Anaesthesia considerations in a case of Morquio syndrome with bilateral mechanical vertebral artery occlusion: a case report

Morquio syndrome (MS) or mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) type IVA is a progressive lysosomal storage disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance. Deficiency of enzymes N-acetyl-galactosamine-6-sulphatase and beta-galactosidase which compromises the catabolism of the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) leads to excessive accumulation of GAGs in soft tissue, cartilage and bone causing severe skeletal dysplasia and difficult airway. Other systems commonly involved systems are cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, ophthalmological, otolaryngological and hepatosplenic. Most of the patients with MPS survive up to second or third decade only. We present a case of 7 years old male child, known case of Morquio syndrome who presented with acute cerebral arterial stroke due to bilateral mechanical vascular occlusion of vertebral artery, posted for occipito-cervical fusion. Understanding Morquio syndrome, its airway and the anesthetic implications and careful planning of the anesthetic technique enabled us to manage this patient successfully

Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Effect of Nyctanthes Arbor –Tristis Leaf Fractions Against Ccl4- Induced Liver Injury in Rats

The aim of the present work is to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effect of Nyctanthes arbor –tristis leaf fractions. The petroleum ether, ethylacetate and butanolic fractions of Nyctanthes arbor –tristis leaves were studied to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities in CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Oral administration of the fractions at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg once daily for 10 days significantly restored normalization of serum enzyme levels, viz. glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and markers viz. total bilirubin and direct bilirubin and the results were comparable to the effects of Liv 52. The ethylacetate and butanolic extract at the dose of 400 mg/kg was found to be more potent when compared to petroleum ether extract at similar dose. The hepatoprotection is also supported by histopathology of treated animals. In regard to antioxidant activity, ethylacetate and butanolic fractions exhibited a significant effect showing increased levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic parameters, viz. catalase, GSH, SOD and decreased level of malondialdhyde (MDA). The results of this study strongly indicate that Nyctanthes arbor –tristis leaves have potent antioxidant and hepatoprotective action against CCl4-induced hepatic damage in rats which may be due to the presence phytoconstituents such as flavonoids

Awareness about the concept of Green Corridor among medical student and doctors in a Rural Medical College of Maharashtra, India

Background: India\u27s traffic problem over the years has been the root cause of many deaths. During an medical emergency like organ transplantation over long distances, the unsuitability of roads and highways hamper in the worst way possible. In a developing unplanned country like India, where lane discipline is an alien concept, emergency lanes won\u27t sustain as of now. Thus, for provision of better health services, a temporary emergency lane has been implemented in organ transplantation cases known as a Green Corridor. It is a special route with manual operation of street signals and traffic to avoid any hindrances that could come in the way of an ambulance. Aims and Objectives: To learn about the awareness, strategies and possibilities of Green Corridor in India. Material and Method: This was an interventional study by the undergraduate students of Rural Medical College, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Maharashtra. The study also included 350 Students and 150 Faculty members of Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed University) and Practicing Doctors of Central Maharashtra were included in the survey. The survey conducted was in a pre and post-test format. Results: The study involved 500 participants out of which 135 were medical faculty and practicing doctor and 350 were students of Rural Medical College. The awareness among medical students about green corridor increased from 14% to 61%, while it went up to 71% from 26% in medical faculty after intervention. Willingness to donate organs increased from 57% to 66% and 78% to 85% among medical students and medical faculty, respectively. The participants gave suggestions to make available air ambulance & emergency roads and increase awareness regarding green corridor. Conclusion: From the survey conducted, it can be perceived that there is a massive lack of awareness about Green Corridor as well as reluctance for organ donation. Therefore, awareness should be created on a large scale so that no person is left oblivious. Even on a smaller scale, an implementation of the suggested strategies could make a massive difference in the present scenario regarding medical emergencies

Awareness about the concept of Green Corridor among medical student and doctors in a Rural Medical College of Maharashtra, India

Background: India's traffic problem over the years has been the root cause of many deaths. During an medical emergency like organ transplantation over long distances, the unsuitability of roads and highways hamper in the worst way possible. In a developing unplanned country like India, where lane discipline is an alien concept, emergency lanes won't sustain as of now. Thus, for provision of better health services, a temporary emergency lane has been implemented in organ transplantation cases known as a Green Corridor. It is a special route with manual operation of street signals and traffic to avoid any hindrances that could come in the way of an ambulance. Aims and Objectives: To learn about the awareness, strategies and possibilities of Green Corridor in India. Material and Method: This was an interventional study by the undergraduate students of Rural Medical College, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, Maharashtra. The study also included 350 Students and 150 Faculty members of Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences (Deemed University) and Practicing Doctors of Central Maharashtra were included in the survey. The survey conducted was in a pre and post-test format. Results: The study involved 500 participants out of which 135 were medical faculty and practicing doctor and 350 were students of Rural Medical College. The awareness among medical students about green corridor increased from 14% to 61%, while it went up to 71% from 26% in medical faculty after intervention. Willingness to donate organs increased from 57% to 66% and 78% to 85% among medical students and medical faculty, respectively. The participants gave suggestions to make available air ambulance & emergency roads and increase awareness regarding green corridor. Conclusion: From the survey conducted, it can be perceived that there is a massive lack of awareness about Green Corridor as well as reluctance for organ donation. Therefore, awareness should be created on a large scale so that no person is left oblivious. Even on a smaller scale, an implementation of the suggested strategies could make a massive difference in the present scenario regarding medical emergencies

Molecular Detection of Carbapenem Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Tertiary Care Hospital

Antibiotic resistance has become a serious global threat, mainly due to misuse, overuse of antibiotics and non-compliance with infection control protocol. Superbugs are multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extended drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria, mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli from the Enterobacteriaceae family, which cause opportunistic infections and raise death rates and hospital expenditures. The present study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital to study the epidemiology and molecular detection of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolated from various clinical specimens. 240 K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from January 2020 to December 2021 at the Bacteriology laboratory, Index Medical College and Hospital, Indore. All isolates were analyzed for carbapenem resistance by the conventional disc diffusion method. All carbapenem-resistant isolates were tested for carbapenemase production using the phenotypic double-disk synergy test (DDST) and modified Hodge test (MHT) as per 2020 CLSI guidelines. All isolates were negative by phenotypic methods, further confirmed by conventional PCR to detect the gene responsible for carbapenemase production. 240 isolates of K. pneumoniae were included during the study periods. Out of 240 isolates, 102 isolates were found resistant to carbapenem drugs. All 102 isolates were confirmed carbapenemase and MBL producers by MHT and DDST tests. Among 102, 60 isolates were found to be MBL producers negative by MHT and DDST tests. Sixty phenotypic negative carbapenem-resistant isolates were tested by conventional PCR. One or more carbapenemase genes were detected in 61.0% of isolates. The blaKPC was detected in 13/60 (21%) isolates, followed by blaNDM 10/60 (16%) isolates, followed by blaVIM in 6/60(10%), blaOXA-48 in 5/60 (8%) and blaIMP in 3/60(5%) isolates. K. pneumoniae produces carbapenemase, which enhances resistance to the carbapenem class of antibiotics. The simultaneous detection of these resistance genes expressed by Klebsiella pneumoniae might be managed by early detection and adhering to antibiotic policies that limit the use of antibiotics

Решение обратной задачи кинематики шестизвенного робота

Материалы XX Междунар. науч.-техн. конф. студентов, аспирантов и молодых ученых, Гомель, 23–24 апр. 2020 г

Наука и гуманизм

ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИЯНАУКАЕСТЕСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИГУМАНИЗМЭТИКАКУЛЬТУР

Varied clinical presentation of compound heterozygous thalassemia with delta beta or hereditary persistence of foetal hemoglobin

Introduction: Delta-beta thalassemia and hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) results from a deletion in both the delta and beta genes on chromosome 11. Heterozygous/Homozygous delta-beta thalassemia and HPFH have a varied clinical features including age of presentation, transfusion requirement and mild to severe anemia. Aim: To study the clinical profile of patients with compound heterozygous delta beta thalassemia/HPFH. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 5 patients diagnosed as compound heterozygous delta-beta thalassemia/HPFH and followed up in the tertiary care hospital. The diagnosis was done by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) of the patients and their parents. The data was collected from medical records of the hospital. Results: Five patients diagnosed as compound heterozygous delta-beta thalassemia/HPFH on HPLC were studied, of which 3 were males and 2 females. The mean age was 7.6 years (range 2–15). All patients had pallor and spleno-hepatomegaly at presentation. The mean hemoglobin at presentation was 6.14 gm% (range 4.2–9.2) with peripheral smear suggestive of thalassemia like picture. Mutation studies were available for 4 patients. Three patients were transfusion independent; 2 were on transfusion regimen. Conclusion: Compound heterozygous delta-beta thalassemia/HPFH has varied clinical features with severity ranging from non-transfusion dependent to transfusion dependent. As there is limited literature on compound heterozygous delta-beta thalassemia/HPFH, such cases need to be identified and reported

Antibiotic Resistance in an Indian Rural Community: A ‘One-Health’ Observational Study on Commensal Coliform from Humans, Animals, and Water

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are an escalating grim menace to global public health. Our aim is to phenotype and genotype antibiotic-resistant commensal Escherichia coli (E. coli) from humans, animals, and water from the same community with a ‘one-health’ approach. The samples were collected from a village belonging to demographic surveillance site of Ruxmaniben Deepchand (R.D.) Gardi Medical College Ujjain, Central India. Commensal coliforms from stool samples from children aged 1–3 years and their environment (animals, drinking water from children\u27s households, common source- and waste-water) were studied for antibiotic susceptibility and plasmid-encoded resistance genes. E. coli isolates from human (n = 127), animal (n = 21), waste- (n = 12), source- (n = 10), and household drinking water (n = 122) carried 70%, 29%, 41%, 30%, and 30% multi-drug resistance, respectively. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers were 57% in human and 23% in environmental isolates. Co-resistance was frequent in penicillin, cephalosporin, and quinolone. Antibiotic-resistance genes blaCTX-M-9 and qnrS were most frequent. Group D-type isolates with resistance genes were mainly from humans and wastewater. Colistin resistance, or the mcr-1 gene, was not detected. The frequency of resistance, co-resistance, and resistant genes are high and similar in coliforms from humans and their environment. This emphasizes the need to mitigate antibiotic resistance with a ‘one-health’ approach