Effects of Starch and Fat Concentrations in Starter Grain on Jersey Calf Performance

We investigated the nutritional needs of Jersey calves, focusing on meeting energy requirements by altering starch and fat concentrations in calf starters. Thirty-six female Jersey calves were grouped by BW and birth date and randomly assigned among 3 calf starters: 35% starch and 2% fat (HST), 20% starch and 2% fat (LST), and 35% starch and 4% fat (HST-F). The fat supplement for HST-F consisted of 20% coconut oil, 45% lard, 15% flaxseed oil, and 20% soybean oil. Calves were fed 4 L of colostrum at birth. All calves were fed the same milk replacer at 4.4 L/d during week one, 5.2 L/d during wk 2 to 7, and 2.6 L/d during wk 8 prior to weaning. Intake was measured daily and wither heights (WH) and BW were measured weekly. One week after weaning, fecal and feed samples were collected daily for 3 d. Using acid insoluble ash, apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and crude protein (CP) were determined. Neither starter (0.54, 0.52, and 0.56 kg/d, respectively for LST, HST, and HST-F) nor total DM intakes (1.05, 0.99, and 1.08 kg/d, respectively) differed among treatments. Average daily gains from birth through wk 10 were similar among groups (0.534, 0.586, and 0.550 kg/d, respectively), thus BW and WH were similar across weeks. Digestibilities of DM (66.0, 73.4, and 70.2%, respectively), NDF (50.2, 41.6, and 41.4%, respectively), and CP (65.1, 67.6, and 62.6%, respectively) were similar among treatments. Fecal scoring was evaluated on a 1-6 scale. For the first 4 weeks, there were no differences among treatments for average fecal scores and days with fecal scores of 1 to 4. Starch and fat concentrations in the starters appeared to not affect calf performance which can provide flexibility in formulation of starters based on ingredient costs.AJCC Research Foundation of the American Jersey Cattle AssociationHonors Committee for OSU's College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental SciencesNo embargoAcademic Major: Animal Science

Hydrostatic liquid-bearing for precision gyro

Unit with 2W power increase and slightly larger overall dimensions performs as well as or better than its gas-bearing counterpart. Liquid-bearings are built by reworking serviceable gas-bearing components /sleeves, endplates, and cylinders/. Hydrostatic bearing is self-centered, requiring no magnetic suspension or centering jewel

Le società cooperative nell’ordinamento giuridico italiano: l’invalidità delle delibere assembleari e il voto segreto

En el presente artículo se analizan dos aspectos de las cooperativas que forman una sociedad anónima: la anulación de las deliberaciones de la Asamblea y la admisibilidad de la votación secreta.This paper concerns the analysis of two aspects of the Italians cooperatives in the form of Joint Stock Company: disability of shareholder resolutions and admissibility of the secret vote.L’articolo ha ad oggetto l’analisi di due aspetti relativi alle società cooperative in forma di società per azioni: l’annullabilità delle delibere delle assemblee e l’ammissibilità del voto segreto.peerReviewe

The art of leverage. A study of bank power, money-making and debt finance

There are two main theories of banking which seem to be incompatible by nature. According to the first, banks intermediate money through their credit infrastructure but are not themselves able to create new money. By contrast, the second argues that banks do create money out of nothing in the process of lending their credit. Significantly, despite their contrasts, both theories conceptualise banking in functionalist terms as the financing of other people’s indebtedness. In so doing, they relegate to the side-lines the fact that banks are in the business first and foremost to ‘make money’ for themselves as they leverage their unique market position as dealers of other people’s debts. The article thus investigates the phenomenon of modern banking as the art of leverage. After showing the specificity of bank leverage relative to other forms of leverage across society, it delineates the fundamentals of a political economy of banking, money-making and debt finance. Finally, the article turns to an analysis of how contemporary banks make money and at once weave the infrastructure of financial markets through leverage-enhancing techniques rooted in repurchase agreements

A comparison of phytoplankton nutrient limitation between the marsh and beach environments of Waties Island, SC

The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in nutrient limitation within the beach and marsh environments at Waties Island, SC. Conducting the experiment on Waties Island allowed most physical factors to be held as constant, meaning the marsh and beach environments would serve as the only variables. Experiments were performed in the winter, spring, summer and fall of 2018 to determine temporal changes in limitation to phytoplankton and cyanobacteria growth. Nutrient additions included dissolved inorganic nitrogen (nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium), dissolved organic nitrogen (urea), and phosphate. To test for co-limitation, a nitrate & phosphate treatment was also used. Triplicate treatments were incubated for 48 hours in a Thermo Scientific Precision Model 818 Incubator. Changes in phytoplankton and cyanobacteria biomass were determined by monitoring chlorophyll, phycocyanin, and phycoerythrin concentrations fluorometrically. What was found was typical of coastal marine environments in the southeastern United States; that nitrogen is the main limiting nutrient and each species of nitrogen exhibited a significant difference in growth from the control. Between the marsh and beach environments, the marsh exhibited higher control growth rates, while the beach was the more nutrient limited environment. Seasonally, the marsh became less nutrient limited as the seasons progressed from winter to fall, while the beach maintained constantly limitation year-round. Within the marsh, cyanobacteria were found to be non-nutrient limited however phosphorus caused a significant depression in cyanobacteria growth. In the beach, the primary cyanobacteria nutrient was phosphorus while nitrogen served as the secondary limiting nutrient

Hydrostatic fluid bearing gyro, volume 2 Final report

Stabilizing gyro utilizing re-circulated liquid hydrostatic gimbal bearin

Historicising the money of account: a critique of the nominalist ontology of money

The article puts forward a case against the nominalist ontology of money, that is, the heterodox notion that moneyness – the quality of being money – is conferred by the money of account. From the nominalist perspective, money is essentially a balance-sheet phenomenon: a credit-debit bookkeeping entity whose origins can be traced back to ancient Near Eastern practices of accounting. This ontological position, which is often erroneously traced back to Keynes’ Treatise, mystifies and obscures the actual history of the money of account as a regime of monetary governance and a mode of speculation that only made sense in the European late medieval context of bimetallism. The article thus provides a critique of monetary nominalism based on Keynes’ reflection on the value of money in the Treatise and the General Theory. In turn, it proceeds to historicise the phenomenon of the money of account, building on the seminal contributions of Marc Bloch and Luigi Einaudi

Who owes? Class struggle, inequality and the political economy of leverage in the 21st century

The prevalent consensus in critical social sciences is that finance articulates the world economy as a global hierarchy of creditor-debtor relations that reproduce and further aggravate existing income and wealth inequalities. Class struggle is correspondingly understood as a conflict between elite creditors, who are members of the global top 1% of wealth holders, and mass debtors, who are burdened by growing costs of servicing public and private debts. This article offers an alternative understanding of how debt, inequality and class relate to one another. At its basis is the recognition that over the past four decades, finance has empowered upper class borrowers, including the top 1%, as it has magnified their capacity to generate capital gains and capture greater wealth and income shares via levered-up investments and other forms of positioning in financial and property markets. The article thus provides a political economy of leverage as power, showing how contemporary global finance has not given shape to a distributional conflict between creditors and debtors as two distinct classes, but instead has set debtors against debtors, and namely the greater borrowers against the lesser ones

Produzione e caratterizzazione di peptidi antimicrobici di origine umana

I peptidi antimicrobici (AMPs) sono piccole molecole cationiche caratterizzate da un’elevata attività antimicrobica sia nei confronti di batteri Gram-negativi che Gram-positivi. In natura esistono molte proteine con funzione non strettamente correlata alla difesa dell’ospite, che possiedono al loro interno sequenze peptidiche antimicrobiche. Al riguardo in letteratura è noto il caso del peptide GKY-20, un peptide antimicrobico presente nella regione C-terminale della trombina umana. Negli ultimi anni l’attenzione è stata rivolta alla sintesi di peptidi derivanti dalla regione di legame al recettore dell ’apolipoproteina E; tali peptidi, ottenuti in forma sintetica combinando corte sequenze amminoacidiche della regione sopradescritta, si sono dimostrati essere ottimi candidati nel trattamento di condizioni infiammatorie. In questo lavoro riportiamo la caratterizzazione strutturale e funzionale di due nuovi AMPs identificati in ApoE, il primo corrispondente ai residui 133-150 e il secondo ai residui 130-167. I risultati presentati evidenziano che questi peptidi, prodotti sia in forma eterologa che chimicamente, possiedono un ampio spettro di attività antimicrobica e la tendenza ad assumere una conformazione ad -elica in presenza di agenti che mimano la membrana batterica, come TFE e SDS, o di polimeri caratteristici dei batteri Gram negativi come il lipopolisaccaride (LPS). E’ importante inoltre notare che sia ApoE (133-150) che ApoE (130-167) non risultano essere tossici nei confronti di diverse linee cellulari umane e innescano una significativa risposta immunitaria innata, soprattutto Apo E (133-150), valutata sia come diminuzione dei livelli di espressione di citochine pro-infiammatorie in macrofagi umani (monociti THP-1 differenziati), sia valutata andando ad analizzare il rilascio di chemochine da parte cellule PBMC. Nel complesso, tali dati suggeriscono che questi peptidi potrebbero essere utilizzati come modello per la progettazione di nuove terapie immunomodulanti