Readiness of Iran Universities of Medical Sciences for Conducting Total Quality Management (TQM) according to Educational Managers’ Point of View

Background & Objective : Total Quality Management (TQM) is a new approach to management which must be implemented gradually during some stages. The first step is to create readiness for change conducting quality management is not possible before acquiring enough readiness. This study was conducted to evaluate the readiness of Iran Universities of Medical Sciences for conducting Total Quality Management (TQM) according to educational managers’ point of view. Methods : In this descriptive study, the participants were all educational managers of 34 Universities of Medical Sciences including 314 vice chancellors for educational affairs, heads of Medical Education Development Centers, deans and pro-vice chancellors for education. Data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire containing 27 questions about 11 signs of readiness. Results : The results of this study revealed that, considering readiness for conducting Total Quality Management, 9% of the universities were moderate (50 to 59% of the score), 79% were approximately good (60 to 69% of the score) and 12% were good (70 to 73% of the score ). The mean score for universities’ readiness was 64.5%. Readiness for applying TQM philosophy in behavior had the highest score while readiness for allocating resources had the lowest score (78% and 47.86% respectively). Conclusion : The results imply that the universities have had an improving trend and an appropriate atmosphere is ready for conducting Total Quality Management. Keywords: Total Quality Management, Management approach, Quality management philosophy, University of Medical Sciences

Атеросклероз при воспалительных заболеваниях суставов

АТЕРОСКЛЕРОЗСУСТАВОВ БОЛЕЗН

Neuro-critical Care Unit Bed Allocation Optimization based on Hybrid Approach: Designing of Experiments and Simulation

سابقه و هدف: واحد مراقبت‌های ویژه مغز و اعصاب به مراقبت از بیماران دچار شرایط بحرانی و تهدید کننده حیات در زمینه بیماری های مغز و اعصاب اختصاص دارد و از آنجایی‌که با محدودیت منابع جهت افزایش تخت های مراقبت های ویژه و همچنین افزایش زمان انتظار بیماران در این بخش رو به رو می باشیم نیازمند دستیابی به بهینه ترین ترکیب ممکن برای تخصیص تخت ها به هر نوع از بیماران و تعداد تخت در بخش مراقبت های ویژه می باشیم. لذا در این مطالعه برای استفاده بهینه از تخت ها و نیز به منظور کاهش متوسط زمان انتظار بیماران در بخش مراقبت‌های ویژه مغز و اعصاب مرکز پزشکی، آموزشی درمانی لقمان حکیم وابسته به دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی به شبیه سازی بخش مورد نظر پرداخته تا ترکیب بهینه تخت های موجود در این بخش حاصل شود. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه ابتدا ترکیب تخصیص تخت های بخش مراقبت های ویژه مغز و اعصاب بیمارستان لقمان حکیم به هر دسته از بیماری ها مشخص شد و با استفاده از نرم افزار طراحی آزمایشات بهینه ترین ترکیب های ممکن بدست آمد. سپس ترکیب های بدست آمده شبیه سازی شده و دو معیار میانگین زمان انتظار در صف برای بیماران و میزان بهره وری (اشغال تخت) برای هر یک از ترکیب ها محاسبه شد. پس از آن مدل ریاضی شامل اهداف کمینه سازی متوسط ​​زمان انتظار بیماران در صف و همچنین میانگین بهره وری تخت ها با استفاده از روش پاسخ خطی ارائه شد. نتایج: بر اساس نتایج، تعداد بهینه انواع تخت های مورد استفاده در این بخش به ترتیب برابر با شش، دو، سه، سه و دو تخت برآورد شدند که منجر به متوسط زمان انتظار 1.4 ساعتی بیماران و نیز متوسط بهره وری 34.5 درصدی مجموع تخت ها شد. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج مطالعه حاضر بیانگر این واقعیت است که بهینه سازی تخصیص تخت در بخش مراقبت‌های ویژه مغز و اعصاب با بکارگیری رویکرد ترکیبی شبیه سازی و طراحی آزمایشات ، باعث کاهش متوسط زمان انتظار بیماران و به تبع آن افزایش بهره وری (درصد اشتغال به کار) تخت ها می شود. How to cite this article: Goharani R, Shafagh-sorkh O, Nateghinia S, Hajiesmaeili M, Alibabaei A, Shafigh N. Neuro-critical Care Unit Bed Allocation Optimization based on Hybrid Approach: Designing of Experiments and Simulation. J Saf Promot Inj Prev. 2021; 9(1):9-17.Background & Objectives: Neurological Critical Care Unit is allocated for patients with critical conditions in the field of neurological diseases. ICU beds and their equipment are very expensive and there are some economic constraints for increasing the ICU beds. At the same time, the admission waiting time for patients in this unit is not favorable. Therefore, an initiative for better management of this ward was needed.  The objective of this study was to examine an optimal program for allocating beds to patients, based on their required length of stay in the unit. Methods and Materials: In this study, different categories of patients and their quantity was investigated in the Loghman Hakim hospital. Then, by using the design of experiments technique, optimal combinations were obtained. The obtained combinations were simulated for each of two criteria was calculated; patients' average waiting time and bed occupancy rate. Subsequently, a mathematical model with the objective function of minimizing the average waiting time for patients, as well as the average bed occupancy rate was presented using the linear response method. Results: According to the results of this study, an optimal combination of beds allocation to different categories of patients for the Neurological Critical Care Unit were respectively 6, 2, 3, 3, and 2 beds, and average waiting time was 1.4 hours and an average bed occupancy rate was 34.5%. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that optimization of bed allocation in ICU by using a combined approach of simulation and design of experiments, resulted in a decrease in average waiting time and increase in bed occupancy rate (bed productivity). How to cite this article: Goharani R, Shafagh-sorkh O, Nateghinia S, Hajiesmaeili M, Alibabaei A, Shafigh N. Neuro-critical Care Unit Bed Allocation Optimization based on Hybrid Approach: Designing of Experiments and Simulation. J Saf Promot Inj Prev. 2021; 9(1):9-17. &nbsp

Evaluation of Education Development Centers for Medical Sciences: Challenges and Strategies

Background & Objective: The main objective of medical education is the training of competent and qualified personnel to maintain and improve public health. In this regard, education development centers (EDC) for medical sciences have been established to provide and assess the quality of education. Therefore, due to the need for these centers, this study aimed to examine their challenges and provide strategies to improve their performance. Methods: An applied and qualitative study was carried out in 2013. The study population was 288 members of the managers and personnel of study centers and development offices of faculties, educational deputies, heads of universities, and faculty members. Data was collected during a 2-day scheduled conference in the form of 5 key lectures, 3 panels, and 6 Focus Group Discussions. Data analysis was performed using framework analysis. Results: In the correct establishment of the centers, 7 key challenges and 18 sub-challenges were identified. Within the framework of the educational governance and leadership, components such as policy making, monitoring, evaluation, and predisposing components of implementation like structure, manpower, and processes were identified. The relationship between policy making, evaluation, and sub-components is defined by two key factors of knowledge management and communications. Conclusion: EDC centers have been challenged because of moving away from the original position of knowledge management and communications in the field of governance to ensure and improve the quality of education. The 3 trends of integration of education and service delivery, privatization of services, and lack of clarity of interactions between public and private sector have exacerbated these challenges. Keywords Governance and educational leadership Quality of education Education development centers for medical science

Thiol-ene Nanostructuring

Improving the health and well-being of humankind does not only constitute part of our moral codes, but is also enlisted as the number three goal of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development set by the UN. Fulfilling such objective in the regions of resource-poor settings or for age groups with more vulnerability to infectious agents demands immediate actions. This has necessitated novel ways of rapid and ultra-sensitive diagnostics to provide compact and affordable systems, e.g. for an early detection of bacteria and viruses. The fields of bio-micro/nanoelectromechanical systems (BioMEMS/NEMS) and lab-on-a-chip (LoC) have been founded based on such demands, but critically challenged by problems partly associated with manufacturing and material domains and biosensing methods. The fabrication methods for the miniaturization of features and components are often complicated and expensive, the commonly used materials are typically not adaptable to industrial settings, and the sensing mechanisms are sometimes not sensitive enough for the detection of lowly-concentrated samples. In this thesis, new methods of ultra-miniaturization, as well as conventional cleanroom-based techniques, for nanopatterning of well-defined topographies in off-stoichiometry thiol-ene-(epoxy) polymers are presented. In addition, their use for several sensing applications has been demonstrated. The first part of the thesis gives an introduction to the field of BioMEMS/NEMS. The second part of the thesis presents a technical background about the prevalent methods of polymer micro- and nanofabrication, implementation of the resulting polymer structures for different sensing applications, along with the existing challenges and shortcomings associated with state of the art. The third part of the thesis presents e-beam nanostructuring of thiol-ene resist, for the first time, achieving the smallest and densest features reported in these polymer networks. The thiol-ene-based polymer also represents a novel class of e-beam resist resulting in structures with reactive surface nature. The fourth part of the thesis demonstrates the use of thiol-ene-epoxy systems for nanoimprint lithography and further shows the structuring of high-aspect-ratio and hierarchical topologies via single-step UV-NIL. The fifth part of the thesis introduces Micro- and NanoRIM platforms for scalable and off-cleanroom manufacturing of microfluidic devices and nanostructuring of materials in thiol-ene (-epoxy) systems. The sixth part of the thesis exhibits the implementation of the noted nanofabrication methods for different BioMEMS/NEMS applications including protein nanopatterning, simultaneous molding and surface energy patterning, ultra-sensitive digital biosensing, and facile quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor packaging.QC 20190405</p

Thiol-ene Nanostructuring

Improving the health and well-being of humankind does not only constitute part of our moral codes, but is also enlisted as the number three goal of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development set by the UN. Fulfilling such objective in the regions of resource-poor settings or for age groups with more vulnerability to infectious agents demands immediate actions. This has necessitated novel ways of rapid and ultra-sensitive diagnostics to provide compact and affordable systems, e.g. for an early detection of bacteria and viruses. The fields of bio-micro/nanoelectromechanical systems (BioMEMS/NEMS) and lab-on-a-chip (LoC) have been founded based on such demands, but critically challenged by problems partly associated with manufacturing and material domains and biosensing methods. The fabrication methods for the miniaturization of features and components are often complicated and expensive, the commonly used materials are typically not adaptable to industrial settings, and the sensing mechanisms are sometimes not sensitive enough for the detection of lowly-concentrated samples. In this thesis, new methods of ultra-miniaturization, as well as conventional cleanroom-based techniques, for nanopatterning of well-defined topographies in off-stoichiometry thiol-ene-(epoxy) polymers are presented. In addition, their use for several sensing applications has been demonstrated. The first part of the thesis gives an introduction to the field of BioMEMS/NEMS. The second part of the thesis presents a technical background about the prevalent methods of polymer micro- and nanofabrication, implementation of the resulting polymer structures for different sensing applications, along with the existing challenges and shortcomings associated with state of the art. The third part of the thesis presents e-beam nanostructuring of thiol-ene resist, for the first time, achieving the smallest and densest features reported in these polymer networks. The thiol-ene-based polymer also represents a novel class of e-beam resist resulting in structures with reactive surface nature. The fourth part of the thesis demonstrates the use of thiol-ene-epoxy systems for nanoimprint lithography and further shows the structuring of high-aspect-ratio and hierarchical topologies via single-step UV-NIL. The fifth part of the thesis introduces Micro- and NanoRIM platforms for scalable and off-cleanroom manufacturing of microfluidic devices and nanostructuring of materials in thiol-ene (-epoxy) systems. The sixth part of the thesis exhibits the implementation of the noted nanofabrication methods for different BioMEMS/NEMS applications including protein nanopatterning, simultaneous molding and surface energy patterning, ultra-sensitive digital biosensing, and facile quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor packaging.QC 20190405</p

Thiol-ene Nanostructuring

Improving the health and well-being of humankind does not only constitute part of our moral codes, but is also enlisted as the number three goal of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development set by the UN. Fulfilling such objective in the regions of resource-poor settings or for age groups with more vulnerability to infectious agents demands immediate actions. This has necessitated novel ways of rapid and ultra-sensitive diagnostics to provide compact and affordable systems, e.g. for an early detection of bacteria and viruses. The fields of bio-micro/nanoelectromechanical systems (BioMEMS/NEMS) and lab-on-a-chip (LoC) have been founded based on such demands, but critically challenged by problems partly associated with manufacturing and material domains and biosensing methods. The fabrication methods for the miniaturization of features and components are often complicated and expensive, the commonly used materials are typically not adaptable to industrial settings, and the sensing mechanisms are sometimes not sensitive enough for the detection of lowly-concentrated samples. In this thesis, new methods of ultra-miniaturization, as well as conventional cleanroom-based techniques, for nanopatterning of well-defined topographies in off-stoichiometry thiol-ene-(epoxy) polymers are presented. In addition, their use for several sensing applications has been demonstrated. The first part of the thesis gives an introduction to the field of BioMEMS/NEMS. The second part of the thesis presents a technical background about the prevalent methods of polymer micro- and nanofabrication, implementation of the resulting polymer structures for different sensing applications, along with the existing challenges and shortcomings associated with state of the art. The third part of the thesis presents e-beam nanostructuring of thiol-ene resist, for the first time, achieving the smallest and densest features reported in these polymer networks. The thiol-ene-based polymer also represents a novel class of e-beam resist resulting in structures with reactive surface nature. The fourth part of the thesis demonstrates the use of thiol-ene-epoxy systems for nanoimprint lithography and further shows the structuring of high-aspect-ratio and hierarchical topologies via single-step UV-NIL. The fifth part of the thesis introduces Micro- and NanoRIM platforms for scalable and off-cleanroom manufacturing of microfluidic devices and nanostructuring of materials in thiol-ene (-epoxy) systems. The sixth part of the thesis exhibits the implementation of the noted nanofabrication methods for different BioMEMS/NEMS applications including protein nanopatterning, simultaneous molding and surface energy patterning, ultra-sensitive digital biosensing, and facile quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor packaging.QC 20190405</p

Poetic Return in Afghanistan Persian Poem

 Abstract Poetic return movement was started by a group of poets like Moshtagh and Shole Esfehani in the second half of 12 century. Their goal was restoring Persian poem and deliverance of Hindi style decline. Esfahanâs poets initiative was considered only in Iran but in other Persian language and literature areas like India, Afghanistan and Transoxiana it was ignored. After the failure of constitutional Movement in Afghanistan, motion similar poetic return was happened that caused poetic themes, which had gone towards modernism, return to Hindi style again.The present paper attempts to analyze the poetic atmosphere in Afghanistan synchronous the poetic return movement in Iran and investigate socio- political backgrounds of return to Hindi style in Afghanistan after constitution failure.

Poetic Return in Afghanistan Persian Poem

Abstract Poetic return movement was started by a group of poets like Moshtagh and Shole Esfehani in the second half of 12 century. Their goal was restoring Persian poem and deliverance of Hindi style decline. Esfahan’s poets initiative was considered only in Iran but in other Persian language and literature areas like India, Afghanistan and Transoxiana it was ignored. After the failure of constitutional Movement in Afghanistan, motion similar poetic return was happened that caused poetic themes, which had gone towards modernism, return to Hindi style again.The present paper attempts to analyze the poetic atmosphere in Afghanistan synchronous the poetic return movement in Iran and investigate socio- political backgrounds of return to Hindi style in Afghanistan after constitution failure

NanoRIM : Sub-micron Structuring with Reaction Injection Molding

  We report “nanoRIM”, the first reaction injection molding (RIM) replication method for thermosets with demonstrated feature sizes down to 250 nm. NanoRIM constitutes the first scalable manufacturing method for thermoset polymers that allows combining large (&gt; cm) and small (&lt; μm) lateral feature sizes with varying replica thickness in the same device. We demonstrate nanoRIM for manufacturing replica in off-stoichiometry thiol-ene (OSTE) thermoset.QC 20170123</p