The micropalaeontology of the Middle Triassic to Upper Miocene sediments of Seram, Eastern Indonesia

Imperial Users onl

ON CERTAIN SUB-SPACE OF X

The study of properties of space of entire functions of several complex variables was initiated by Kamthan [4] using the topological properties of the space. We have introduced in this paper the sub-space of space of entire functions of several complex variables which is studied by Kamthan

Greenway Planning for Tehran Metropolis

Greenways are networks of land that are planned, designed and managed for multiple purposes including ecological, recreational, cultural, aesthetic, or other purposes compatible with the concept of sustainable land use. (Ahern, 1996) The term greenway comes from the green in greenbelt and the way in parkway, implying a recreational or pedestrian use rather than a typical street corridor, as well as an emphasis on introducing or maintaining vegetation. Some greenways tend to have a contiguous pathway, allowing urban commuting via bicycle or foot. Greenways are seen as a critical part of urban green infrastructure and as a positive way to conceptualize green space planning. The aim is to increase the quality of natural capital rather than concentrate solely on the quantity of natural capital. Greenway planning represents the coming together of various interests. It is not seen just as a way of providing an improved green structure for the landscape, but also as a mechanism for more informed decision-making and more ‘joined-up’ thinking in relation to urban and regional environmental planning. The history of greenway planning in Iran goes back to year 1600 A.C. Sheikh Bahaie, the architect and the urban planner of Isfahan in the 17th century used the Zayanderud River as the main structure of the greenway system and used the Madies as the greenway network in the city. Madies were manmade streams that they have been set apart from Zayanderud River. This kind of greenway planning in Isfahan was a crucial decision to transform the city from an arid region into a green city. Nowadays the development and planning of the cities are far from the application of greenway planning model. Tehran, the capital city of Iran, is the largest and the most populated city in the Middle East. Today, Tehran has the lack of green open spaces and the greenways could be a great response for this problem. This paper studies the greenway planning for Tehran and considers the greenways as the main green structure of the city. Greenway planning in Tehran is an exceptional opportunity to fulfill both ecological and recreational needs, while enhancing the green open spaces in the city. More specifically the goals are: ⎯ Connectivity in urban green structure with an easy access from different parts of the city ⎯ Penetration of green spaces into the urban context ⎯ Connect green areas to present a strategic whole that is greater than the sum of the parts ⎯ Improve the quality of green areas to better serve local need

Answers, Discussion and Teaching Points for Myopathies with Contracture

This PDF answers the questions posed in Issue 1 of the RRNMF Neuromuscular Journal, along with further discussion as to how to approach a case of muscle contracture and myopathy, as well as teaching points

Deciphering the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in cutaneous wound healing

PhD ThesisMSCs (N=9) were isolated from the bone marrow of patients who had received hip replacement therapy. MSC-serum free conditioned media (MSC-CM) were collected at different time points during MSC passage and analysed for protein content using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The effect of MSC-CM was tested on migration and proliferation of human skin cells (HaCat cell line, primary fibroblast and primary keratinocytes) (N=4) using a 2D scratch assay and tetrazolium salt proliferation assay respectively. For primary keratinocyte experiments, MSC-CM were collected in keratinocyte growth media containing low calcium levels (0.04 mM/L) (LC-CM). The effect of LC-CM was tested on migration and proliferation of primary keratinocytes during different testing conditions; normoxia (N=4), hypoxia (N=4), blocking of stromal derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) (N=4) and inhibition of proliferation (N=4). MSCs were tested for their ability to differentiate into epidermal like cells (ELCs) using both 2D and 3D cultures. A human 3D skin model was developed for wound healing and micro RNA profiling studies. All MSCs met the criteria stipulated by the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT). MSC-CM contained growth factors e.g. keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), platelet derived growth factor-AB (PDGF-AB), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β), macrophage stimulating protein1 (MSP-1) and SDF-1α and RT qPCR analysis demonstrated receptors of these growth factors e.g. FGFR2, c-MET, PDGFRA, TGFβ-R1, RON and CXCR4 respectively on both scratched and non-scratched primary keratinocytes. The main findings from this study showed that MSCs could differentiate into ELCs and MSC-CM were shown to have a positive effect on migration and proliferation of skin cells in 2D and 3D culture. MSC secretions collected at early time points were more effective on cell migration than those collected at later time points during MSC expansion. 2D and 3D studies also showed that cell migration was the first and the major mechanism evoked by MSCCM followed by proliferation and differentiation. Additionally, the 3D skin model developed in this study could be used as a skin replica for wound healing studies at the cellular and molecular level including the use of microRNA profiling. These microRNAs were regulated at different time points during the wound repair suggesting their participation in the different phases of the healing process. In conclusion, MSCs play a multifunctional role in the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the healing process and enhance the healing process via two mechanisms; cell mediated repair by differentiation into ELCs and secretory mediated repair by cytokines.the Higher Committees for Education Development in Iraq (HCED) and Al-Nahrain Universit

Autosomal dominant ANO5-related disorder associated with myopathy and gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the molecular basis of muscle disease and gnathodiaphyseal dysplasia (GDD) in a large kindred with 11 (6 women and 5 men) affected family members. METHODS: We performed clinical assessment of 3 patients and collected detailed clinical and family history data on 8 additional patients. We conducted molecular genetic analyses on 5 patients using comprehensive neuromuscular disorder panels, exome sequencing (ES), and targeted testing for specific genetic variants. We analyzed the segregation of the muscle and bone phenotypes with the underlying molecular cause. RESULTS: The unique clinical presentation of recurrent episodes of rhabdomyolysis associated with muscle cramps, hyperCKemia, muscle hypertrophy, with absent or mild muscle weakness, as well as cemento-osseous lesions of the mandible, with or without bone fractures and other skeletal abnormalities, prompted us to look for the underlying molecular cause of the disorder in this kindred. Molecular testing revealed a missense variant in anoctamin 5 (ANO5) designated as c.1538C>T; p.Thr513Ile, which was previously described in a large kindred with GDD. In silico analysis, searching publicly available databases, segregation analysis, as well as functional studies performed by another group provide strong evidence for pathogenicity of the variant. ES data in the proband excluded the contribution of additional genetic factors. CONCLUSIONS: This report described the coexistence of muscle and bone phenotypes in the same patients with ANO5-related disorder. Our data challenge recent results that suggested complete dichotomy of these phenotypes and the proposed loss-of-function and gain-of-function mechanisms for the skeletal and muscle phenotypes, respectively

Comparative study on flexible link aerator using arduino programming and dissolved oxygen meter

Aerator machine is widely used in agricultural sector for maintaining the production and increasing the productivity. The flexible link aerator can be used at tiger prawn pond which is suitable as it only touches the surface of water to generate dissolved oxygen. The flexible link aerator needs improvement on the operation controlling of generating dissolved oxygen to increase the productivity of aquatic lives. Flexible link aerator is one of the machines for producing standard quality water for aquatic lives. Aquatic organism depends on dissolved oxygen for survival. Arduino is the controller unit of the aerator system for controlling the level of dissolved oxygen. To reduce the steady state error the PID is attached together to the aerator system. The model tank is filled with 8 liters, 12 liters and 16 liters of water for analysing the dissolved oxygen. The flexible link aerator is operating on Arduino to get the result based on it before comparing the result of dissolved oxygen meter. The measurement of dissolved oxygen level is based on the dissolved oxygen level set on Arduino. The results from 8 liters, 12 liters and 16 liters of water by using dissolved oxygen meter , and . The results by using Arduino system are , and at 8 liters, 12 liters and 16 liters of water. The Arduino controller program and the dissolved oxygen meter show its difference in value as the dissolved oxygen meter is considering the temperature

Studying the Optimum Conditions of ‎Hygromycin B Production and Detect their ‎Toxicity

تم استخلاص ال hygromycin B بأستخدام خلات الاثيل, فُصل المحتوى العضوي عن المائي في راشح المزرعه البكتيرية السائلة, واعطى المحتوى المائي فقط فعالية حيوية بأستخدام تقنية الأنتشار في الحفر على سطح الأغر (Agar well diffusion technique) عند تركيز25ملغم/مل (كمستخلص خام) , اعطى هذا الطور فعالية حيوية ضد مجموعة من الاحياء المجهرية اشتملت على بكتريا واحدة موجبة لغرام (Staphylococcus aureus) وخمس سالبة لغرام Pseudomonas aeruginosa) , Proteus mirabilis,, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae , Salmonella typhi) و خميرة واحدة( (Saccharomyces  cerevisiae.        عند الكشف عن ال hygromycin B aminoglycoside   بأستخدام  كروموتوغرافيا الطبقه الرقيقه لتأكيد وجود المضاد الحيوي, تم الحصول على نفس معدل الجريان (Rf) 0.357 للـ hygromycin B القياسي .        اظهرت نتائج الظروف المثلى للوسط الزرعي البكتيري ان اعلى فعالية حيوية للـ hygromycin B  تم الحصول عليها عند الرقم الهيدروجيني 8  والحضن بحرارة 35 م° لمدة 10 ايام.           تمت دراسة التأثير السمي للـ hygromycin B على كبد الفئران المختبرية وأظهرت تغيرات طفيفه على انسجة كبد الفأر.Hygromycin B was extracted with ethyl acetate, which separates organic phase from aqueous phase in the broth culture filtrate, only the aqueous phase showed significant antimicrobial activity by using agar well diffusion technique. At a concentration of 25mg/ml (as crude extract), this phase excreted its activity against the test microorganisms which include; one G(+) bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), five G(–) bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi) and one yeast (Saccharomyces  cerevisiae).          After detecting the aminoglycoside hygromycin B by the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method to ensure presence of the antibiotic, same flow rate (Rf) value (0.357) as that of the standard hygromycin B was obtained.          Results of the optimization conditions showed that the highest antimicrobial activity of hygromycin B was obtained at a medium pH of 8 and incubation temperature of 35°C for 10 days. When the toxicity of hygromycin B crude extract under such conditions was examined on mice liver, a mild effects were appeare

Morphological and Chemical Properties of Particulate Matter in the Dammam Metropolitan Region: Dhahran, Khobar, and Dammam, Saudi Arabia

Characteristics of airborne particulate matter (PM) as well as its levels in air samples collected from selected sites within cities of Dhahran, Khobar, and Dammam, in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia, are investigated. Concentration levels of the 10 microns’ PM (i.e., PM10) are determined using the gravimetric technique. Morphological and chemical characteristics of the PM collected from the sampling cities are studied using Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). Moreover, levels and types of hazardous materials related to these samples are assessed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Results revealed that the average concentration levels of PM10 were approximately 177, 380, and 126 μg/m3 in Dhahran, Khobar, and Dammam, respectively. The structure of PM collected in Dhahran was mainly platy and rod-like shaped with a size between 2 and 6 μm, while PM collected in Khobar was mostly irregular in form, with a size range between 2 and 8 μm, and Dammam’s PM was rounded and between 1 and 3 μm in size. Both EDX and XRF results indicate relatively high weight % of C, O, Si, F, and Ca with lower weight % of Na, Mg, and K at the 3 cities. Finally, the study shows that Ba and Zn were the main trace metals associated with the collected PM in the 3 cities

Ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse by means of on-site produced and commercial enzymes; a comparative study

In this study ethanol was produced without using expensive commercial enzymes from sugarcane bagasse. Alkali pretreatment was used to prepare biomass before enzymatic hydrolysis. The comparison between NaOH, KOH and Ca(OH)_2 revealed that NaOH has been more effective on bagasse structure. The required enzymes for biomass hydrolysis were produced by bagasse solid state fermentation using three fungi: Trichoderma longibrachiatum, T. reesei and Aspergillus niger. Results indicated enzyme solution produced by A. niger has functioned better than the other two in cellulose conversion during sole hydrolysis. Ethanol was produced by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) with on-site prepared crude enzyme solutions and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, T. longibrachiatum had the best performance in ethanol production. To evaluate this procedure, SSF of pretreated bagasse applying Celluclast 1.5L by Novozymes was also investigated. The yield of ethanol production by commercial enzyme and T. longibrac hiatum enzyme solution were 81% and 52.5% respectively