Passive smoking indicators in Italy: does the gross domestic product matter?

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to analyse the correlation between regional values of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and passive smoking in Italy. METHODS: The outcome measures were smoking ban respect in public places, workplaces and at home, derived from the PASSI surveillance for the period 2011⁻2017. The explanatory variable was GDP per capita. The statistical analysis was carried out using bivariate and linear regression analyses, taking into consideration two different periods, Years 2011⁻2014 and 2014⁻2017. RESULTS: GDP is showed to be positively correlated with smoking ban respect in public places (r = 0.779 p < 0.001; r = 0.723 p < 0.001 in the two periods, respectively), as well as smoking ban respect in the workplace (r = 0.662 p = 0.001; r = 0.603 p = 0.004) and no smoking at home adherence (r = 0.424 p = 0.056; r = 0.362 p = 0.107). In multiple linear regression GDP is significantly associated to smoking ban respect in public places (adjusted β = 0.730 p < 0.001; β = 0.698 p < 0.001 in the two periods, respectively), smoking ban in workplaces (adjusted β = 0.525 p = 0.020; β = 0.570 p = 0.009) and no smoking at home (adjusted β = 0.332 p = 0.070; β = 0.362 p = 0.052). CONCLUSIONS: Smoking ban is more respected in Regions with higher GDP. For a better health promotion, systematic vigilance and sanctions should be maintained and strengthened, particularly in regions with low compliance with smoking bans

Ventricular androgenic-anabolic steroid-related remodeling: an immunohistochemical study

Background: Several fatal cases of bodybuilders, following a myocardial infarction after long exposure to androgenicanabolic steroids (AAS), are reported. In recent years, evidence has emerged of cases of heart failure related to AAS consumption, with no signs of coronary or aorta atherosclerosis. This study aims to further investigate the pathogenesis of the ventricular AAS-related remodeling performing immunohistochemistry (IHC). Method: In order to examine innate immunity activity and myocytes and endothelial cell apoptosis, IHC analyses were performed on heart tissue of two cases of bodybuilders who died after years of supratherapeutic use of metelonone and nandrolone and where no atherosclerosis or thrombosis were found, using the following antibodies: anti-CD68, anti-iNOS, anti-CD163, anti-CD 15, anti-CD8, anti-CD4, anti-HIF1 α, and in situ TUNEL staining. Results: Results confirm the experimental findings of recent research that, in the absence of other pathological factors, if intensive training is combined with AAS abuse, myocytes and endothelial cells undergo apoptotic alterations. The absence of inflammatory reactions and the presence of an increased number of M2 macrophages in the areas of fibrotic remodeling confirm that the fibrotic changes in the heart are apoptosisrelated and not necrosis-related. Conclusions In conclusion, the study indicates that, in very young subjects with chronic hypoxia-related alterations of the heart, signs of a heart failure in the other organs and a history of AAS abuse, death can be ascribed to progressive heart failure due to the direct apoptotic cardiac and endothelial changes produced by AAS

Reliability and use of Copenhagen Burnout Inventory in italian sample of university professors

Academics often have to face with burnout syndrome at work. This cross-sectional study evaluates the reliability of the Italian version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) in a sample of Academics of Sapienza University of Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, through an online questionnaire composed of the CBI, SF12 Health Survey, and Positivity Scale. Univariate, bivariate, multivariate analyses, and Cronbach α coefficients of CBI were performed. Ninety-five participants completed the questionnaire (response rate 85%). Cronbach’s α of the three domains were high (0.892, 0.868, and 0.836). Women, younger and part time professors reported higher score in personal (p = 0.025; 0.060) and work burnout. In multivariate analysis decreasing age (β = −0.263; p = 0.001); being a professor in environmental technicians (β = −0.120; p = 0.098); and low mental (β = −0.263; p = 0.020), physical (β = −0.319; p ≤ 0.001) and positivity scores (β = −0.237; p = 0.031) predict significantly higher personal burnout. Low physical (β = −0.346; p &lt; 0.001) and mental (β = − 0.249; p = 0.013) positivity (β = −0.345; p = 0.001) scores; fewer years of work (β = −0.269; p ≤ 0.001); and being a medical or nursing professor (β = 0.169; p = 0.016) predicts high work burnout. Low MCS predicts a high level of student burnout. Results suggest that the Italian version of the CBI is a reliable instrument. Further research should focus on the prevalence of burnout in academics

Extracellular pH, osmolarity, temperature and humidity could discourage SARS-CoV-2 cell docking and propagation via intercellular signaling pathways

open9sì: The COVID-19 pandemic and its virus variants continue to pose a serious and long-lasting threat worldwide. To combat the pandemic, the world's largest COVID-19 vaccination campaign is currently ongoing. As of July 19th 2021, 26.2% of the world population has received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine (1.04 billion), and one billion has been fully vaccinated, with very high vaccination rates in countries like Israel, Malta, and the UEA. Conversely, only 1% of people in low-income countries have received at least one dose with examples of vaccination frequency as low as 0.07% in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is thus of paramount importance that more research on alternate methods to counter cell infection and propagation is undertaken that could be implemented in low-income countries. Moreover, an adjunctive therapeutic intervention would help to avoid disease exacerbation in high-rate vaccinated countries too. Based on experimental biochemical evidence on viral cell fusion and propagation, herein we identify (i) extracellular pH (epH), (ii) temperature, and (iii) humidity and osmolarity as critical factors. These factors are here in discussed along with their implications on mucus thick layer, proteases, abundance of sialic acid, vascular permeability and exudate/edema. Heated, humidified air containing sodium bicarbonate has long been used in the treatment of certain diseases, and here we argue that warm inhalation of sodium bicarbonate might successfully target these endpoints. Although we highlight the molecular/cellular basis and the signalling pathways to support this intervention, we underscore the need for clinical investigations to encourage further research and clinical trials. In addition, we think that such an approach is also important in light of the high mutation rate of this virus originating from a rapid increase.openCicconetti, Franco; Sestili, Piero; Madiai, Valeria; Albertini, Maria Cristina; Campanella, Luigi; Coppari, Sofia; Fraternale, Daniele; Saunders, Bryan; Teodori, LauraCicconetti, Franco; Sestili, Piero; Madiai, Valeria; Albertini, Maria Cristina; Campanella, Luigi; Coppari, Sofia; Fraternale, Daniele; Saunders, Bryan; Teodori, Laur

Knowledge and perception about climate change among healthcare professionals and students: A cross-sectional study

Aim:&nbsp;The aim of this study was to assess knowledge on Climate Change (CC) and related consequences among students and professionals of healthcare setting. Methods:&nbsp;A cross-sectional study involving 364 people was conducted. The survey was performed at Sapienza University (Rome) using questionnaire previously developed and validated by the same research group. Results:&nbsp;Findings indicate awareness about CC and its effects and correct identification of practices that could help to mitigate its repercussions. The majority of the participants believed that CC had an impact on the health of humans (96.7%), animals (99.5%) and on the environment (99.7%). Results from the multivariate analysis regarding overall knowledge, show an increased odd in professionals (OR=2.08; 95%CI=1.02-4.26), individuals from the North (OR=3.34; 95%CI=1.37-8.15) and from the Center (OR=2.07; 95%CI=1.17-3.66). Regarding factors able to modify Earth's climate, correct answer had higher odds of being chosen by professionals (OR=2.83; 95%CI=1.41–5.70), and from individuals from South/Islands than by the ones from the Center (OR=0.65; 95%CI=0.40-1.06). The main sources of information resulted to be TV and school/university. Conclusions:&nbsp;These new evidences could guide policymakers on increasing the awareness of the population about this fundamental subject. Funding:&nbsp;This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors

Knowledge and perception about climate change among healthcare professionals and students: A cross-sectional study

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess knowledge on Climate Change (CC) and related consequences among students and professionals of healthcare setting. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 364 people was conducted. The survey was performed at Sapienza University (Rome) using questionnaire previously developed and validated by the same research group. Results: Findings indicate awareness about CC and its effects and correct identification of practices that could help to mitigate its repercussions. The majority of the participants believed that CC had an impact on the health of humans (96.7%), animals (99.5%) and on the environment (99.7%). Results from the multivariate analysis regarding overall knowledge, show an increased odd in professionals (OR=2.08; 95%CI=1.02-4.26), individuals from the North (OR=3.34; 95%CI=1.37-8.15) and from the Center (OR=2.07; 95%CI=1.17-3.66). Regarding factors able to modify Earth's climate, correct answer had higher odds of being chosen by professionals (OR=2.83; 95%CI=1.41–5.70), and from individuals from South/Islands than by the ones from the Center (OR=0.65; 95%CI=0.40-1.06). The main sources of information resulted to be TV and school/university. Conclusions: These new evidences could guide policymakers on increasing the awareness of the population about this fundamental subject. Funding: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. &nbsp; Author contributions: Conceptualization, G.L.T. and A.D.C..; Methodology, G.L.T. and A.M..; Formal Analysis, A.D.P.B., C.S., R.A.C., D.B.; Investigation, A.D.P.B., C.S., R.A.C., D.B.; Data Curation, A.D.P.B., C.S.; Writing – Original Draft Preparation, R.A.C., D.B.; Writing – Review &amp; Editing, R.A.C., D.B., A.M..; Supervision, G.L.T..; Project Administration, G.L.T. &nbsp; Conflicts of interest: None declare

Preventive medicine center and health care for students of medicine and health professions at the Sapienza University of Rome: a research protocol

This project aims to develop a Center of Preventive Medicine and Health Care for the students of Medicine and Health profession at Sapienza University of Rome. At the beginning of the university career students, both residents and nonresident s, have to face several difficulties such as: starting smoking or the increase in cigarette consumption ; the independent management of their own health (especially for non residents consequently to the distance of the family doctor) ; unhealthy diet; tuberculosis (TB) biological risk during their university training. These aspects , especially if present at the same time, act as a source stress and adversely affect the quality of life and the academic performance. Specific aims of the project will be: implementing an ambulatory of Preventive Medicine; implementing a virtual ambulatory of general medicine; creating a website on the problems mentioned above. Data collected will be computerized to keep an electronic health record (HER) and to use the information for the purposes of scientific research. The Centre will act in close relationship with the Central Administration, with the Headmasters of the Medical Faculties, and in close collaboration with the Center of Occupational Medicine of Sapienza University

Estrelas e Ases: o retrato fotográfico em Portugal (1916-1936)

Desde o final da década de 1910 e durante os anos 1920, a Fotografia Brasil, uma firma de retrato fotográfico de Lisboa, dirigida por Joaquim da Silva Nogueira, introduziu práticas modernas na fotografia portuguesa, praticamente dominada ainda por um gosto Oitocentista que tinha forte presença na maior parte dos estúdios fotográficos portugueses. Lisboa era escala frequente de artistas internacionais que itineravam a América do Sul e, em particular, o Brasil. O trabalho de Silva Nogueira beneficiou das sessões de pose com esses artistas que escalavam Lisboa durante as tournées artísticas. Desde 1920, a Fotografia Brasil tornou-se a principal fornecedora de retratos de artistas para a imprensa ilustrada portuguesa, sedenta de imagens do teatro. As origens da Fotografia Brasil podem justificar, por exemplo, as ousadas sessões com a bailarina e cantora de origem italiana, Adria Rodi, cujas poses audazes foram captadas pelo olhar moderno de Silva Nogueira, surpreendendo a conservadora sociedade portuguesa e introduzindo um novo padrão estético no retrato fotográfico. Muitos dos mais populares artistas de palco portugueses passaram a fotografar-se no seu estúdio e pontuaram as páginas das secções teatrais dos magazines ilustrados partilhadas com as estralas internacionais, que realçavam a modernidade das imagens de Silva Nogueira. Embora a maior parte dos artistas dos palcos portugueses tenham recorrido a Silva Nogueira durante os cinquenta anos de actividade do estúdio, foi durante os anos 1920 que ele se destacou em especiais cumplicidades com alguns desses artistas como Luísa Satanela que protagonizou um papel chave na transformação da cena teatral portuguesa. Satanela introduziu figurinos, cenários e coreografias modernistas nas representações da revista à portuguesa, um género teatral muito popular em Portugal. Silva Nogueira retratou Satanela de forma extensa em séries fotográficas de modernidade surpreendente, inovando sucessivamente num processo invulgar de cumplicidade, dando o mote para uma renovação decisiva da actividade do retrato fotográfico com ênfase no grande plano e na imagem do corpo. Os jovens artistas e intelectuais procuraram afirmar os valores modernistas na conservadora sociedade portuguesa. Destacou-se António Ferro. Como crítico teatral promoveu o modernismo nos palcos, em particular na revista. A campanha que pôs em 3 marcha nos jornais teve considerável sucesso. Mas Ferro usou a mesma abordagem ao intervir na propaganda, a se dedicou ainda antes de assumir a direcção do SPN. António Ferro teve um papel crucial na afirmação da visualidade em diversos âmbitos da sociedade portuguesa, da literatura ao jornalismo, do teatro à política. Na propaganda política nacional, Ferro suscitou a fotografia e o retrato fotográfico, entre outras áreas das artes para afirmar o novo regime, o Estado Novo, bem como os seus líderes, em particular o Presidente do Conselho, Oliveira Salazar. A afirmação visual do perfil discreto de Salazar representou um desafio particular para Ferro. Em última instância Ferro convocou a capacidade de um fotógrafo moderno, Silva Nogueira para conseguir capturar a imagem oficial de Salazar. Esse retrato esteve presente em todas as repartições públicas e escolas. Por fim, o modernismo, através do retrato fotográfico tinha conseguido assumir-se como a imagem institucional do país.From late 1910’s and throughout the 1920’s the Fotografia Brasil, a Lisbon commercial portraiture studio, led by Joaquim da Silva Nogueira, introduced modernist practices in Portuguese photography, still dominated by late 19th century taste that had a strong expression in most Portuguese photographic studios. Lisbon was then a frequent scale to South America, and especially to Brazilian ports. The work of Silva Nogueira benefited a lot from the posing sessions with foreign artists that scaled Lisbon during their artistic tours. Since 1920, Fotografia Brasil became the leading supplier of artist portraits to the Portuguese illustrated press eager of pictures from theatrical activity. The background of the Fotografia Brasil photographic portraits activity may justify, for instance, the daring photo sessions with the Italian born dancer and singer Adria Rodi, whose audacious poses captured by Silva Nogueira’s modern photographic look surprised the conservative Portuguese society and established a model to the changes in photographic portrait practice. Photographs of other popular artists soon started to be regularly published in special sections of illustrated magazine face to face with international stars highlighting Silva Nogueira’s modern portraits. Though most of Portuguese stage artists called upon the services of Silva Nogueira throughout fifty year of his studio’s activity, it was during the 1920’s that he stood out establishing a special relationship with the actress, singer and dancer Luísa Satanela who played a key role in the transformation of the Portuguese theatrical scene. Satanela introduced modernist design costumes, sceneries and dancing choreographies in the stage performances of revista, a theatrical genre quite popular in Portugal. Silva Nogueira extensively portrayed Satanela in surprisingly modern photographic series, innovating over and over in an unusual complicity process, setting the pace for the decisive renewal of the Portuguese photographic portrait activity with emphasis in close-up and body image. Portuguese young artists and intellectuals tried to assert modernism in Portuguese’s conservative society. António Ferro stood out in this role. As theatre critique he promoted modernist taste in theatrical productions, particularly in light theater. The campaign Ferro carried out in the press gave noticeable results. A transformation in theatre was noticed closing it to the cosmopolitan international productions. But Ferro also followed the same form of intervention in political propaganda, to which he started to devote himself even earlier of his nomination as director of the National Propaganda Secretariat. António Ferro had a crucial role in visuality’s assertion in different aspects of the Portuguese society, from literature to journalism, theater and particularly politics. In national political propaganda, Ferro called upon photography and photographic portrait among other areas of visual arts to disclose the new regime, the Estado Novo, as well as his leaders, particularly the Prime Minister Oliveira Salazar. The assertion of Salazar’s visual discreet profile represented a major challenge to Ferro. Ultimately Ferro called the skills of the modernist photographer Silva Nogueira to succeed in capturing the official image of Salazar. That portrait stood in every governmental office and school. Finally modernism, throughout photographic portrait stand out as Portuguese’s institucional image

Genome wide association mapping for agronomic, fruit quality, and root architectural traits in tomato under organic farming conditions

[EN] Background Opportunity and challenges of the agriculture scenario of the next decades will face increasing demand for secure food through approaches able to minimize the input to cultivations. Large panels of tomato varieties represent a valuable resource of traits of interest under sustainable cultivation systems and for genome-wide association studies (GWAS). For mapping loci controlling the variation of agronomic, fruit quality, and root architecture traits, we used a heterogeneous set of 244 traditional and improved tomato accessions grown under organic field trials. Here we report comprehensive phenotyping and GWAS using over 37,300 SNPs obtained through double digest restriction-site associated DNA (dd-RADseq). Results A wide range of phenotypic diversity was observed in the studied collection, with highly significant differences encountered for most traits. A variable level of heritability was observed with values up to 69% for morphological traits while, among agronomic ones, fruit weight showed values above 80%. Genotype by environment analysis highlighted the strongest genotypic effect for aboveground traits compared to root architecture, suggesting that the hypogeal part of tomato plants has been a minor objective for breeding activities. GWAS was performed by a compressed mixed linear model leading to 59 significantly associated loci, allowing the identification of novel genes related to flower and fruit characteristics. Most genomic associations fell into the region surrounding SUN, OVATE, and MYB gene families. Six flower and fruit traits were associated with a single member of the SUN family (SLSUN31) on chromosome 11, in a region involved in the increase of fruit weight, locules number, and fruit fasciation. Furthermore, additional candidate genes for soluble solids content, fruit colour and shape were found near previously reported chromosomal regions, indicating the presence of synergic and multiple linked genes underlying the variation of these traits. Conclusions Results of this study give new hints on the genetic basis of traits in underexplored germplasm grown under organic conditions, providing a framework for the development of markers linked to candidate genes of interest to be used in genomics-assisted breeding in tomato, in particular under low-input and organic cultivation conditions.This research was supported by the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program for funding this research under grant agreement No 774244 (Breeding for Resilient, Efficient and Sustainable Organic Vegetable Production; BRESOV) and by 'RGV-FAO'project funded by the Italian Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Forestry. The funding bodies were not involved in the design of the study, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, and in writing the manuscript.Tripodi, P.; Soler Aleixandre, S.; Campanelli, G.; Díez Niclós, MJTDJ.; Esposito, S.; Sestili, S.; Figás-Moreno, MDR.... (2021). Genome wide association mapping for agronomic, fruit quality, and root architectural traits in tomato under organic farming conditions. BMC Plant Biology. 21(1):1-22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-03271-412221

Towards a TILLING platform for functional genomics in Piel de Sapo melons

Background The availability of genetic and genomic resources for melon has increased significantly, but functional genomics resources are still limited for this crop. TILLING is a powerful reverse genetics approach that can be utilized to generate novel mutations in candidate genes. A TILLING resource is available for cantalupensis melons, but not for inodorus melons, the other main commercial group. Results A new ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized (EMS) melon population was generated for the first time in an andromonoecious non-climacteric inodorus Piel de Sapo genetic background. Diverse mutant phenotypes in seedlings, vines and fruits were observed, some of which were of possible commercial interest. The population was first screened for mutations in three target genes involved in disease resistance and fruit quality (Cm-PDS, Cm-eIF4E and Cm-eIFI(iso)4E). The same genes were also tilled in the available monoecious and climacteric cantalupensis EMS melon population. The overall mutation density in this first Piel de Sapo TILLING platform was estimated to be 1 mutation/1.5 Mb by screening four additional genes (Cm-ACO1, Cm-NOR, Cm-DET1 and Cm-DHS). Thirty-three point mutations were found for the seven gene targets, six of which were predicted to have an impact on the function of the protein. The genotype/phenotype correlation was demonstrated for a loss-of-function mutation in the Phytoene desaturase gene, which is involved in carotenoid biosynthesis. Conclusions The TILLING approach was successful at providing new mutations in the genetic background of Piel de Sapo in most of the analyzed genes, even in genes for which natural variation is extremely low. This new resource will facilitate reverse genetics studies in non-climacteric melons, contributing materially to future genomic and breeding studies.González, M.; Xu, M.; Esteras Gómez, C.; Roig Montaner, MC.; Monforte Gilabert, AJ.; Troadec, C.; Pujol, M.... (2011). Towards a TILLING platform for functional genomics in Piel de sapo melons. BMC Research Notes. 4(289):289-299. doi:10.1186/1756-0500-4-289S2892994289The International Cucurbit Genomics Initiative (ICuGI). [ http://www.icugi.org ]González-Ibeas D, Blanca J, Roig C, González-To M, Picó B, Truniger V, Gómez P, Deleu W, Caño-Delgado A, Arús P, Nuez F, García-Mas J, Puigdomènech P, Aranda MA: MELOGEN: an EST database for melon functional genomics. BMC Genomics. 2007, 8: 306-10.1186/1471-2164-8-306.Fita A, Picó B, Monforte A, Nuez F: Genetics of Root System Architecture Using Near-isogenic Lines of Melon. J Am Soc Hortic Sci. 2008, 133: 448-458.Fernandez-Silva I, Eduardo I, Blanca J, Esteras C, Picó B, Nuez F, Arús P, Garcia-Mas J, Monforte AJ: Bin mapping of genomic and EST-derived SSRs in melon (Cucumis melo L.). Theor Appl Genet. 2008, 118: 139-150. 10.1007/s00122-008-0883-3.Deleu W, Esteras C, Roig C, González-To M, Fernández-Silva I, Blanca J, Aranda MA, Arús P, Nuez F, Monforte AJ, Picó MB, Garcia-Mas J: A set of EST-SNPs for map saturation and cultivar identification in melon. BMC Plant Biol. 2009, 9: 90-10.1186/1471-2229-9-90.Mascarell-Creus A, Cañizares J, Vilarrasa J, Mora-García S, Blanca J, González-Ibeas D, Saladié M, Roig C, Deleu W, Picó B, López-Bigas N, Aranda MA, Garcia-Mas J, Nuez F, Puigdomènech P, Caño-Delgado A: An oligo-based microarray offers novel transcriptomic approaches for the analysis of pathogen resistance and fruit quality traits in melon (Cucumis melo L.). BMC Genomics. 2009, 10: 467-10.1186/1471-2164-10-467.Blanca JM, Cañizares J, Ziarsolo P, Esteras C, Mir G, Nuez F, Garcia-Mas J, Pico B: Melon transcriptome characterization. SSRs and SNPs discovery for high throughput genotyping across the species. Plant Genome. 2011, 4 (2): 118-131. 10.3835/plantgenome2011.01.0003.González VM, Benjak A, Hénaff EM, Mir G, Casacuberta JM, Garcia-Mas J, Puigdomènech P: Sequencing of 6.7 Mb of the melon genome using a BAC pooling strategy. BMC Plant Biology. 2010, 10: 246-10.1186/1471-2229-10-246.Moreno E, Obando JM, Dos-Santos N, Fernández-Trujillo JP, Monforte AJ, Garcia-Mas J: Candidate genes and QTLs for fruit ripening and softening in melon. Theor Appl Genet. 2007, 116: 589-602.Essafi A, Díaz-Pendón JA, Moriones E, Monforte AJ, Garcia-Mas J, Martín-Hernández AM: Dissection of the oligogenic resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus in the melon accession PI 161375. Theor Appl Genet. 2009, 118: 275-284. 10.1007/s00122-008-0897-x.Comai L, Henikoff S: TILLING: practical single-nucleotide mutation discovery. Plant J. 2006, 45: 684-94. 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02670.x.Cooper JL, Till BJ, Laport RG, Darlow MC, Kleffner JM, Jamai A, El-Mellouki T, Liu S, Ritchie R, Nielsen N, et al: TILLING to detect induced mutations in soybean. BMC Plant Biol. 2008, 8 (1): 9-10.1186/1471-2229-8-9.Dalmais M, Schmidt J, Le Signor C, Moussy F, Burstin J, Savois V, Aubert G, de Oliveira Y, Guichard C, Thompson R, Bendahmane A: UTILLdb, a Pisum sativum in silico forward and reverse genetics tool. Genome Biol. 2008, 9: R43-10.1186/gb-2008-9-2-r43.Dierking EC, Bilyeu KD: New sources of soybean meal and oil composition traits identified through TILLING. BMC Plant Biol. 2009, 9: 89-10.1186/1471-2229-9-89.Perry J, Brachmann A, Welham T, Binder A, Charpentier M, Groth M, Haage K, Markmann K, Wang TL, Parniske M: TILLING in Lotus japonicus identified large allelic series for symbiosis genes and revealed a bias in functionally defective ethyl methanesulfonate alleles toward glycine replacements. Plant Physiol. 2009, 151 (3): 1281-1291. 10.1104/pp.109.142190.Caldwell DG, McCallum N, Shaw P, Muehlbauer GJ, Marshall DF, Waugh R: A structured mutant population for forward and reverse genetics in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Plant J. 2004, 40 (1): 143-150. 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02190.x.Henikoff S, Bradley JT, Comai L: TILLING. Traditional mutagenesis meets functional genomics. Plant Physiol. 2004, 135: 630-636. 10.1104/pp.104.041061.Wu JL, Wu C, Lei C, Baraoidan M, Bordeos A, Madamba MR, Ramos-Pamplona M, Mauleon R, Portugal A, Ulat VJ, et al: Chemical- and irradiation-induced mutants of indica rice IR64 for forward and reverse genetics. Plant Mol Biol. 2005, 59 (1): 85-97. 10.1007/s11103-004-5112-0.Slade AJ, Fuerstenberg SI, Loeffler D, Steine MN, Facciotti D: A reverse genetic, nontransgenic approach to wheat crop improvement by TILLING. 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