61 research outputs found
Geometric phase around exceptional points
A wave function picks up, in addition to the dynamic phase, the geometric
(Berry) phase when traversing adiabatically a closed cycle in parameter space.
We develop a general multidimensional theory of the geometric phase for
(double) cycles around exceptional degeneracies in non-Hermitian Hamiltonians.
We show that the geometric phase is exactly for symmetric complex
Hamiltonians of arbitrary dimension and for nonsymmetric non-Hermitian
Hamiltonians of dimension 2. For nonsymmetric non-Hermitian Hamiltonians of
higher dimension, the geometric phase tends to for small cycles and
changes as the cycle size and shape are varied. We find explicitly the leading
asymptotic term of this dependence, and describe it in terms of interaction of
different energy levels.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, with revisions in the introduction and conclusio
Unfolding of eigenvalue surfaces near a diabolic point due to a complex perturbation
The paper presents a new theory of unfolding of eigenvalue surfaces of real
symmetric and Hermitian matrices due to an arbitrary complex perturbation near
a diabolic point. General asymptotic formulae describing deformations of a
conical surface for different kinds of perturbing matrices are derived. As a
physical application, singularities of the surfaces of refractive indices in
crystal optics are studied.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figure
Detecting level crossings without looking at the spectrum
In many physical systems it is important to be aware of the crossings and
avoided crossings which occur when eigenvalues of a physical observable are
varied using an external parameter. We have discovered a powerful algebraic
method of finding such crossings via a mapping to the problem of locating the
roots of a polynomial in that parameter. We demonstrate our method on atoms and
molecules in a magnetic field, where it has implications in the search for
Feshbach resonances. In the atomic case our method allows us to point out a new
class of invariants of the Breit-Rabi Hamiltonian of magnetic resonance. In the
case of molecules, it enables us to find curve crossings with practically no
knowledge of the corresponding Born-Oppenheimer potentials.Comment: 4 pages, new title, no figures, accepted by Phys. Rev. Let
Projective Hilbert space structures at exceptional points
A non-Hermitian complex symmetric 2x2 matrix toy model is used to study
projective Hilbert space structures in the vicinity of exceptional points
(EPs). The bi-orthogonal eigenvectors of a diagonalizable matrix are
Puiseux-expanded in terms of the root vectors at the EP. It is shown that the
apparent contradiction between the two incompatible normalization conditions
with finite and singular behavior in the EP-limit can be resolved by
projectively extending the original Hilbert space. The complementary
normalization conditions correspond then to two different affine charts of this
enlarged projective Hilbert space. Geometric phase and phase jump behavior are
analyzed and the usefulness of the phase rigidity as measure for the distance
to EP configurations is demonstrated. Finally, EP-related aspects of
PT-symmetrically extended Quantum Mechanics are discussed and a conjecture
concerning the quantum brachistochrone problem is formulated.Comment: 20 pages; discussion extended, refs added; bug correcte
Complex magnetic monopoles, geometric phases and quantum evolution in vicinity of diabolic and exceptional points
We consider the geometric phase and quantum tunneling in vicinity of diabolic
and exceptional points. We show that the geometric phase associated with the
degeneracy points is defined by the flux of complex magnetic monopole. In
weak-coupling limit the leading contribution to the real part of geometric
phase is given by the flux of the Dirac monopole plus quadrupole term, and the
expansion for its imaginary part starts with the dipolelike field. For a
two-level system governed by the generic non-Hermitian Hamiltonian, we derive a
formula to compute the non-adiabatic complex geometric phase by integral over
the complex Bloch sphere. We apply our results to to study a two-level
dissipative system driven by periodic electromagnetic field and show that in
the vicinity of the exceptional point the complex geometric phase behaves as
step-like function. Studying tunneling process near and at exceptional point,
we find two different regimes: coherent and incoherent. The coherent regime is
characterized by the Rabi oscillations and one-sheeted hyperbolic monopole
emerges in this region of the parameters. In turn with the incoherent regime
the two-sheeted hyperbolic monopole is associated. The exceptional point is the
critical point of the system where the topological transition occurs and both
of the regimes yield the quadratic dependence on time. We show that the
dissipation brings into existence of pulses in the complex geometric phase and
the pulses are disappeared when dissipation dies out. Such a strong coupling
effect of the environment is beyond of the conventional adiabatic treatment of
the Berry phase.Comment: 29 pages, 21 figure
Shape optimization for the generalized Graetz problem
We apply shape optimization tools to the generalized Graetz problem which is a convection-diffusion equation. The problem boils down to the optimization of generalized eigen values on a two phases domain. Shape sensitivity analysis is performed with respect to the evolution of the interface between the fluid and solid phase. In particular physical settings, counterexamples where there is no optimal domains are exhibited. Numerical examples of optimal domains with different physical parameters and constraints are presented. Two different numerical methods (level-set and mesh-morphing) are show-cased and compared
A Regularized Discrete Laminate Parametrization Technique with Applications to Wing-Box Design Optimization
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/97055/1/AIAA2012-1519.pd
Applying social influence insights to encourage climate resilient domestic water behaviour: Bridging the theory-practice gap
Water scarcity is one of the most pressing issues of our time and it is projected to increase as global demand surges and climate change limits fresh water availability. If we are to reduce water demand, it is essential that we draw on every tool in the box, including one that is underestimated and underutilised: social influence. Research from the psychological sciences demonstrates that behaviour is strongly influenced by the behaviour of others, and that social influence can be harnessed to develop cost-effective strategies to encourage climate resilient behaviour. Far less attention has been paid to investigating water-related interventions in comparison to interventions surrounding energy. In this paper we consider the application of three social influence strategies to encourage water conservation: social norms; social identity; and socially-comparative feedback. We not only review their empirical evidence base, but also offer an example of their application in the residential sector with the aim of highlighting how theoretical insights can be translated into practice. We argue that collaborations between researchers and industry are essential if we are to maximise the potential of behaviour change interventions to encourage climate resilient water behaviour
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