Sequencing of learning activities oriented towards reuse and auto-organization for intelligent tutoring systems

Three have been the main contributions of this thesis. First, a platform for the deployment of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) with a modular architecture has been designed. This platform, called SIT, focuses on the adaptation of the sequencing of learning content, not adaptation of the content itself. This separation permits specialization of pedagogical experts and encourages reuse of learning resources. Second, a tool for the adaptation of the sequencing of learning units has been presented: Sequencing Graphs. It is a specialization of the finite automata paradigm, adapted for the specific needs of learning. Sequencing graphs focus on reuse, both of learning units and of adaptive sequencings definitions. They are hierarchical to prevent scalability problems. Two ITS have developed using sequencing graphs for SIT. Experimental results support the hypothesis that sequencing adaptation has a good influence on learning and that Sequencing Graphs are a useful tool to achieve this objective. Finally, the thesis analyzes the current initiatives in the emerging field of swarm intelligence techniques in education. Apart of the theoretical overview, three results are presented: an experimental study performed on the Paraschool system, a system of pedagogical alarms based on learning pheromones on the same system, and a swarm paths information module for SIT. This module synthesizes the best results from swarm-based adaptation sequencing and collaborative filtering for providing an additional level of adaptation to the content sequencing in SI

Affective learning: improving engagement and enhancing learning with affect-aware feedback

This paper describes the design and ecologically valid evaluation of a learner model that lies at the heart of an intelligent learning environment called iTalk2Learn. A core objective of the learner model is to adapt formative feedback based on students’ affective states. Types of adaptation include what type of formative feedback should be provided and how it should be presented. Two Bayesian networks trained with data gathered in a series of Wizard-of-Oz studies are used for the adaptation process. This paper reports results from a quasi-experimental evaluation, in authentic classroom settings, which compared a version of iTalk2Learn that adapted feedback based on students’ affective states as they were talking aloud with the system (the affect condition) with one that provided feedback based only on the students’ performance (the non-affect condition). Our results suggest that affect-aware support contributes to reducing boredom and off-task behavior, and may have an effect on learning. We discuss the internal and ecological validity of the study, in light of pedagogical considerations that informed the design of the two conditions. Overall, the results of the study have implications both for the design of educational technology and for classroom approaches to teaching, because they highlight the important role that affect-aware modelling plays in the adaptive delivery of formative feedback to support learning

Archival research in translation and censorship: Digging into the “true museum of Francoism”

[FR] L’étude systématique de la censure appliquée à la traduction dans l’Espagne franquiste a commencé une dizaine d’années après le démantèlement définitif de l’appareil de censure du régime en 1985, avec l’ouverture au public des archives de censure Archivo General de la Administración (AGA) d’Alcalá de Henares. Depuis, de nombreuses études approfondies ont été menées sur la traduction de différents genres, utilisant comme source principale les fichiers de censure produits et archivés par le régime. Mais aucune réflexion rigoureuse sur la structure, l’utilisation et la fiabilité de ces données n’a encore vu le jour. Cet article examine les sources archivistiques utilisées dans l’étude de la censure en traduction, en examinant à cette fin l’histoire de l’AGA et la structure même des archives, et décrit les fonds documentaires et les possibilités qu’ils offrent pour étudier la censure appliquée à divers genres de textes. Si les données de l’AGA sont devenues un élément crucial dans l’enquête sur la censure en Espagne, il semble essentiel d’utiliser des informations complémentaires pour reconstruire le fonctionnement de l’activité de traduction pendant cette période, et pour comprendre comment ont été effectués les changements textuels observés dans les traductions censurées.[EN] Systematic research on translation and censorship in Francoist Spain started roughly ten years after the dismantling of the regime’s censorship apparatus in 1985, following the opening of the censorship archives at the Archivo General de la Administración (AGA) in Alcalá de Henares. Since then, numerous comprehensive studies on the translation of various genres have been produced, all of them making extensive use of the censorship files issued and archived by the regime as their main source of information. However, little to no reflection has been done on the structure, usefulness and reliability of those data. This paper examines archival sources in translation and censorship, delving into the AGA’s history and structure, as well as its unique position as a censorship repository. It describes the AGA’s document collections on censored cultural artefacts and the possibilities they afford to study the impact of censorship on the translation of various text types. Ultimately, it argues that while AGA data have proved to be a key component in censorship research in Spain, complementary information is essential in reconstructing translation activity at the time and to ascertain how textual changes observed in censored translations came about.[ES] El estudio sistemático de la censura en traducción durante la España franquista arrancó unos diez años después de que se desmantelara el aparato censorio del régimen de forma definitiva en 1985, con la apertura al público de los archivos de censura en el Archivo General de la Administración (AGA) de Alcalá de Henares. Desde entonces se han llevado a cabo numerosos estudios sobre la traducción de diversos géneros, los cuales utilizan como fuente primaria los expedientes de censura generados y archivados por el régimen. A pesar de haberse usado con asiduidad, no ha habido una reflexión rigurosa sobre la estructura, utilidad y fiabilidad de esos datos. Este artículo analiza las fuentes archivísticas empleadas en el estudio de la censura en traducción, examinando a tales efectos la historia del AGA, la estructura del archivo y su posición única como repositorio sobre censura. Asimismo, describe los fondos documentales sobre censura y las posibilidades que ofrecen para el estudio de la censura en varios géneros textuales traducidos. En última instancia, proponemos que, aunque los datos del AGA han resultado ser un elemento crucial en la investigación de la censura en España, es imprescindible utilizar información complementaria para reconstruir el funcionamiento de la actividad traductora de este período y determinar cómo se produjeron los cambios textuales que se observan en las traducciones censurada

Machine-Learning based analysis and classification of Android malware signatures

Multi-scanner Antivirus (AV) systems are often used for detecting Android malware since the same piece of software can be checked against multiple different AV engines. However, in many cases the same software application is flagged as malware by few AV engines, and often the signatures provided contradict each other, showing a clear lack of consensus between different AV engines. This work analyzes more than 80 thousand Android applications flagged as malware by at least one AV engine, with a total of almost 260 thousand malware signatures. In the analysis, we identify 41 different malware families, we study their relationships and the relationships between the AV engines involved in such detections, showing that most malware cases belong to either Adware abuse or really dangerous Harmful applications, but some others are unspecified (or Unknown). With the help of Machine Learning and Graph Community Algorithms, we can further combine the different AV detections to classify such Unknown apps into either Adware or Harmful risks, reaching F1-score above 0.84.The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the national project TEXEO (TEC2016-80339-R), funded by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of SPAIN through, and the EU-funded H2020 SMOOTH project, Spain (grant no. H2020-786741). Similarly, the authors would like to remark the support provided by the Tacyt system (https://www.elevenpaths.com/es/te cnologia/tacyt/index.html) for the collection and labeling of AV information. Finally, Ignacio Martin would like to acknowledge the support granted by the Spanish Ministry of education through the FPU scholarship he holds (FPU15/03518)

Translation and censorship in the comix of Especial Star-Books (1975-1982)

[ES] Este artículo analiza la publicación y censura de la colección Especial Star-Books (1975-1982), centrándonos en los comix traducidos del inglés. Para ello, a) estudiamos su procedencia, su auge en la España tardo y postfranquista, la línea editorial de Producciones Editoriales y la censura de este tipo de publicaciones, además de los datos de publicación y censura de la colección, y b) comparamos los comix de Infinitum Ciencia Ficción 1 y Las famosas aventuras de los Freak Brothers con sus respectivos originales. Los resultados demuestran que el espíritu de la colección contrastaba con el modelo cultural favorecido por el franquismo y que los editores evitaban traspasar ciertos límites, anticipándose así a posibles sanciones.[EN] This paper analyses the publication and censorship of the Especial Star-Books collection (1975-1982), focusing on the comix translated from English. To do so, a) we study the origins of the medium, its success in late and post-Francoist Spain, the editorial policy of Producciones Editoriales and the censorship of this type of publications, as well as the publication and censorship data of the collection, and b) we compare the comix in Infinitum Ciencia Ficción 1 and Las famosas aventuras de los Freak Brothers with their respective originals. Results show that the spirit of the collection contrasted with the cultural model favoured by the Franco regime and that publishers avoided crossing certain lines so as to avoid potential sanctions.S

Application of the Schmidt-hammer for relative-age dating of glacial and periglacial landforms in the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain)

[EN] A Schmidt hammer was applied for relative-age dating to 48 sites in 5 different massifs of the Cantabrian Mountains (NW Spain). The sample included glacial (moraines, erratics, and polished bedrock) and periglacial (rock glaciers, blockfields, and talus slopes) sites from the last glaciation to the present in different geomorphological contexts. The rebound (R) values agree with the morphostratigraphic reconstructions, showing progressively lower values for older deposits. Six stages from the Last Glacial Maximum to the present are inferred. The results differ according to the lithology: i) the quartzites showed higher R-values and very low weathering rates; ii) the granodiorites showed larger differences in R-values reflecting clearly age differences; iii) sandstones appear to be unsuitable for Schmidt hammer measurements in some areas; however, quartzite sandstones provide better results. The rock glaciers formed in different periods after deglaciation (i.e. just after the Last Glacial Maximum, Bölling/Allerød, Holocene), indicate a paraglacial dependence rather than climate-driven landforms. The sampled blockfields stabilized after the (almost) total deglaciation of the cirques, but their origin and significance in this mountainous area remain poorly understood.SIPublicación en abierto financiada por el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Castilla y León (BUCLE), con cargo al Programa Operativo 2014ES16RFOP009 FEDER 2014-2020 DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, Actuación:20007-CL - Apoyo Consorcio BUCL

Study of radiactivity on Arctic marine seaweed from Kongsfjorden (Svalbard)

Levels of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides have been determined in six brown and red seaweed species from Arctic coasts (Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen, Svalbard Islands) in order to characterize the radioactivity in this ecosystem. Samples were collected in September 2014, August 2017 and July 2019. Levels of 7Be, 40K, 208Tl, 210Pb, 226Ra and 228Ra were measured by high-resolution gamma spectrometry. While anthropogenic radionuclides (1 4 C and 1 2 9 I) were determined by low-energy accelerator mass spectrometry (LEAMS). The activities of 129I are two orders of magnitude higher than those found in algae collected on the Spanish Atlantic Coast and presents more variability than the 14C results, indicating their different affinity to this element depending on the species. Radionuclide tracers discharged from Sellafield and La Hague are transported into the Arctic Ocean where they circulate at different depth levels, marking water of Atlantic origin (Karcher et al., 2012).Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Proyecto CGL2015/67014

In which journals can I publish my research on martial arts and combat sports? An up-to-date approach

Introduction There is evidence that research in martial arts and combat sports (MA&CS) has boomed since the late 1990’s [see e.g., Green and Svinth 2010; Gutiérrez-García et al. 2011]. This has led to the birth of several scientific/technical journals specific to MA&CS. These journals are nowadays sharing a common scientific publication space with more traditional scientific field-oriented journals, which also publish studies on MA&CS. The aim of this study is to provide a general and up-to-date overview on the MA&CS publication space referred to journals, as a tool for helping authors decide where to publish their MA&CS studies. Methods This study followed a bibliographic approach. Scopus and the Web of Science (WoS) core collection databases were screened for journal retrieval as these are, arguably, the most relevant global and multidisciplinary scientific databases nowadays. SportDiscus and PubMed databases were also included due to their relevance in the physical activity and sport sciences field. In addition, the authors provided information of current MA&CS scientific/technical journals not indexed in these databases. In order to rate how many MA&CS papers were published in specific MA&CS journals we used data from several bibliometric studies. The interpretation of the results was based on the authors’ knowledge and included variables such as impact, visibility and accessibility, the latter both for authors and readers. Results and discussion Up to four specific MA&CS journals were indexed in the WoS. These were Archives of Budo (Science Citation Index Expended, category Sport Sciences, no Impact Factor in 2017 due to anomalous citation patterns – overuse of self citations, Impact Factor 2016=1.506; Q3), Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology, Archives of Budo Science of Martial Arts and Extreme Sports and Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas (Emerging Sources Citation Index). Archives of Budo (category Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Cite Score2017=1.59; Q2) and Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology (categories Philosophy, and Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Cite Score2017=0.80; Q1 and Q3 respectively) were also indexed in Scopus. SportDiscus provided one more current title: Journal of Combat Sports and Martial Arts. PubMed did not index any MA&CS journal. Titles not indexed in these databases include Research Journal of Budo, Martial Arts Studies Journal, Acta Taekwondo et Martialis Artium, International Journal of Wrestling Science, International Journal of Martial Arts, Chinese Wushu Research and Journal of Martial Arts Research – JOMAR (still not publishing any issue). These data must be considered as they are usually linked to authors’ research evaluation. Nevertheless, the specific states’ policies regarding the evaluation of researchers’ scientific production must be carefully taken into account, as they can be very different among countries. All cited journals but Chinese Wushu Research are electronic and free, open-access, which means important advantages for their visibility and accessibility. They publish papers in English but JOMAR (also in German), Research Journal of Budo (also in Japanese), Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas (also in Spanish and Portuguese) and Chinese Wushu Research (only in Chinese). Publishing papers in other languages but English may allow easier accessibility to authors and readers not fluent in this language, which is an important point to avoid language bias in scientific publication. On the contrary, this trend seriously limits the accessibility to some contents of the aforementioned journals, as no other language but English has turned nowadays into the lingua franca for scientific communication. Therefore, it is suggested that authors try to publish their studies in English, provided their papers reach an acceptable English-as-a-lingua-franca level standards. Another aspect that may limit accessibility for authors is publication fees/article processing charges (APC). Four MA&CS journals charge publication fees: Archives of Budo (€1210/US$1400 per article), Archives of Budo Science of Martial Arts and Extreme Sports (€260/US$300 per article), International Journal of Wrestling Science (€173/US200 per article) and Journal of Combat Sports & Martial Arts (€70/US81 per article). This can be specially limiting for independent researchers and/or authors from institutions from developing countries wanting to publish their findings. Authors must be aware of this fact before submitting their manuscripts, as APCs are not applied upon submission but when the manuscript is accepted for publication. Finally, it is obvious to say that studies on MA&CS can be found in non-specific MA&CS journals. Studies rating the contribution of specific MA&CS journals to the whole output of MA&CS articles used the WoS databases. The specific MA&CS indexed journals – mainly Archives of Budo – were placed in top positions but contributing scarcely to the whole output: 4.4% [Gutiérrez-García et al. 2011], 10.9% [Peset et al. 2013], 4.5% [Pérez-Gutiérrez et al. 2015], 10.6% [Pérez-Gutiérrez et al. 2017], and 10.6% (9.05% from Archives of Budo and 1.55% from Archives of Budo Science of Martial Arts and Extreme Sports) [Franchini et al. 2018]. This means that studies on MA&CS are attractive to many scientific journals, which may increase the authors’ opportunities for getting their papers published. Conclusion There are, at least, twelve scientific/technical journals specific to MA&CS. These are diverse considering their impact, visibility and accessibility. We encourage potential authors to be aware about these journals and their characteristics before submitting their papers. References 1. Franchini E., Gutiérrez-García C., Izquierdo, E. (2018). Olympic combat sports research output in the Web of Science: a sport sciences centered analysis, “Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology”, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 21–27; doi: 10.14589/ido.18.3.4. 2. Green, T.A., Svinth, J.R. (2010), Introduction [in] T.A. Green & J.R. Svinth [eds.], Martial Arts of the WORLD. An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation, ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara – California, pp. xvii-xix. 3. Gutiérrez-García C., Pérez-Gutiérrez M., Calderón-Tuero P. (2011), Bibliometric Analysis of the scientific production on martial arts and combat sport articles in the Web of Science databases (SCIExpanded, SSCI, A&HCI) (2000-2009) [in] A. Figueiredo and C. Gutiérrez-García (Eds.), Scientific Congress on Martial Arts and Combat Sports. Proceedings, IPV de Viseu, Viseu – Portugal, pp. 54-55. 4. Pérez-Gutiérrez M., Valdes-Badilla P., Gómez-Alonso M.T., Gutiérrez-García C. (2015), Bibliometric analysis of taekwondo articles published in the Web of Science (1989-2013), “Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology”, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 27-34; doi: 10.14589/ido.15.3.4. 5. Pérez-Gutiérrez M., Valdés-Badilla P., Gutiérrez-García C., Herrera-Valenzuela T. (2017). Taekwondo scientific production published on the Web of Science (1988-2016): Collaboration and topics. “Movimento”, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 1325-1340. 6. Peset F., Ferrer-Sapena A., Villamon M., Gonzalez L.-M., Toca-Herrera J.-L., Aleixandre-Benavent R. (2013), Scientific literature analysis of Judo in Web of Science, “Archives of Budo”, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 81-91

Ancient landscape changes of mining origin in León (Spain): location and morphometric features of the Roman gold pit lakes

[ES] Las minas a cielo abierto producen cambios drásticos en el relieve y en los paisajes donde se asientan. Esos cambios dependen de la magnitud de las explotaciones, de los sistemas de explotación y del tipo de mineral extraído. Las explotaciones auríferas realizadas por los romanos en la provincia de León requirieron la movilización de grandes volúmenes de roca para extraer las bajas concentraciones de oro que contenían. Esto generó numerosos cambios en los paisajes primigenios siendo uno de ellos la aparición de lagunas mineras. Estas surgieron en minas que excavaron profundamente la superficie del terreno interceptando las aguas subterráneas que, a partir de ese momento, se acumulan en el fondo de la explotación dando lugar a la laguna. También se deben a la acumulación de escombros mineros que obturaron la escorrentía superficial de los cursos de agua. Aquellos cambios en los paisajes antiguos fueron de tal magnitud que aún hoy persisten algunas lagunas creadas por la minería aurífera romana después de dos mil años. El presente trabajo localiza y analiza los caracteres morfométricos de 12 lagunas con agua permanente que aún perduran.[EN] The open pit mines produce drastic changes in the relief and in the landscapes where they are located. These changes depend on the size of the exploitations, the exploitation systems and the type of mineral extracted. The gold mining carried out by the Romans in the province of León required the mobilization of large volumes of rock to extract the low concentrations of gold they contained, which generated great changes in the primitive landscapes, one of which is the appearance of pit lakes. The gold pit lakes appeared in mines that deeply excavated the surface of the land, intercepting the aquifer that, from that moment, accumulate at the bottom of the exploitation originating to the open pit; or they are due to the accumulation of mining dumps that blocked the surface runoff. In any case, those changes in ancient landscapes were of such magnitude that some open pits created by Roman gold mining more than two thousand years ago still persist today. The work locates and analyzes the morphometric characters of 12 pit lakes with permanent water that still exist

Experience with Artificial Neural Networks Applied in Multi-object Adaptive Optics

The use of artificial Intelligence techniques has become widespread in many fields of science, due to their ability to learn from real data and adjust to complex models with ease. These techniques have landed in the field of adaptive optics, and are being used to correct distortions caused by atmospheric turbulence in astronomical images obtained by ground-based telescopes. Advances for multi-object adaptive optics are considered here, focusing particularly on artificial neural networks, which have shown great performance and robustness when compared with other artificial intelligence techniques. The use of artificial neural networks has evolved to the extent of the creation of a reconstruction technique that is capable of estimating the wavefront of light after being deformed by the atmosphere. Based on this idea, different solutions have been proposed in recent years, including the use of new types of artificial neural networks. The results of techniques based on artificial neural networks have led to further applications in the field of adaptive optics, which are included in here, such as the development of new techniques for solar observation or their application in novel types of sensors