in fibroblasts. In summary, we show that functional responses of blood outgrowth smooth muscle cells are in line with vascular smooth muscle cells providing critical evidence of their application in biomedical research

Cell-Specific Gene Deletion Reveals the Antithrombotic Function of COX1 and Explains the Vascular COX1/Prostacyclin Paradox.

Rationale: Endothelial cells (ECs) and platelets, which respectively produce antithrombotic prostacyclin and prothrombotic thromboxane A2, both express COX1 (cyclooxygenase1). Consequently, there has been no way to delineate any antithrombotic role for COX1-derived prostacyclin from the prothrombotic effects of platelet COX1. By contrast, an antithrombotic role for COX2, which is absent in platelets, is straightforward to demonstrate. This has resulted in an incomplete understanding of the relative importance of COX1 versus COX2 in prostacyclin production and antithrombotic protection in vivo. Objective: We sought to identify the role, if any, of COX1-derived prostacyclin in antithrombotic protection in vivo and compare this to the established protective role of COX2. Methods and Results: We developed vascular-specific COX1 knockout mice and studied them alongside endothelial-specific COX2 knockout mice. COX1 immunoreactivity and prostacyclin production were primarily associated with the endothelial layer of aortae; freshly isolated aortic ECs released >10-fold more prostacyclin than smooth muscle cells. Moreover, aortic prostacyclin production, the ability of aortic rings to inhibit platelet aggregation and plasma prostacyclin levels were reduced when COX1 was knocked out in ECs but not in smooth muscle cells. When thrombosis was measured in vivo after FeCl3 carotid artery injury, endothelial COX1 deletion accelerated thrombosis to a similar extent as prostacyclin receptor blockade. However, this effect was lost when COX1 was deleted from both ECs and platelets. Deletion of COX2 from ECs also resulted in a prothrombotic phenotype that was independent of local vascular prostacyclin production. Conclusions: These data demonstrate for the first time that, in healthy animals, endothelial COX1 provides an essential antithrombotic tone, which is masked when COX1 activity is lost in both ECs and platelets. These results help us define a new 2-component paradigm wherein thrombotic tone is regulated by both COX1 and COX2 through complementary but mechanistically distinct pathways

Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4 and airway sensory afferent activation: Role of adenosine triphosphate

BackgroundSensory nerves innervating the airways play an important role in regulating various cardiopulmonary functions, maintaining homeostasis under healthy conditions and contributing to pathophysiology in disease states. Hypo-osmotic solutions elicit sensory reflexes, including cough, and are a potent stimulus for airway narrowing in asthmatic patients, but the mechanisms involved are not known. Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4 (TRPV4) is widely expressed in the respiratory tract, but its role as a peripheral nociceptor has not been explored.ObjectiveWe hypothesized that TRPV4 is expressed on airway afferents and is a key osmosensor initiating reflex events in the lung.MethodsWe used guinea pig primary cells, tissue bioassay, in vivo electrophysiology, and a guinea pig conscious cough model to investigate a role for TRPV4 in mediating sensory nerve activation in vagal afferents and the possible downstream signaling mechanisms. Human vagus nerve was used to confirm key observations in animal tissues.ResultsHere we show TRPV4-induced activation of guinea pig airway–specific primary nodose ganglion cells. TRPV4 ligands and hypo-osmotic solutions caused depolarization of murine, guinea pig, and human vagus and firing of Aδ-fibers (not C-fibers), which was inhibited by TRPV4 and P2X3 receptor antagonists. Both antagonists blocked TRPV4-induced cough.ConclusionThis study identifies the TRPV4-ATP-P2X3 interaction as a key osmosensing pathway involved in airway sensory nerve reflexes. The absence of TRPV4-ATP–mediated effects on C-fibers indicates a distinct neurobiology for this ion channel and implicates TRPV4 as a novel therapeutic target for neuronal hyperresponsiveness in the airways and symptoms, such as cough

Assessment of Groundwater Quality Status for Irrigation in the Northwest Part of the Dukagjini Basin, Kosovo

The waterproofing system of the bridge deck generally consist of a waterproofing layer plus a protective layer. The durability of bridges depends on the effectiveness of the bridge deck waterproofing system. Reinforced concrete is extremely durable structure material if properly constructed, however porosity will always occur and on the wear surface hairline cracking occurs, which allow water and corrosive materials to penetrate the concrete and attack steel reinforcement bar. The bridge deck waterproofing product can be divided into three main categories: sheets systems, liquid systems add mastic layer. In most cases the protective layer is asphalt layer. In Kosovo motorways was used sheets system. During the installation of the waterproofing system some defects were encountered such as: concrete surface irregularities and cracks, excessive quartz sand not removed, non-uniformly heated waterproofing membrane strips, etc. These defects have affected the adhesion between sheets and foundation layer. Prevention steps are: experienced workmanship, good supervision, and full compliance with the applicable standard during installatio

Posterior circulation lesions are more frequently associated with early seizures after a stroke

Early seizures (ES) following stroke are prevalent among the elderly population, representing the most common type of acquired seizures. This study aimed to determine the incidence of ES and investigate potential associations with various clinical and radiological factors. 260 stroke patients (mean age 72±13.2, 48.5% females) were prospectively enrolled and followed. Baseline demographic data, clinical data, stroke subtype, ES occurrence, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECT) were collected and analyzed. ES was observed in 11.6% of patients with ischemic stroke compared to 7.1% among patients with hemorrhagic stroke. ES occurred more frequently in those with posterior circulation stroke (18.5% vs. 7.1%, P=0.008) and those with NIHSS >15 (19.4% vs. 8.4%, P=0.04). In a logistic regression analysis that adjusted for vascular risk factors and NIHSS, posterior circulation stroke remained significantly associated with ES, with an odds ratio of 3.14 (95% CI 1.20 to 7.73, P=0.012). This study revealed that ES following stroke is more common in patients with posterior circulation lesions. These findings emphasize the need for further investigation into additional factors that may influence ES occurrence and its impact on stroke management and patient outcomes

Baló Concentric Sclerosis Mimicking Encephalitis with Seizure and Progressive Aphasia in a 26-Year-Old Woman: A Challenging Diagnostic Dilemma

Introduction: Baló's concentric sclerosis (BCS) is a rare subtype of multiple sclerosis (MS) characterized by inflammatory demyelination within the central nervous system (CNS). Case presentation: This case report presents a challenging diagnostic scenario involving a 26-year-old woman diagnosed with BCS. Despite treatment, her condition did not ameliorate, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings remained unchanged. A subsequent stereotactic biopsy revealed tumefactive Balo disease, highlighting the intricate diagnostic and therapeutic issues surrounding BCS. Conclusion: The juxtacortical location of the BCS lesion, as observed in our case, suggests an unfavourable prognosis due to treatment-resistant seizures

Роль бухгалтерского учета в управлении предприятия

Alum-independent OVA-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to 5-HT and IgE production. Male C57Bl/6 mice were sensitised with saline or OVA in the presence or absence of Alum and subsequently challenged with saline or OVA. Animals sensitised in the absence of Alum were placed in WBP chambers and airway responsiveness to 5-HT was assessed 3 days after final challenge (C). Data (n = 7–9) was expressed as mean Penh AUC ± S.E.M. Plasma levels of total IgE (A) and OVA-specific IgE (B) were assessed by ELISA 3 days after final OVA challenge. Data (n = 7–9) expressed as mean ± S.E.M. *p < 0.05 vs. relevant OVA sensitised/saline challenged controls, Mann-Whitney U-test. (DOC 168 kb

Specific learning disabilities and its treatment and intervention

The aim of my thesis is to obtain an insight into the field of specific learning disabilities. The thesis has the character of a summary and it mainly concerns the comparison of existing knowledge and approaches to children with specific learning disabilities. This thesis should be used not only for academical purposes; it also should enable the reader to underestand the term, cause, symptoms, reeducation of specific learning disabilities, which improves the understanding of the life of people with this disability