Newsletter of the Self-Employed Womens Union - No.21

Ngomhla we 12 ku May uSEWU wamenywa ukuba azokwenza iziphakamiso kwikomiti ejongene nokulinganiswa kwabantu ngokungakhethe sini (Commission for Gender Equality)malunga nemeko yamakhosikazi azisebenzelayo. Lekomishoni yonyulwe ngo 1997. Ngethuba ekwakuqala ingxoxo zopolitiko malunga noMzantsi Afrika omtsha, kwavunyelwana ukuba urhulumente omtsha akasayi kuvumela ukuxhatshazwa kwabantu ngesini. Yaye bayakuqinisekisa ukuba kuphunyezwa umthetho kwakhiwe nepolisi ezilungiselele ukukhusela oko

Local Wisdom as an Effort to Prevent and Restore Victims of Human Trafficking through Online Scammers

Tindak pidana perdagangan orang menjadi isu penting untuk dibahas. Perkembangan teknologi membuat modus tindak pidana perdagangan orang bukan lagi dilakukan dengan cara konvensional, melainkan juga secara daring dengan menggunakan berbagai platform. Salah satu modus yang digunakan adalah melalui online scammer. Kearifan lokal membentuk karakter masyarakat Indonesia menjadi pribadi yang baik. Dengan begitu, kearifan lokal dapat menjadi upaya pencegahan dan pemulihan korban tindak pidana perdagangan orang melalui online scammer. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode yuridis normatif. Penelitian dengan studi kepustakaan berfokus pada analisis dan penafsiran terhadap sumber-sumber hukum. Di beberapa sistem hukum, kearifan lokal diakui sebagai sumber hukum yang penting. Sumber hukum ini mungkin tidak tertulis dan lebih bersifat tradisional, seperti adat istiadat, kepercayaan lokal, dan praktik yang diakui dalam masyarakat tertentu. Hasil penelitian ini ialah bahwa tindak pidana perdagangan orang secara online scammer adalah penipuan perdagangan orang yang dilakukan secara daring. Pelaku biasanya akan menargetkan para korbannya dengan sebuah iklan pekerjaan di berbagai platform ataupun dengan menghubungi korban secara langsung dengan menawarkan pekerjaan. Kearifan lokal sesungguhnya dapat menjadi salah satu upaya preventif untuk mencegah tindak pidana perdagangan orang melalui online scammer. Karena dengan adanya ajaran atau pengetahuan kearifan lokal sejak dini, maka masyarakat akan memiliki bekal untuk hidup di dunia luar. Seorang korban perdagangan orang akan terpengaruh secara negatif fisik, mental, dan/atau emosinya. Kearifan lokal bisa menjadi salah satu sarana untuk membantu proses pemulihan pada korban tindak pidana perdagangan orang

Corporate Liability and Law Enforcement For Drivers For Malfunction Errors In The Autopilot Feature In Electric Vehicles

Perkembangan teknologi, kendaraan listrik yang dilengkapi dengan autopilot telah muncul sebagai salah satu kemajuan terbaru di sektor transportasi. Karena sistem telah mengambil alih kemudi dengan menggunakan teknologi ini, pengemudi tidak perlu lagi mengoperasikan mobil sama sekali. Persyaratan yang diuraikan dalam UU LLAJ harus ditegakkan ketika menggunakan jenis kendaraan atau transportasi apa pun. Semakin banyak produk mobil listrik yang masuk ke Indonesia ditambah dengan tidak adanya legalitas kendaraan tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pertanggungjawaban korporasi sebagai pelaku usaha wajib bertanggung jawab atas keberadaan sistem tersebut dan penegakan hukum bagi pengemudi. Metode yuridis normatif digunakan untuk penelitian ini, dan berfokus pada standar hukum yang baik yang ditemukan dalam UU No. 8 tahun 1999 untuk perlindungan konsumen dan UU No. 22 tahun 2009 untuk lalu lintas dan angkutan jalan. Hasil penelitian ini ialah bahwa pertanggungjawaban korporasi terhadap pengemudi adalah memberikan ganti rugi yang setara atas kerugian yang diderita oleh konsumen akibat kecelakaan yang disebabkan gagalnya sistem auto pilot dalam kendaraan listrik dan untuk pengemudi mobil listrik sendiri mendapat perlindungan hukum sesuai dengan apa yang telah dituangkan dalam UU No. 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen dan konsumen berhak mendapatkan kompensasi atas kerugian yang konsumen derita

Influence of Dipo Rite Performance on the Girl Child’s Education and the People of Yilo and Lower Manya Krobo

This paper investigates the impact of the Dipo rite performance on the education of Ghana's Yilo and Lower Manya Krobo girls and their communities. The Dipo rite is a Yilo and Lower Manya Krobo tradition that entails the initiation of girls into womanhood. It is deeply rooted in their culture. It has been discovered, however, that the practise has detrimental effects on the education, health, and economic well-being of females and their families, frequently leading to early marriage and school dropout. Using social learning theory as a theoretical framework, this paper investigates how cultural practises such as the Dipo rite performance are learned and transmitted across generations, as well as the potential for behaviour modification through modelling and reinforcement. The paper examines empirical studies that examined the attitudes of parents, community leaders, and the larger society towards the Dipo rite performance and its effect on girls' education. The findings suggest that interventions that promote positive attitudes towards girls' education and discourage detrimental traditional practises could result in behaviour modification among parents, community leaders, and the larger society. In its conclusion, the paper suggests a multifaceted approach to addressing the issue, including community sensitization, the involvement of local leaders, and government policies that support girls' education

Penyalahgunaan Artificial Intelligence Terhadap Tokoh Masyarakat Dalam Konten Di Media Sosial Berdasarkan Perundang-Undangan Di Indonesia

Kemajuan teknologi yang muncul di dunia memaksa manusia untuk terus beradaptasi dan berinovasi. Salah satu terobosan teknologi yang paling inovatif adalah kecerdasan buatan atau artificial intelligence. Ketiadaan payung hukum dapat menimbulkan penyimpangan penggunaan artificial intelligence yang merugikan orang lain seperti penggunaan wajah tokoh masyarakat, yang dijadikan parodi ataupun suara yang dibuat sama seperti tokoh masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah penyalahgunaan artificial intelligence terhadap tokoh masyarakat dalam konten di media sosial berdasarkan perundang-undangan di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan peraturan perundang – undangan (statute approach), dan pengkajian terhadap norma – norma dan kaidah – kaidah yang berlaku di Indonesia. Hasil Penelitian ini ialah pengaturan artificial intelligence masuk kedalam ranah Undang–Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, selain itu penggunaan Artificial Intelligence juga diawasi oleh Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara serta pihak kepolisian pun menerapkan mempunyai divisi siber polri untuk menangani kasus yang bersifat elektronik dan digital. Untuk perlindungan terhadap public figure yang dirugikan karena data pribadinya dipergunakan sebagai artificial intelligence dilindungi di dalam Undang-Undang Perlindungan Data Pribadi dan dapat di indikasikan pada unsur pencemaran nama baik dalam ruang lingkup Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana.Technological advancements that emerge in the world force humans to continue to adapt and innovate. One of the most innovative technological breakthroughs is artificial intelligence. The absence of a legal umbrella can lead to irregularities in the use of artificial intelligence that harm others such as the use of the faces of public figures, or those made into parodies or voices made the same as public figures. The purpose of this research is the misuse of artificial intelligence against public figures in content on social media based on legislation in Indonesia. The method used in this research is a statute approach, and an assessment of the norms and rules that apply in Indonesia. The result of this research is that the regulation of artificial intelligence is included in the realm of the Electronic Information and Transaction Law, besides that the use of Artificial Intelligence is also supervised by the State Cyber and Sandi Agency and the police also apply having a police cyber division to handle cases that are electronic and digital. For the protection of public figures who are harmed because their personal data is used as artificial intelligence, it is protected in the Personal Data Protection Law and can be indicated in the element of defamation in the scope of the Criminal Code

PENYULUHAN HUKUM DAN BIMBINGAN TEKNIS BAGI PELAKU USAHA MIKRO KECIL DAN MENENGAH KELURAHAN KEBONLEGA-KOTA BANDUNG: PEMBUATAN NOMOR INDUK BERUSAHA DAN ASPEK HUKUM PROMOSI PRODUK MELALUI SOSIAL MEDIA

Aktivitas pengabdian kepada masyarakat merupakan bagian dari aktivitas penerapan ilmu pengetahuan yang dapat memberikan manfaat langsung kepada masyarakat.  Fakultas Hukum Universitas Kristen Maranatha melaksanakan pengabdian masyarakat untuk mensosialisasikan pentingnya pembuatan Nomor Induk Berusaha, dan aspek hukum promosi produk melalui sosial media kepada masyarakat Kelurahan Kebonlega-Kota Bandung. Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi dan pendampingan teknis terkait pembuatan Nomor Induk Berusaha, dan memberikan pengetahuan kepada pelaku UMKM terkait aspek hukum dalam promosi produk melalui sosial media Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (selanjutnya disebut UMKM). Metode yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan abdimas ini adalah dengan melaksanakan aktivitas pendahuluan berupa pengkajian terhadap Undang-undang Nomor 20 tahun 2008 tentang Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah yang merupakan dasar hukum pengaturan UMKM. Kemudian, dilakukan wawancara pendahuluan dengan Lurah Kebonlega terkait profil pengusaha UMKM di wilayah tersebut. Diperoleh informasi bahwa masyarakat di Kelurahan Kebonlega- Kota Bandung merupakan pengusaha UMKM di bidang produksi sepatu, usaha pangan, kerajinan aksesoris yang terbuat dari kulit seperti tas, dompet, dan sebagainya. Aktivitas inti dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah penyuluhan hukum dan pendampingan pembuatan Nomor Induk Berusaha. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini menunjukan bahwa pelaku UMKM di lingkungan Kelurahan Kebonlega kota Bandung telah memiliki kesadaran tentang pentingnya memiliki NIB, dan pentingnya pengetahuan tentang promosi produk secara online. Para peserta juga telah memperoleh manfaat konkrit dari berlangsungnya kegiatan ini, di mana masyarakat langsung didampingi dalam proses pembuatan NIB dan langsung memperoleh print out NIB dari web resmi oss.go.id &nbsp

Glossary of terms used in biochar research (IUPAC Technical Report).

Biochar is the solid carbonaceous product of biomass pyrolysis. The properties of biochar depend on the biomass feedstock as well as the pyrolysis temperature and time. Therefore, biochars with different properties and functionalities can be produced. Biochar research has been intensive in the past 15 years, focusing mainly on soil applications, wastewater treatment, and contaminant remediation. However, a formal definition of biochar and related terms is missing, which hinders the standardization of scientific results worldwide and the scaling-up of research at the industrial level. Furthermore, an official terminology may promote the development of a harmonized legal framework for biochar production and applications, both at regional and national levels. This glossary of terms consists of 178 scientifically sound definitions of the most commonly used terms in biochar research. The definitions of this glossary are interconnected, allowing the reader to further explore the synergies between terms. The distribution of terms reflects the multidisciplinarity of biochar research: chemistry, material science and engineering, and soil science are the main disciplines represented here. The list of terms is by no means exhaustive and the strategic objective of this effort is to develop a dynamic document in which more terms will be added in the future, and the existing ones will be refined, as biochar research evolves.On-line first

Microalgal biomass generation via electroflotation: a cost-effective dewatering technology

Microalgae are an excellent source of bioactive compounds for the production of a wide range of vital consumer products in the biofuel, pharmaceutical, food, cosmetics, and agricultural industries, in addition to huge upstream benefits relating to carbon dioxide biosequestration and wastewater treatment. However, energy-efficient, cost-effective, and scalable microalgal technologies for commercial-scale applications are limited, and this has significantly impacted the full-scale implementation of microalgal biosystems for bioproduct development, phycoremediation, and biorefinery applications. Microalgae culture dewatering continues to be a major challenge to large-scale biomass generation, and this is primarily due to the low cell densities of microalgal cultures and the small hydrodynamic size of microalgal cells. With such biophysical characteristics, energy-intensive solid–liquid separation processes such as centrifugation and filtration are generally used for continuous generation of biomass in large-scale settings, making dewatering a major contributor to the microalgae bioprocess economics. This article analyzes the potential of electroflotation as a cost-effective dewatering process that can be integrated into microalgae bioprocesses for continuous biomass production. Electroflotation hinges on the generation of fine bubbles at the surface of an electrode system to entrain microalgal particulates to the surface. A modification of electroflotation, which combines electrocoagulation to catalyze the coalescence of microalgae cells before gaseous entrainment, is also discussed. A technoeconomic appraisal of the prospects of electroflotation compared with other dewatering technologies is presented

BMJ Open

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to estimate alcohol and tobacco use prevalence and their correlates among female sex workers (FSW), men who have sex with men (MSM) and drug users (DU) in Togo. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A cross-sectional bio-behavioural study was conducted among 2115 MSM, FSW and DU in 2017 using a respondent-driven sampling method, in the eight biggest towns of Togo. Selection criteria for the MSM were being male and having had oral or anal intercourse with a man in the previous 12 months; for FSW, being a female and having exchanged sex for money in the previous 12 months; and for DU, consuming heroin, cocaine or hashish for MSM, FSW and DU, respectively. All participants had to be at least 18 years old and residing in the territory for the past 3 months. RESULTS: The prevalence of alcohol consumption, hazardous/harmful consumption and binge drinking was 64.8%, 38.4% and 45.5%, respectively. Current tobacco use was reported by 30.6% of participants and HIV prevalence was estimated at 12.5%. DU were more likely to engage in binge drinking compared with other key populations (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.0; 95% CI 1.4 to 2.8; p=0.001). Participants who were identified as having hazardous/harmful alcohol consumption had almost three times the odds of tobacco consumption than those with no risky consumption (aOR=2.6; 95% CI 2.0 to 3.4; p=0.001). Hazardous/harmful alcohol consumption was three times more likely among participants with severe psychological distress compared with those with no psychological distress (aOR=3.3, 95% CI 2.2 to 5.1; p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Findings from this study demonstrate the need for the integration of mental health and substance abuse reduction interventions into HIV prevention programme, particularly those geared towards key populations

PLoS One

Objectives Mental health is a largely neglected issue among in Sub-Saharan Africa, especially among key populations at risk for HIV. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of psychological distress (PD) and to assess the factors associated among males who have sex with males (MSM), female sex workers (FSW) and drug users (DU) in Togo in 2017. Study design A cross-sectional bio-behavioral study was conducted in August and September 2017 using a respondent-driven sampling (RDS) method, in eight cities in Togo. Methods A standardized questionnaire was used to record sociodemographic characteristics and sexual behaviors. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and a subset of questions from the Tobacco Questions for Survey were used to assess alcohol and tobacco consumption respectively. PD was assessed with the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. A blood sample was taken to test for HIV. Descriptive statistics, univariable and multivariable ordinal regression models were used for analysis. Results A total of 2044 key populations including 449 DU, 952 FSW and 643 MSM with a median age of 25 years, interquartile range (IQR) [21–32] were recruited. The overall prevalence of mild PD among the three populations was 19.9% (95%CI = [18.3–21.8]) and was 19.2% (95%CI = [17.5–20.9]) for severe/moderate PD. HIV prevalence was 13.7% (95%CI = [12.2–15.2]). High age (≥ 25 years) [aOR = 1.24 (95% CI: 1.02–1.50)], being HIV positive [aOR = 1.80 (95% CI: 1.31–2.48)] and hazardous alcohol consumption [aOR = 1.52 (95% CI: 1.22–1.87)] were risk factors for PD. Secondary [aOR = 0.52 (95% CI: 0.42–0.64)] or higher [aOR = 0.46 (95% CI: 0.32–0.64)] education levels were protective factors associated with PD. FSW [OR = 0.55 (95% CI: 0.43–0.68)] and MSM [OR = 0.33 (95% CI: 0.24–0.44)] were less likely to report PD compared with DU. Conclusion and recommendations This is the first study conducted among a large, nationally representative sample of key populations in Togo. The prevalence of PD is high among these populations in Togo and was associated to HIV infection. The present study indicates that mental health care must be integrated within health programs in Togo with a special focus to key populations through interventions such as social support groups