Tendências psicológicas no ensino de língua não nativa para crianças em idade escolar

Psychological tendencies of language learning are described in this article. The interrelation between teaching language and such psychological components as perception, memory, attention, thinking, speech, etc. is considered.Some patterns of teaching Tatar language as nonnative language to junior schoolchildren are analyzed. The personal qualities of children of primary school age that can help in teaching are identified. The important advantage of teaching Tatar language in multilingual space allows more efficient organization of training and build it as close as possible to the natural process of using the native language. It is established that mastering speech skills in the Tatar language has positive effect on the psychological and physiological capabilities of students of primary school age. It is concluded that an important condition for the successful learning of a non-native language is to take into account the individual characteristics of students who depend on the nature of the environment and the child's ability to assimilate the learning material through memorization.Las tendencias psicológicas del aprendizaje de idiomas se describen en este artículo. Se considera la interrelación entre el lenguaje de enseñanza y componentes psicológicos tales como la percepción, la memoria, la atención, el pensamiento, el habla, etc. Se analizan algunos patrones de enseñanza de la lengua tártara como lenguaje no nativo para niños de escuela primaria. Se identifican las cualidades personales de los niños en edad de escuela primaria que pueden ayudar a la enseñanza. La importante ventaja de enseñar el idioma tártaro en un espacio multilingüe permite una organización más eficaz de la capacitación y la desarrolla lo más cerca posible del proceso natural de uso del idioma nativo. Se establece que dominar las habilidades del habla en el idioma tártaro tiene un efecto positivo en las capacidades psicológicas y fisiológicas de los estudiantes en edad escolar primaria. Se concluye que una condición importante para el aprendizaje exitoso de un idioma no nativo es tener en cuenta las características individuales de los estudiantes que dependen de la naturaleza del entorno y la capacidad del niño para asimilar el material de aprendizaje mediante la memorizaciónAs tendências psicológicas da aprendizagem de línguas são descritas neste artigo. Considera-se a inter-relação entre a linguagem de ensino e os componentes psicológicos, como percepção, memória, atenção, pensamento, fala etc. Alguns padrões de ensino da língua tártara são analisados como uma língua não nativa para crianças da escola primária. As qualidades pessoais das crianças em idade escolar primária que podem ajudar no ensino são identificadas. A importante vantagem de ensinar a língua tártara em um espaço multilíngüe permite uma organização mais eficiente do treinamento e o desenvolve o mais próximo possível do processo natural de usar a língua nativa. Unidos que dominam as habilidades de fala na linguagem Tatar tem um efeito positivo sobre as habilidades psicológicas e fisiológicas de estudantes em idade escolar. Conclui-se que uma condição importante para o sucesso da aprendizagem de uma língua estrangeira é levar em conta as características individuais dos alunos que dependem da natureza do ambiente e a capacidade da criança de assimilar o material de aprendizagem por memorizaçã

New bifunctional N-thiophosphorylated thiourea and 2,5-dithiobiurea derivatives. Crystal structures of R[C(S)NHP(S)(OiPr)2]2 (R = -N(Ph)CH2CH2N(Ph)- and -NHNH-)

A new bifunctional N-thiophosphorylated thiourea and 2,5-dithiobiurea of the common formula R[C(S)NHP(S)(OiPr)2]2 [R = -N(Ph)CH2CH2N(Ph)- (H2La); -NHNH- (H2Lb)] have been synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H, 31P spectroscopy and the single crystal X-ray diffraction method. The structure of the latter compound in CDCl3 and acetone-d6 solutions has been discussed in comparison with the monofunctional thiosemicarbazide PhNHNHC(S)NHP(S)(OiPr)2 (HLc). © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Coordination mode of the nickel(II) cation with N-diisopropoxyphosphinyl-p- bromothiobenzamide

Reaction of the potassium salt of N-diisopropoxyphosphinyl-p- bromothiobenzamide p-BrC6H4C(S)NHP(O)(OiPr)2 (HL) with Ni(NO3)2 in aqueous EtOH leads to complex of formula [Ni(HL-O)2(L-O,S)2] (1). The structure of 1 was investigated by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, IR, 1H and 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy, MALDI and microanalysis. The nickel(II) ion in 1 has a tetragonal-bipyramidal environment, (O ax)2(Oeq)2(Seq) 2, with two neutral ligand molecules coordinated in axial positions through the oxygen atoms of the P=O groups. The equatorial plane of bipyramide is formed by two anionic ligands involving 1,5-O,S-coordination mode. The chelating ligands are bound in trans configuration. © 2008 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA

Dinuclear complexes of copper(I) with crown ether-containing N-thiophosphorylated bis-thioureas and 2,2'-bipyridine or 1,10-phenanthroline: Synthesis, characterization, and picrate extraction properties

Reaction of O,O'-diisopropylthiophosphoric acid isothiocyanate (iPrO) 2P(S)NCS with 1,10-diaza-18-crown-6, 1,7-diaza-18-crown-6, or 1,7-diaza-15-crown-5 leads to the N-thiophosphorylated bis-thioureas N,N'-bis[C(S)NHP(S)(OiPr)2]-1,10-diaza-18-crown-6 (H 2LI), N,N'-bis[C(S)NHP(S)(OiPr)2]-1,7-diaza-18- crown-6 (H2LII) and N,N'-bis[C(S)NHP(S)(OiPr) 2]-1,7-diaza-15-crown-5 (H2LIII). Reaction of the potassium salts of H2LI-III with a mixture of CuI and 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) in aqueous EtOH/CH 2Cl2 leads to the dinuclear complexes [Cu 2(bpy)2LI-III] and [Cu2(phen) 2LI-III]. The structures of these compounds were investigated by 1H, 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The crystal structures of H2LI and [Cu2(phen)2LI] were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Extraction capacities of the obtained compounds in comparison to the related compounds 1,10-diaza-18-crown-6, N,N'-bis[C(=CMe2)CH2P(O)(OiPr)2]-1,10-diaza-18- crown-6, N,N'-bis[C(S)NHP(O)(OiPr)2]-1,10-diaza-18-crown-6 towards the picrate salts LiPic, NaPic, KPic. and NH4Pic were also studied. Copyright © 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

Peculiarities of microwave discharge between a copper pin electrode and technical water

© 2014, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Some experimental results on burning of the microwave discharge between a copper pin electrode and technical water, in air, are presented within the ranges of the voltage U = 28–75 kV, the frequency f = 40–100 MHz, and the interelectrode space l = 2–20 mm. The essential influence of the pulse repetition frequency and the interelectrode space on the development, the shape, and the structure of the microwave discharge between the copper electrode and the technical water is revealed. Also the transition of the weakly glowing microdischarges inside the microwave discharge into the multichannel spark discharge is revealed. A temperature decrease below room temperature in the interelectrode gap of the microwave discharge with the technical water is discovered

Role of salicylic acid in acclimation to low temperature

Low temperature is one of the most important limiting factors for plant growth throughout the world. Exposure to low temperature may cause various phenotypic and physiological symptoms, and may result in oxidative stress, leading to loss of membrane integrity and to the impairment of photosynthesis and general metabolic processes. Salicylic acid (SA),phenolic compound produced by a wide range of plant species, a may participate in many physiological and metabolic reactions in plants. It has been shown that exogenous SA may provide protection against low temperature injury in various plant species, while various stress factors may also modify the synthesis and metabolism of SA. In the present review, recent results on the effects of SA and related compounds in processes leading to acclimation to low temperatures will be discussed

New bifunctional N-thiophosphorylated thiourea and 2,5-dithiobiurea derivatives. Crystal structures of R[C(S)NHP(S)(OiPr)2]2 (R = -N(Ph)CH2CH2N(Ph)- and -NHNH-)

A new bifunctional N-thiophosphorylated thiourea and 2,5-dithiobiurea of the common formula R[C(S)NHP(S)(OiPr)2]2 [R = -N(Ph)CH2CH2N(Ph)- (H2La); -NHNH- (H2Lb)] have been synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H, 31P spectroscopy and the single crystal X-ray diffraction method. The structure of the latter compound in CDCl3 and acetone-d6 solutions has been discussed in comparison with the monofunctional thiosemicarbazide PhNHNHC(S)NHP(S)(OiPr)2 (HLc). © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

New bifunctional N-thiophosphorylated thiourea and 2,5-dithiobiurea derivatives. Crystal structures of R[C(S)NHP(S)(OiPr)2]2 (R = -N(Ph)CH2CH2N(Ph)- and -NHNH-)

A new bifunctional N-thiophosphorylated thiourea and 2,5-dithiobiurea of the common formula R[C(S)NHP(S)(OiPr)2]2 [R = -N(Ph)CH2CH2N(Ph)- (H2La); -NHNH- (H2Lb)] have been synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H, 31P spectroscopy and the single crystal X-ray diffraction method. The structure of the latter compound in CDCl3 and acetone-d6 solutions has been discussed in comparison with the monofunctional thiosemicarbazide PhNHNHC(S)NHP(S)(OiPr)2 (HLc). © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved