Polymorphism of chlorpropamide on liquid-assisted mechanical treatment:Choice of liquid and type of mechanical treatment matter

Different types of mechanical treatment (tableting, grinding, milling,etc.) are important technological operations in the pharmaceutical industry.</p

<i>N,N</i>-bis-(dimethylfluorosilylmethyl)amides of <i>N</i>-organosulfonylproline and sarcosine: synthesis, structure, stereodynamic behaviour and <i>in silico</i> studies

(O→Si)-Chelate difluorides R3R2NCH(R1)C(O)N(CH2SiMe2F)2 (9a–c, R1R2 = (CH2)3, R3 = Ms (a), Ts (b); R1 = H, R2 = Me, R3 = Ms (c)), containing one penta- and one tetracoordinate silicon atoms were synthesized by silylmethylation of amides R3R2NCH(R1)C(O)NH2, subsequent hydrolysis of unstable intermediates R3R2NCH(R1)C(O)N(CH2SiMe2Cl)2 (7a–c) into 4-acyl-2,6-disilamorpholines R3R2NCH(R1)C(O)N(CH2SiMe2O)2 (8a–c) and the reaction of the latter compounds with BF3·Et2O. The structures of disilamorpholines 8a,c and difluoride 9a were confirmed by an X-ray diffraction study. According to the IR and NMR data, the O→Si coordination in solutions of these compounds was weaker than that in the solid state due to effective solvation of the Si–F bond. A permutational isomerisation involving an exchange of equatorial Me groups at the pentacoordinate Si atom in complexes 9a–c was detected, and its activational parameters were determined by 1H DNMR. In silico estimation of possible pharmacological effects and acute rat toxicity by PASS Online and GUSAR Online services showed a potential for their further pharmacological study

An Experimental and Computational Study of Effects of Microtubule Stabilization on T-Cell Polarity

T-killer cells eliminate infected and cancerous cells with precision by positioning their centrosome near the interface (immunological synapse) with the target cell. The mechanism of centrosome positioning has remained controversial, in particular the role of microtubule dynamics in it. We re-examined the issue in the experimental model of Jurkat cells presented with a T cell receptor-binding artificial substrate, which permits controlled stimulation and reproducible measurements. Neither 1-µM taxol nor 100-nM nocodazole inhibited the centrosome positioning at the “synapse” with the biomimetic substrate. At the same time, in micromolar taxol but not in nanomolar nocodazole the centrosome adopted a distinct peripheral rather than the normally central position within the synapse. This effect was reproduced in a computational energy-minimization model that assumed no microtubule dynamics, but only a taxol-induced increase in the length of the microtubules. Together, the experimental and computational results indicate that microtubule dynamics are not essential for the centrosome positioning, but that the fit of the microtubule array in the deformed body of the conjugated T cell is a major factor. The possibility of modulating the T-cell centrosome position with well-studied drugs and of predicting their effects in silico appears attractive for designing anti-cancer and antiviral therapies

New clinical guidelines for COPD – a paradigm shift: A review

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is now one of the most common noncommunicable diseases and the main causes of morbidity, disability and mortality in the world. In recent years, new approaches to epidemiology, diagnosis, classification (categorization), evaluation of phenotypes, as well as characterization and assessment of the severity of сhronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations have emerged. Modern approaches to starting and subsequent drug therapy have changed significantly. This is largely due to the results of recently conducted major clinical trials, demonstrated high efficacy of triple fixed combinations, including inhaled glucocorticosteroids, long-acting beta-agonists and long-acting anticholinergic drugs. The use of non-medication methods (smoking cessation, physical activity and respiratory rehabilitation) and modern approaches to the treatment of respiratory failure and antibiotic therapy remain important. In terms of their significance, all these updates have a significant impact on real clinical practice and can be considered as a novel paradigm of the approaches to the diagnosis and management of this disease

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Influence of the viscosity of a liquid on the dynamics of spreading of its drop

A method of experimental investigation of the dynamics of spreading of a spherical drop of a viscous liquid over a horizontal solid surface at a small velocity of collision of the drop with the surface is proposed, and results of such an investigation are presented. A typical pattern of spreading of a liquid drop over a solid surface has been obtained and the quantitative characteristics of this process depending on the viscosity of the liquid were determined. The experimental data on spreading of drops of different liquids over a horizontal solid surface were analyzed by the dynamic wetting angle of these drops, and the results obtained were compared with the analogous data obtained in other works

Influence of the viscosity of a liquid on the dynamics of spreading of its drop

A method of experimental investigation of the dynamics of spreading of a spherical drop of a viscous liquid over a horizontal solid surface at a small velocity of collision of the drop with the surface is proposed, and results of such an investigation are presented. A typical pattern of spreading of a liquid drop over a solid surface has been obtained and the quantitative characteristics of this process depending on the viscosity of the liquid were determined. The experimental data on spreading of drops of different liquids over a horizontal solid surface were analyzed by the dynamic wetting angle of these drops, and the results obtained were compared with the analogous data obtained in other works

Crystal structure of a 2:1 co-crystal of meloxicam with acetylendicarboxylic acid

The pharmaceutical 2:1 co-crystal of meloxicam [MXM; systematic name: 4-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-(5-methylthiazol-2-yl)-2H-1,2-benzothiazine-3-carboxamide 1,1-dioxide] with acetylenedicarboxylic acid (ACA; systematic name: but-2-ynedioic acid), crystallizes with one MXM molecule and half an ACA molecule in the asymmetric unit, C14H13N3O4S2·0.5C4H2O4. The mid-point of the triple bond of ACA is located on an inversion centre. In the crystal, the two stereoisomers of MXM with respect to the N atom of the sulfonamide group are related by the inversion centre. The carbonyl and hydroxy groups belonging to the MXM molecule are involved in an intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen bond. The structure-forming motif includes two MXM molecules linked via an ACA conformer through N—H...O and O—H...N hydrogen bonds, similar to MXM co-crystals with other dicarboxylic acids

Peculiarities of droplet evaporation under radiative and convective heating

We propose a new method for determining the rate of evaporation of a lone levitating droplet under the action of radiative heat flux. Results of experimental investigation of the evaporation rate of a droplet of distilled water heated by radiative and convective heat flux density within q = 0.25–1.5 W/cm2 are presented. Comparative analysis of the peculiarities of droplet evaporation under radiative and convective heating conditions is performe