The development of thermal and spectroscopic methods for the characterization of catalysts for CO2 storage

La capture de CO2 par adsorption sur des solides poreux (adsorbants) est une alternative prometteuse en raison de sa sélectivité et de sa faible consommation d énergie. Nous avons étudié l'adsorption in-situ de CO2 sur des adsorbants solides en combinant la spectroscopie infrarouge par réflexion diffuse (DRIFT) avec la thermographie infrarouge afin de mieux comprendre les mécanismes d'interaction CO2-adsorbant et ainsi optimiser sa captation dans des procédés de capture en post-combustion. La thermographie IR est utilisée pour détecter la source de chaleur transitoire provenant de la surface de l adsorbant au cours de l'adsorption de CO2. Un modèle de transfert de chaleur a été développé afin d estimer les chaleurs d adsorption. Un mini réacteur conçu pour la DRIFT nous a permis d identifier les espèces adsorbées et d'étudier leur évolution sur la surface de l adsorbant selon la température et l'atmosphère environnante. Enfin, le couplage d informations provenant des deux approches nous a permis l investigation haut-débit des paramètres clefs pour le choix des adsorbants les plus performants.CO2 capture via adsorption process on porous materials (adsorbents) is a promising alternative due to its high selectivity and low energy penalties. We have investigated in-situ CO2 adsorption on solid adsorbents by combining Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform spectroscopy (DRIFT) with infrared thermography to better understand the mechanisms controlling CO2-adsorbent interactions and thus optimize its capture in post-combustion capture processes. Infrared thermography is used to detect the transient heat source coming from the adsorbent surface during CO2 adsorption. A heat transfer model has been developed in order to estimate the adsorption heats. A model chemical reactor designed for DRIFT allowed us to clearly evidence the adsorbed species and to study the surface species evolution according to the temperature and the surrounding atmosphere. Finally, the coupling of information coming from the two approaches allowed us a high-throughput investigation of key parameters for the selection of the most efficient adsorbents.BORDEAUX1-Bib.electronique (335229901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Bioinformatics for precision medicine in oncology: principles and application to the SHIVA clinical trial

Precision medicine (PM) requires the delivery of individually adapted medical care based on the genetic characteristics of each patient and his/her tumor. The last decade witnessed the development of high-throughput technologies such as microarrays and next-generation sequencing which paved the way to PM in the field of oncology. While the cost of these technologies decreases, we are facing an exponential increase in the amount of data produced. Our ability to use this information in daily practice relies strongly on the availability of an efficient bioinformatics system that assists in the translation of knowledge from the bench towards molecular targeting and diagnosis. Clinical trials and routine diagnoses constitute different approaches, both requiring a strong bioinformatics environment capable of (i) warranting the integration and the traceability of data, (ii) ensuring the correct processing and analyses of genomic data, and (iii) applying well-defined and reproducible procedures for workflow management and decision-making. To address the issues, a seamless information system was developed at Institut Curie which facilitates the data integration and tracks in real-time the processing of individual samples. Moreover, computational pipelines were developed to identify reliably genomic alterations and mutations from the molecular profiles of each patient. After a rigorous quality control, a meaningful report is delivered to the clinicians and biologists for the therapeutic decision. The complete bioinformatics environment and the key points of its implementation are presented in the context of the SHIVA clinical trial, a multicentric randomized phase II trial comparing targeted therapy based on tumor molecular profiling versus conventional therapy in patients with refractory cancer. The numerous challenges faced in practice during the setting up and the conduct of this trial are discussed as an illustration of PM application

An effective approach to same sign top pair production at the LHC and the forward–backward asymmetry at the Tevatron

We study the phenomenology of same sign top pair production at the LHC in a model-independent way. The complete set of dimension six operators involving two top (or anti-top) quarks is introduced and the connection with all possible t- or s-channel heavy particle exchanges is established. Only in the former case, same and opposite sign top pair production can be related. We find that while current Tevatron data disfavor t-channel models, other production mechanisms are viable and can be tested at the LHC

Juridictions et juges de proximité: leur rôle concret en matière d'accès à la justice des petits litiges civils

Cinq années après la mise en place des juridictions de proximité, l'équipe de recherche de réaliser une étude de l'activité concrète d ces juridictions afin de déterminer si elles constituent bien une réponse nouvelle de l'institution judiciaire pour tenter de résoudre le problème de l'accès au juge des " petits litiges " ou si, à l'inverse, elles ne font finalement que traiter les litiges qui relevaient jusque-là des tribunaux d'instance, et cela sans même fournir d'apport particulier dans la façon de traiter ces litiges

Thermal effects of CO 2 capture by solid adsorbents: some approaches by IR image processing

International audienc

Designs and challenges for personalized medicine studies in oncology: focus on the SHIVA trial

International audiencePersonalized medicine is defined by the National Cancer Institute as "a form of medicine that uses information about a person's genes, proteins, and environment to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease." In oncology, the term "personalized medicine" arose with the emergence of molecularly targeted agents. The prescription of approved molecularly targeted agents to cancer patients currently relies on the primary tumor location and histological subtype. Predictive biomarkers of efficacy of these modern agents have been exclusively validated in specific tumor types. A major concern today is to determine whether the prescription of molecularly targeted therapies based on tumor molecular abnormalities, independently of primary tumor location and histology, would improve the outcome of cancer patients. This new paradigm requires prospective validation before being implemented in clinical practice. In this paper, we will first review different designs, including observational cohorts, as well as nonrandomized and randomized clinical trials, that have been recently proposed to evaluate the relevance of this approach, and further discuss their advantages and drawbacks. The design of the SHIVA trial, a randomized proof-of-concept phase II trial comparing therapy based on tumor molecular profiling versus conventional therapy in patients with refractory cancer will be detailed. Finally, we will discuss the multiple challenges associated with the implementation of personalized medicine in oncology, as well as perspectives for the future