Two-Setting Bell Inequalities for Many Qubits

We present a family of Bell inequalities involving only two measurement settings of each party for N>2 qubits. Our inequalities include all the standard ones with fewer than N qubits and thus gives a natural generalization. It is shown that all the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states violate the inequalities maximally, with an amount that grows exponentially as 2^{{(N-2)}/2}. The inequalities are also violated by some states that do satisfy all the standard Bell inequalities. Remarkably, our results yield in an efficient and simple way an implementation of nonlocality tests of many qubits favorably within reach of the well-established technology of linear optics.Comment: 4 pages, no figur

Mucho más que el descubrimiento de mi vocación

El Trabajo de Fin de Máster de modalidad A pretende que los alumnos hagan una reflexión general de su paso por el Máster en Profesorado, poniendo en valor los conocimientos, actitudes y habilidades que han recibido y que son necesarios para ejercer como docente. Bajo esta modalidad se enmarca el trabajo que presento a continuación y que pretende servirme como memoria de mi paso por el Máster en la especialidad de Física y Química, recogiendo los aprendizajes teóricos y prácticos que he desarrollado a lo largo de estos meses. Para cumplir este objetivo reflexionaré sobre las experiencias que he vivido en este periodo y analizaré, justificando su selección, dos proyectos didácticos que he diseñado basados en metodologías activas con Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) y que han resultado muy significativos, aportando las conclusiones que extraigo y destacando lo que han supuesto para la construcción de mi modelo docente. Para finalizar esta memoria personal expondré las conclusiones a las que llego al finalizar mi paso por el Máster, realizando sugerencias críticas de mejora y destacando la importancia de esta formación para los futuros docentes y, por consiguiente, para todo el sistema educativo, mostrando la importancia de los periodos de prácticas. The principal aim of the Final Master Project in Modality A is based on the reflection of the students about the time spent on the Master in Teaching, demonstrating the value of the knowledge, attitudes and skills they have received and that are necessary to practice as a teacher. The work that I present below, belongs to this modality, aims to serve as a memory of my passage through the Master in the specialty of Physics and Chemistry, recognizing the theoretical and practical learning that I developed throughout these months. To achieve this objective, I will reflect on the experiences I have had in this period and analyze, justifying its selection, two didactic projects that I have designed based on active methodologies with Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and that have been very significant, providing the conclusions I draw and highlighting what they have meant for the construction of my teaching model. To finish this personal report, I will present the conclusions I reached at the end of my time in the Master, making critical suggestions for the improvement and highlighting the importance of this training for future teachers and, therefore, for the entire educational system, showing the importance of the internships.<br /

Estudio climático para la caracterización de las condiciones de exposición a la humedad atmosférica en fachadas de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos

Uno de los muchos desafíos en la construcción de viviendas hoy en día es el diseño de las fachadas, las cuales están sometidas directamente a condiciones adversas producidas por fenómenos meteorológicos como el viento y la lluvia. La combinación de ambos fenómenos provoca el humedecimiento de las fachadas, generando de este modo numerosos síndromes en los edificios y molestias en sus usuarios. Para solventar los problemas ocasionados por la humedad, el Código de Edificación de la Vivienda de México, no contempla ni estipula las condiciones de diseño que las fachadas deben cumplir en concordancia con la solicitación a la humedad estimada sobre las mismas, siendo el cálculo de dicha solicitación, un factor clave para asegurar el correcto diseño y operatividad de los cerramientos exteriores. Este estudio pretende obtener una caracterización precisa del grado de impermeabilidad requerido en tres estados mexicanos, mediante la aplicación de métodos internacionalmente aceptados, tratando así de mejorar y complementar los documentos técnicos empleados en el citado Código de Edificación. Se procederá al análisis y registro de datos diarios de velocidad y dirección de viento así como de la intensidad de precipitación en numerosas estaciones meteorológicas de los estados de Aguascalientes, Durango y Zacatecas. Mediante la aplicación de distintos métodos de cálculo se identificará la exposición de las fachadas a la lluvia batiente, así como a la presión eólica simultánea que acompaña a dicha exposición. Como resultado, se generará un mapa de isolíneas, a través del programa Allplan 2016, que permitirá identificar gráficamente las zonas más expuestas a sufrir estos síndromes de la edificación. Además, se comparan los resultados obtenidos con los de otros países ya analizados

The IHG index for hydromorphological quality assessment of rivers and streams : updated version

An updated version of the IHG index is presented. The index is based on three appraisal parameters: 1) the functional quality of the fluvial system, including a) flow regime naturalness, b) sediment supply and mobility, and c) floodplain functionality; 2) the channel quality, including a) channel morphology and planform naturalness, b) riverbed continuity and naturalness of the longitudinal and vertical processes, and c) riverbank naturalness and lateral mobility; and 3) the riparian corridor quality, including a) longitudinal continuity, b) riparian corridor width, and c) structure, naturalness and cross-sectional connectivity.Se presenta una versión actualizada del índice IHG, que se estructura en tres grupos de parámetros: 1) calidad funcional del sistema fluvial, incluyendo a) naturalidad del régimen de caudal, b) disponibilidad y movilidad de sedimentos y c) funcionalidad de la llanura de inundación; 2) calidad del cauce, incluyendo a) naturalidad del trazado y de la morfología en planta, b) continuidad y naturalidad del lecho y de los procesos longitudinales y verticales y c) naturalidad de las m'argenes y de la movilidad lateral; y 3) calidad de las riberas, incluyendo a) continuidad longitudinal, b) anchura y c) estructura, naturalidad y conectividad transversal

Sobre las precipitaciones de octubre de 2012 en el Pirineo aragonés, su respuesta hidrológica y la gestión de riesgos

[ES]Intensas precipitaciones en los días 19 y 20 de octubre de 2012 generaron crecidas en toda la red fluvial de los afluentes pirenaicos de la cuenca del Ebro. Se presentan brevemente los registros de precipitación alcanzados, las distintas respuestas hidrológicas y las principales situaciones de riesgo. Se reflexiona sobre las consecuencias de estas crecidas y se plantea la necesidad de sustituir las actuaciones de urgencia al uso por una gestión del riesgo basada en la ordenación de los espacios inundables, en consonancia con los principios de la Directiva 2007/60/CE de gestión del riesgo de inundación.[EN]On 19th and 20th October of 2012 an event of intense rainfall triggered flooding processes in the whole watershed of the Pyrenean tributaries of the Ebro basin. A brief description of rainfall data, hydrological responses and risk situations is presented. A reflection of the consequences of these floods is presented along with a necessity to change the emergency measures for risk management based on the adequate flood-prone areas management as requires the Floods Directive, 2007/60/CE on the assessment and management of flood risks

Sobre las precipitaciones de octubre de 2012 en el Pirineo aragonés, su respuesta hidrológica y la gestión de riesgos

On 19th and 20th October of 2012 an event of intense rainfall triggered flooding processes in the whole watershed of the Pyrenean tributaries of the Ebro basin. A brief description of rainfall data, hydrological responses and risk situations is presented. A reflection of the consequences of these floods is presented along with a necessity to change the emergency measures for risk management based on the adequate&nbsp;flood-prone areas management as requires the Floods Directive,2007/60/CE on the assessment and management of flood risks.Intensas precipitaciones en los d&iacute;as 19 y 20 de octubre de2012 generaron crecidas en toda la red fluvial de los afluentes pirenaicos de la cuenca del Ebro. Se presentan brevemente los registros de precipitaci&oacute;n alcanzados, las distintas respuestas hidrol&oacute;gicas y las principales situaciones de riesgo. Se reflexiona sobre las consecuencias de estas crecidas y se plantea la necesidad de sustituir las actuaciones de urgencia al uso por una gesti&oacute;n del riesgo basada en la ordenaci&oacute;n de los espacios inundables, en consonancia con los principios de la Directiva 2007/60/CE de gesti&oacute;n del riesgo de inundaci&oacute;n

A shift in the paradigm? A male-specific lactone increases the response of both sexes of the olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae to the food lure ammonium bicarbonate

The olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a key pest species of wild and cultivated olive trees worldwide. Contrarily to most tephritid flies, in which males release the sex pheromone, in B. oleae the female is the sex responsible of attracting the opposite sex. However, and even though vast research has been done during the last decades, we are still far from understanding the chemical signals involved in the sexual communication of this species, including those produced by males. Here, we report for the first time the presence of two male-specific volatile compounds, namely γ-hexalactone and δ-hexalactone, with the former exerting a significant attraction upon both sexes under laboratory and field conditions. Volatile collections conducted on laboratory-reared virgin individuals of both sexes revealed the presence of these two compounds only in males, regardless of their age. In double-choice behavioral assays, γ-hexalactone resulted to be attractive for virgin males and females (7–14 days old), with no attractiveness reported for δ-hexalactone. Finally, in field assays traps baited with the binary blend of ammonium bicarbonate and γ-hexalactone yielded significantly more catches per week of both sexes than those baited with ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium bicarbonate plus 1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane, the major sex pheromone component. Altogether, our results shed light on the chemical ecology of the species and represent a promising experimental basis for the development of more innovative and effective mass trapping tools based on the use of γ-hexalactone.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. The authors declare that this research did not receive external funding.Peer reviewe

Microarray analysis of hepatic genes differentially expressed in the presence of the unsaponifiable fraction of olive oil in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice

The hypothesis that the unsaponifiable fraction of olive oil dramatically influences hepatic gene expression was tested in mice. Two olive oils, obtained from the same olive cultivar but by different technological procedures, were characterized to show that they differed mainly in terms of the composition/quantity of this unsaponifiable fraction. Using DNA microarrays, hepatic gene expression was analysed in apoE-deficient mice fed one of two isoenergetic, isonitrogenous diets containing either 10% (w/w) olive oil or unsaponifiable fraction-enriched olive oil. To provide an initial screening of potential candidate genes involved in a differential response, only genes with remarkably modified expression (signal log2 ratio ≥3 or < -3) were further considered. The eleven genes fulfilling these prerequisites were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR, and then analysed in apoE-deficient mice with a C57BL/6J genetic background. Orosomucoid and serum amyloid A2 were upregulated (to variable extents depending on the genetic background) in the absence of hepatic steatosis and inflammation. Fabp5 and Mt2 were also strongly upregulated. Several proteases were highly suppressed by the unsaponifiable-enriched olive diet, independent of the genetic background. The findings indicate that change in the expression of these genes is a good marker of the intake of the unsaponifiable fraction of olive oil. The results highlight the important biological effects of the unsaponifiable fraction of olive oil. The term 'monounsaturated fatty acid-enriched oil' no longer appears appropriate for describing all the oils to which it is currently applied since it does not adequately reflect that they have different biological effects. © The Authors 2007.This research was supported by grants FEGA-FEOGA (CAO99-014), Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, CICYT (SAF2004-08 173-C03-02 and AGL2005-00 572), Junta de Andalucía (CAO01-002), FISS 01/0202, Redes FISS de investigación cooperativa C03-01 and G03-140 and by the Fundación Española del Corazón.Peer Reviewe

Proteomics and gene expression analyses of mitochondria from squalene-treated apoE-deficient mice identify short-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase changes associated with fatty liver amelioration

Squalene, a hydrocarbon involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, is an abundant component in virgin olive oil. Previous studies showed that its administration decreased atherosclerosis and steatosis in male apoE knock-out mice. To study the effect of squalene on mitochondrial proteins in fatty liver, 1 g/kg/day of this isoprenoid was administered to those mice. After 10 weeks, hepatic fat was assessed and protein extracts from mitochondria enriched fractions from control and squalene-treated animals were analyzed by 2D-DIGE. Spots exhibiting significant differences were identified by MS analysis. Squalene administration modified the expression of eighteen proteins involved in different metabolic processes, 12 associated with hepatic fat content. Methionine adenosyltransferase I alpha (Mat1a) and short-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (Acads) showed significant increased and decreased transcripts, respectively, consistent with their protein changes. These mRNAs were also studied in wild-type mice receiving squalene, where Mat1a was found increased and Acads decreased. However, this mRNA was significantly increased in the absence of apolipoprotein E. These results suggest that squalene action may be executed through a complex regulation of mitochondrial protein expression, including changes in Mat1a and Acads levels. Indeed, Mat1a is a target of squalene administration while Acads reflects the anti-steatotic properties of squalene. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Apolipoprotein E determines the hepatic transcriptional profile of dietary maslinic acid in mice

The hypothesis that the maslinic acid (MA) of olive oil (OO) dramatically influences hepatic gene expression was tested in mice. Two OOs only differing in the presence of MA were prepared. Using DNA microarrays, we analyzed hepatic gene expression in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice with a C57BL/6J genetic background that were fed with isocaloric, isonitrogenous diets containing either 10% (w/w) OO or 10% MA-enriched OO. As an initial screening of potential candidate genes involved in a differential response, this study further considered only genes with remarkably modified expression (signal log2 ratio higher than1.5 or lower than −1.5). The nine genes fulfilling these prerequisites were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and analyzed in C57BL/6J wild-type mice. Only Cyp2b9, Cyp2b13 and Dbp expressions appeared significantly increased, and Marco was significantly decreased in apoE-deficient mice receiving the MA-enriched diet. Dbp was up-regulated to an extent depending on the genetic background of the mice and negatively associated with the expression of Marco, a gene strongly up-regulated by the absence of apoE. These expression changes could be used as markers of the intake of the MA-enriched OO and are influenced by genetic background generated by the absence or the presence of apoE. Overall, these results (a) indicate that MA in virgin OO is highly active in controlling hepatic gene expression and (b) highlight the important interaction between the response to MA and the presence of apoE. They also confirm that virgin OO cannot be simplistically classified as monounsaturated fatty-enriched oil without paying attention to its active minor components.This research was supported by grants from FEDER-CICYT (SAF2007-60173, AGL2005-00572 and AGL2008-02285/ALI), Redes DGA (B-69) and FISS de Investigación Cooperativa (C03-01 and G03-140) and by Fundación Española del Corazón and Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud. S.A. and N.G. were recipients of DGA and Fundación Cuenca Villoro fellowships.Peer reviewe