The Influence of Incorrect Customs of Lifestyle in Hepatitis B Infection Transmission.

Hepatitis B (HB) disease occurs with high risk behaviors in the different communities. Aim of this study was to find out some of local customs in lifestyle that might be risk factors for transmitting this disease in order to design the educational programs and control it periodically in Chaharmahal VA Bakhtiari, Iran. This was a case-control study, carried out on patients with HB and the control group in Buldaji's district since October 2008 to March 2011. An expert person interviewed both these groups with a valid and reliable questionnaire. The data were gathered and analyzed by descriptive statistics; Chi-square and logistic regression.A total of 85 patients with HB were enrolled in the study. Four of wrong customs were considered as predicting risk factors for transmission of hepatitis B infection in two groups; history of making shallow incisions on the auricle or leg for healing a disease or exchanging their blood in childhood [P=0.000, OR=6.130, 95%CL: 2.648-14.192], tattooing [P=0.033, OR=1.391, 95%CL: 1.028-1.882], be born at home by an untrained midwife [P=0.005, OR=3.217, 95%CL: 1.425-7.263], receiving dental services by experimental dentists [P=0.034,OR=0.218, 95%CL: 0.053-0.893]. For development of health education materials' in our region, we focus not only on proper prevention of general risk factors of HBV transmission but also necessarily draw upon local social and cultural contexts which may spread this disease .We encourage the people to improve these customs or don't do it to control transmission of HB

The Survey Effectiveness of Active Method in Communicable Disease Surveillance

Background and purpose: Surveillance is a system of continuing health checks, is considered as a critical part of public health practice for planning and implantation of effective prevention and control interventions for communicable diseases in the region. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of an active method of data collection on the improvement of these diseases surveillance. Materials and Methods: This research was an interventional study that carried out from January 2011 to January 2013. We surveyed the number of reporting communicable diseases before and after this modification on collecting data in our region and compared them. We changed the method of data collection from passive to active by experts. The collected data analysis was performed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics and independent samples t-test. Results: A total of 763 physicians enrolled, of whom 327 were employed in the health centers non-affiliated to the university. In the centers non-affiliated to the university, the mean reporting from these centers were 12.0 ± 8.7 [95% confidence interval (CI): 11.1-13.0] after the intervention, compared with 2.8 ± 3.7 (95% CI: 2.4-3.2) before the intervention. The mean reporting from affiliated centers did not change considerably after the intervention (11.7 ± 16.1 vs. 12.1 ± 16.3). The mean reporting of both groups in 2012 was significantly different from that in 2011 (P < 0.001). But no difference was observed between mean reporting of two groups throughout 2012 (P = 0.998). Conclusion: We recommend the active method for collecting data of communicable disease, especially from the physicians in centers non-affiliated to the universit

Optic Neuropathy following Botulinum Toxin Injection into the Medial Rectus Muscle for Diplopia

Purpose: To report a case of optic neuropathy (ON) following botulinum toxin A (BTA) injection into the medial rectus muscle. Case Report: We describe a 37-year-old man with unilateral ON after a BTA injection into the left medial rectus for treatment of traumatic sixth nerve palsy. Oral prednisolone was prescribed for 14 days. After two weeks, his visual acuity returned to 20/20. Conclusion: Botulinum toxin-induced neuropathy is a rare and vision-threatening complication of BTA. In patients with recent injection of BTA who present with visual complaints, botulinum toxin-induced neuropathy should be considered

Peptide-Catalysis in Asymmetric Organic Synthesis

Stereo-selectivity is an important feature in the development of the synthesis of biologically active organic compounds. In this process, (bio) catalysts exhibit substrate specificity that allows high levels of chemo- and regio-selectivity. Over the past decade, several peptides have been developed as effective bio-catalysts for a range of synthetically valuable reactions. In comparison with proteins owing a large number of amino acids and high molecular weights, peptide-catalysts possess only a few amino acid residues, which may adopt a secondary structure suitable for synthesis of desired chiral products. In addition, the flexible nature of peptides consents for tuning of reactivity and selectivity by replacing amino acid residues. These unique aspects provide attractive biocatalysts platform for asymmetric syntheses.HighlightsAsymmetric catalysis has an impressive progression in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals.Enzymes and natural/synthetic peptides are attractive biocatalysts of the chiral reactions.Peptides show unique features compared with other catalysts in asymmetric catalysis.

The Effect of Music on Fatigue and Anxiety of Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Abstract Introduction: Chronic renal failure is largely asymptomatic complication, which requires dialysis as a time process to control it. On the other hand, due to the high prevalence and progressive maladaptive nature, its progress should be prevented. In addition to various physiological changes, it changes the mental, psychological, and social aspects of patients. Fatigue and anxiety are common nursing diagnoses of patients undergoing hemodialysis. Employment of music as a complementary therapy and an uncomplicated, low-cost, and pleasurable method can be a nursing practice to reduce such complications. The current study aimed at investigating the effect of listening to music on anxiety and fatigue in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: The current clinical trial was conducted on 25 patients as a group randomly selected to participate in the study. Patients listened to music for 30 minutes three times per week, 12 sessions a month, during hemodialysis sessions. Data were collected using three questionnaires: a researcher-made demographic information questionnaire, Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), and fatigue severity scale (FSS). Data were collected by a researcher based on interviewing method. Data were expressed as means ± standard deviation (SD). Data were statistically analyzed with SPSS version 20. The paired t test was used to compare before and after intervention mean valuesbetween the groups. The level of significance was &lt; 0.05. Results: The mean anxiety score of the patients before intervention was 19.6%, indicating a moderate level of anxiety and the mean anxiety score was 14.48% after intervention. The mean fatigue score decreased from 36.8 to 31.2, and remained at moderate levels of fatigue. The reductions were significant (P &lt; 0.05).Conclusions: The results of the current study showed that the employment of music as a complementary therapy was effective on reducing the anxiety and fatigue ofpatients undergoing hemodialysis and utilizing it along with other therapeuticinterventions is recommended

Evaluating the effects of ERP systems on performance and management accounting in organizations

Coordination of operation and information in order to elevate the efficiency is one of the processes in organizations and often has been accompanied with resorting to IT in a large scale. Organizations have implemented Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems due to problems posed by separated systems. The aim of this research is to study whether ERP systems cause increasing performance efficiency and changing management practices in organization. In addition, the role of management accountants have been examined to find out that whether they are gaining new roles within organization and whether their work content has changed after the ERP implementation. The research is conducted with a survey questionnaire. The sample consists of 50 knowledgeable persons in organizations that have implemented ERP systems. Results indicated that ERP systems have had an impact on organization performance, accountants and management accounting. These systems provide more real-time and accurate information to budgets and techniques, and organizations have also introduced advanced management accounting techniques after the implementation. As regards the time use of accountants, the results exhibit that the respondents have used less time on their routine work after the ERP implementation. This extra time is devoted on interpreting data and performance evaluation and other tasks. Finally, accountants in the study consider that the implementation of ERP systems has made skills such as, IT skills and knowledge of other functional areas more important

DRAG FORCE RELATED TO BODY DIMENSIONS IN FRONT CRAWL SWIMMING

So far, a great deal of attention has been given to find out relationship between body dimensions (anthropometrical variables) and hydrodynamic resistance for actively swimming subjects. The development of a new indirect method for determining active drag (IMAD) warranted a reevaluation of this relationship, which was the aim of present study. Twenty one novice male swimmers with different body shape and experience ranging from 11 to 14 years and in mass from 35 to 70 kg have volunteered in this study. The variables were mass, height, upper limit length, arm, forearm, hand lengths, and torso, arm, and head circumferences. Very high and significant correlations were found between active drag and anthropometric variables. The drag force was ranging from 14.5 to 52.5 N. The results achieved from this study agreed well with the results obtained by other researchers using direct measurement systems

Evaluating the effects of ERP systems on performance and management accounting in organizations

Coordination of operation and information in order to elevate the efficiency is one of the processes in organizations and often has been accompanied with resorting to IT in a large scale. Organizations have implemented Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems due to problems posed by separated systems. The aim of this research is to study whether ERP systems cause increasing performance efficiency and changing management practices in organization. In addition, the role of management accountants have been examined to find out that whether they are gaining new roles within organization and whether their work content has changed after the ERP implementation. The research is conducted with a survey questionnaire. The sample consists of 50 knowledgeable persons in organizations that have implemented ERP systems. Results indicated that ERP systems have had an impact on organization performance, accountants and management accounting. These systems provide more real-time and accurate information to budgets and techniques, and organizations have also introduced advanced management accounting techniques after the implementation. As regards the time use of accountants, the results exhibit that the respondents have used less time on their routine work after the ERP implementation. This extra time is devoted on interpreting data and performance evaluation and other tasks. Finally, accountants in the study consider that the implementation of ERP systems has made skills such as, IT skills and knowledge of other functional areas more important

Evaluating the effects of ERP systems on performance and management accounting in organizations

Coordination of operation and information in order to elevate the efficiency is one of the processes in organizations and often has been accompanied with resorting to IT in a large scale. Organizations have implemented Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems due to problems posed by separated systems. The aim of this research is to study whether ERP systems cause increasing performance efficiency and changing management practices in organization. In addition, the role of management accountants have been examined to find out that whether they are gaining new roles within organization and whether their work content has changed after the ERP implementation. The research is conducted with a survey questionnaire. The sample consists of 50 knowledgeable persons in organizations that have implemented ERP systems. Results indicated that ERP systems have had an impact on organization performance, accountants and management accounting. These systems provide more real-time and accurate information to budgets and techniques, and organizations have also introduced advanced management accounting techniques after the implementation. As regards the time use of accountants, the results exhibit that the respondents have used less time on their routine work after the ERP implementation. This extra time is devoted on interpreting data and performance evaluation and other tasks. Finally, accountants in the study consider that the implementation of ERP systems has made skills such as, IT skills and knowledge of other functional areas more important

Comparison of the effect of back massage and sound replacement on chest pain in patients hospitalized in coronary care unit

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: درد سینه یکی از نشانه های آزاردهنده و بسیار شایع در بیماری های کرونری قلب است. هدف این مطالعه تعیین تاثیر درمان های تکمیلی بر درد سینه در بیماران بستری در بخش مراقبت ویژه قلب بیمارستان های منتخب دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اصفهان بود. روش بررسی: در پژوهشی نیمه تجربی تعداد 90 بیمار به روش نمونه‌گیری آسان انتخاب و در سه گروه 30 نفری ماساژ پشت، جایگزینی صدا و بدون مداخله تقسیم شدند. در ابتدای پژوهش با هر سه گروه مصاحبه شد و پرسشنامه حاوی اطلاعات دموگرافیک، تشخیص پزشکی و میزان داروهای مسکن دریافتی تکمیل گردید. در گروه ماساژ پشت، ماساژ پشت به مدت دو روز و هر روز در دو نوبت انجام گردید. در گروه جایگزینی صدا، پخش نوار کلاسیک به مدت دو روز و هر روز در دو نوبت به میزان 30 دقیفه انجام شد. مقدار دفعات وقوع درد در طول 48 ساعت اول پذیرش ثبت گردید. داده‌های پژوهش با استفاده از آزمون های آماری کای اسکوئر و آنالیر واریانس یک طرفه تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافته ها: تفاوت آماری معنی‌داری از نظر وجود درد سینه در ابتدای پذیرش در سه گروه مشاهده نشد. میزان وقوع درد سینه بعد از 48 ساعت در گروه ماساژ پشت و جایگزینی صدا به طور معنی داری کمتر از گروه بدون مداخله بود (01/0