Efecto de las diferentes rondas de competición en los resultados del combate en competiciones de judo de alto nivel

[ES] El objetivo de este estudio fue demostrar el efecto de las sucesivas rondas de competición de judo de alto nivel en el resultado del combate y en diversos factores que afectan al mismo. Se analizaron 4550 combates oficiales, tanto masculinos como femeninos. Se utilizaron frecuencias y porcentajes en la estadística descriptiva, así como medias y desviaciones estándar con intervalos de confianza del 95%. La diferencia entre las variables investigadas para cada ronda de las competiciones de judo se analizó con la prueba de Chi-cuadrado. Las variables continuas se analizaron con la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis. La forma en que se consiguió la victoria fue diferente en rondas de eliminación, rondas finales y rondas de lucha por medallas (p=.02). Al progresar en las rondas, el porcentaje de enfrentamientos que terminaron con ippon disminuyó y el porcentaje de los que terminaron con waza-ari aumentó. El porcentaje de combates sin shido disminuyó desde las eliminatorias hasta la final, mientras que hubo un aumento significativo en el porcentaje de combates con shido(p=.01). Se encontró que la duración delos combates aumentaba desde las rondas eliminatorias hasta la final (p=.00). El índice de eficiencia de los atletas ganadores durante la primera fase fue más alto que en el resto(p<.05). En conclusión, en competiciones de judo de alto nivel los atletas de judo ganaron sus combates con diferentes puntuaciones según las rondas. Además, recibieron más penalizaciones durante las finales en comparación con las rondas eliminatorias, y la duración delos combates aumentó gradualmente desde las rondas eliminatorias hasta las finales.[EN] This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of successive stages of high-level judo competitions on match outcome and the factors effecting it. A total of 4550 official matches in both men and women were included in the analysis. Frequencies and percentages were used for descriptive statistics. Mean and standard deviations with 95% confidence intervals were also presented. The difference in the variables investigated for each stage of judo competitions was analysed with the Chi-square test. Continuous variables were analysed with the Kruskal-Wallis test. The way competitors won a match differed in elimination, final stages, and medal matches (p=.02). When the difficulty of the matches increased, the percentage of the matches ended with ippon decreased and the percentage of the matches resulted with waza-ari increased. The percentage of the matches without any shido decreased from the elimination to the finals while there was a significant increase in the percentage of the matches with shido (p=.01). The match duration was found to increase from eliminations to the finals (p=.00). The efficiency index of the winner athletes during the first stage was higher than the other stages (p<.05). In conclusion, high-level judo athletes won a match with different scores at different stages during high-level judo competitions. Moreover, athletes were awarded with penalties more during the finals compared to eliminations, and match duration incrementally increased from the eliminations to the finals.[PT] Este estudo tem como objetivo demonstrar o efeito das sucessivas fases de competição no judô de alto nível nos resultados do combate e em diversos fatores que afetam o mesmo. Incluiu-se na análise um total de 4550 combates oficiais, tanto masculinos, como femininos. Utilizaram-se frequências e percentagens na estatística descritiva, assim como médias e desvio-padrão com intervalos de confiança de 95%. A diferença entre as variáveis investigadas para cada ronda das competições de judô analisou-se com o teste do Qui-Quadrado. As variáveis contínuas analisaram-se com o teste de Kruskal-Wallis. A forma como se conseguiu a vitória foi diferente nas rondas de eliminação, nas rondas finais e nas rondas de luta por medalhas (p=.02). No decurso das rondas, a percentagem de confrontos que terminaram com ippondiminuiu e a percentagem dos que terminaram com waza-ariaumentaram. A percentagem dos combates sem shidodiminuíram das eliminatórias até à final. Houve um aumento significativo das percentagens de combates com shido (p=.01). Verificou-se ainda que a duração dos combates aumentou desde as rondas eliminatórias até à final (p=.00). O índice de eficiência dos atletas vencedores urante a primeira fase foi mais alto do que o restante (p<.05). Em conclusão, nas competições de judô de alto nível os atletas de judô ganharam os seus combates com diferentes pontuações segundo as rondas. Por outro lado, receberam mais penalizações durante as finais, em comparação com as rondas eliminatórias, e a duração dos combates aumentou gradualmente desde as rondas eliminatórias até às finais

Acciones prohibidas en campeonatos mundiales de judo: diferencias entre atletas ganadores y no ganadores

[ES] Las sanciones en judo son consecuencia de acciones negativas que no se ajustan al reglamento de competición. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las diferencias en las penalizaciones entre competidores de judo ganadores y no ganadores. Se evaluaron un total de 1799 combates (hombres=1133 y mujeres=666) en los que hubo penalización, de los Campeonatos Mundiales de Judo de 2017, 2018 y 2019.Las variables se expresaron como proporciones y se compararon con la prueba de Chi-Cuadrado con pruebas Z por pares. La ratio de recibir el primer y segundo shido fue la misma en hombres y mujeres (p>.05), pero fue diferente según las categorías de peso (p.05), la ratio de acciones prohibidas en el primer y segundo shido difirió (p.05), but it wasdifferent for weight categories (p.05), the ratio of forbidden actions in the first and secondshido differed (p.05), mas foi diferente para as categorias de peso (p.05), mais a proporção de ações proibidas no primeiro eno segundo shido diferiu (p<.05).A diferençan as proporções de penalizações dos atletas vencedores en ãovencedores, especialmente a diferença nas ações proibidas que levam ao primeiro e segundo shido, pode refletir algumas diferenças táticas. Os resultados desta investigação podem contribuir significativamente para a compreensão do significado das penalizações no judo, tanto no treino, como na competição, bem como para o estudo maisa profundado do judo

Impact of time-of-day on judo-specific performance

In judo tournaments, matches for each weight category are held on the same day and athletes competing at the finals have to compete at different times of the day. This study aimed to investigate the effect of time-of-day on judo specific performance and the changes in physiological load following judo specific performance. Fourteen male judo athletes (age 19.1±1.4 years) voluntarily participated in the study. At the 1st visit, anthropometrical measurements and familiarization procedures were conducted and the athletes’ chronotype was determined. Athletes performed the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) during 2nd and 3rd visits. Athletes randomly performed two consecutive SJFTs with 15 min intervals at 10:00h, which is the official start time of matches, and at 18:00h which is the time when the finals start. During SJFT applications, athletes heart rate (HR), blood lactate (bLA), body temperature and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were monitored. The changes in total throw numbers (F1, 13= 1.32, p=0.27) and SJFT index (F1, 13= 0.30, p=0.59) were not different between morning and evening. There were similar changes in bLA (F4, 52=0.66, p=0.63), RPE (F1, 13=1.42, p=0.26) and body temperature (F1.4, 18.0=1.18, p=0.31) which were measured before and after the tests. However, HR measured in the evening were higher compared to morning measurement at all measurement times (F1, 13=10.28, p=0.01), but there was no difference in SJFT throws (F3.8, 48.8=0.49, p=0.74). In conclusion, different times of the day did not affect judo specific performance as well as physiological variables in judo athletes

THE EFFICIENCY OF FIRST TRIMESTER SCREENING; DOKUZ EYLUL UNIVERSITY EXPERIMENT

Amaç: Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi'nde (DEÜTF) ilk üç ay tarama testinin etkinliğini saptamak. Yöntemler: Ocak 2005 ve Mayıs 2006 tarihleri arasında kliniğimizde ilk üç ay testi yaptıran 1571 hasta retrospektif olarak değerlendirmeye alındı. Erken dönem gebelik kaybı olan, amniosentez yaptırmayan, geç dönem gebelik kaybı olan ve ulaşılamayan hastalar çalışmadan çıkarıldı. İlk üç ay testi biyokimyasal belirteçleri ve kombine riski ayrı ayrı hesaplanan 910 hasta cut-off değer 1/300 alındığında yüksek ve düşük riskli çıkanlar, yapılmışsa amniosentez sonuçlarına göre ayrı ayrı değerlendirildi. Sensitivite, spesifite, pozitif prediktif değer ve negatif prediktif değer hesaplanarak ilk üç ay testinin DEÜTF'de güvenilirliği ve etkinliği saptanmaya çalışıldı. Bulgular: İlk üç ay testi biyokimyasal belirteçleri bakılan hastalar için sensitivite %75, spesifite %87,6, pozitif prediktif değer %2,6, negatif prediktif değer % 99,8 olarak bulundu. Kombine risk için sensitivite %100, spesifite %92, pozitif prediktif değer %4, negatif prediktif değer %100 olarak bulundu. Sonuç: İkili teste NT ölçümünün eklenmesi, invaziv girişim oranını belirgin olarak azaltmıştır. Etkin bir laboratuar değerlendirme ile doğru NT ölçümünün DS tanısında ve normal gebelikleri ayırmadaki etkinliği açıktır Objective: To determine the efficiecy of the first trimester screening test in Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine (DEUSM). Methods: 1571 patients which first trimester screening tests were performed in our clinic have been evaluated retrospectively between 2005 January and 2006 March. Patients which have early onset missing fetuses (before 20. pregnancy weeks) and late onset missing fetuses (after 20. pregnancy weeks), pateints which we did not performe amniocentesis and patients which we could not reach were removed from the study. Inside total 910 patients, which arising cut-off degree 1/300 for biochemical markers and combined test, whether amniocentesis results performed were determined respectively. Sensitivities, specifities, positive predictive values and negative predictive values were calculated and it has been tried to find out reliability and efficiency of first trimester screening test in DEUSM. Results: Sensitivity was 75%, specifity was 87.6%, positive predictive value was 2.6% and negative predictive value was 99.8% for biochemical markers in first trimester screening test. Sensitivity was 100%, specifity was 92%, positive predictive value was 4% and negative predictive value was 100% for combined test. Conclusion: Adding NT to first trimester screening test made distinctive reduction in invasive attempts rates. It is clear that effective laboratory assessment with correct NT measurement is very efficient in discrimination between DS diagnosis and normal pregnancie

The relationship between judo specific test performances and physical fitness in prepubescent male judo athletes

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between judo specific test performances and physical fitness of prepubescent judo athletes. Forty male judo athletes aged 10-13 voluntarily participated. Athletes completed special judo fitness test (SJFT), hikisdashi uchi-komi test (HUT), judogi grip strength tests, and performance-related physical fitness components tests (aerobic power, strength, agility, explosive power, body composition). Correlation coefficients were used to analyze the relationship between the judo specific tests and physical fitness performances. Significant correlations were found between total throw numbers during SJFT, HUT performance, isometric and dynamic judogi grip strength test performance and general performance-related physical fitness tests. Also, negative correlations were found between judo specific tests performances and body fat percent. It can be concluded from the study that total throws in SJFT, 20 s HUT and dynamic judogi grip strength tests can be used to monitor performances of prepubescent judo athletes as these tests present large significant correlations with performance related physical fitness tests

Free-Form B-spline Deformation Model for Groupwise Registration

In this work, we extend a previously demonstrated entropy based groupwise registration method to include a free-form deformation model based on B-splines. We provide an efficient implementation using stochastic gradient descents in a multi-resolution setting. We demonstrate the method in application to a set of 50 MRI brain scans and compare the results to a pairwise approach using segmentation labels to evaluate the quality of alignment. Our results indicate that increasing the complexity of the deformation model improves registration accuracy significantly, especially at cortical regions

Model based process optimization of enhanced wastewater treatment plants

Avrupa Birliği&rsquo;ne uyum s&uuml;recinde ele alınan atık sorunu kapsamında, alıcı ortamlara yapılacak deşarjlarda konvansiyonal parametrelerin yanısıra azot ve fosfor (besi maddesi) parametrelerinin de belli standart değerlerin altına indirilmesi gerekli hale gelmiştir. Bu nedenle, &ldquo;Kentsel Atıksu Arıtımı Y&ouml;netmeliği, 2006&rdquo; ile uyum s&uuml;recinde olan &uuml;lkemizde azot ve fosfor standartları mevzuatımıza d&acirc;hil edilmiştir. &ldquo;Kentsel Atıksu Arıtımı Y&ouml;netmeliği, 2006&rdquo; kapsamında mevcut tesislerin besi maddesi giderimine y&ouml;nelik olarak geliştirilmesi, yeni kurulacak tesislerin ise besi maddesi giderecek şekilde en uygun arıtma teknolojisi kavramı &ccedil;er&ccedil;evesinde boyutlandırılması gereklidir. Besi maddesi giderimine y&ouml;nelik en uygun arıtma teknolojisi biyolojik prosesler, bunlar arasında en ekonomik &ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;m ise aktif &ccedil;amur sistemleri olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu &ccedil;alışma aktif &ccedil;amur tesislerinin, Avrupa Birliği normlarında performansını sağlayabilecek optimum tasarım ve işletme s&uuml;re&ccedil;lerinin değerlendirilmesini ama&ccedil;lamaktadır. Bu kapsamda, bir &ouml;rnek olarak ele alınan İstanbul Su ve Kanalizasyon İdaresi (İSKİ) Paşak&ouml;y İleri Biyolojik Atıksu Arıtma Tesisi&rsquo;nde mevcut durumda atıksu karakterizasyonu ve sistem performansı deneysel olarak belirlenmiş, elde edilen bilgiler kullanılarak s&uuml;rekli kullanıma uygun olacak model-bazlı tasarım ile işletme sim&uuml;lasyon programları hazırlanmış ve işletme optimizasyonu &ccedil;er&ccedil;evesinde &ccedil;ıkış besi maddesi konsantrasyonlarının d&uuml;ş&uuml;r&uuml;lmesi amacıyla işletme senaryoları oluşturularak &ouml;nerilerde bulunulmuştur. Y&uuml;r&uuml;t&uuml;len senaryo analizleri ile, havalandırma tanklarındaki &ccedil;&ouml;z&uuml;nm&uuml;ş oksijen seviyelerinin uygun ayarlanması, tesisin geri devir denitrifikasyonu prensibi yerine A2O veya UCT tipi sistem şeklinde işletilmesi ile sistem veriminin arttırılabileceği ve dolayısıyla &ccedil;ıkış besi maddesi konsantrasyonlarının azaltılabileceği belirlenmiştir.&nbsp;Anahtar Kelimeler: İleri biyolojik atıksu arıtma tesisi, atıksu karakterizasyonu, model-bazlı tasarım, işletme optimizasyonu.The Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive published in the Official Gazette No. 26047 of 08.01.2006 was adapted from the &ldquo;The Council Directive (91/271/EEC)&rdquo; concerning urban waste-water treatment was accepted in European Union Countries, which imposes enforcements about the collection and treatment of wastewater. This directive requires that also nitrogen and phosphorus (nutrients) to be removed together with the conventional parameters. In this context, it is very important to follow and apply the technological advances while the harmonization of legislations in Turkey with European Union Standards. Mathematical models are frequently used for the design and optimum operation of wastewater treatment systems. In order to use the activated sludge models for the process design and control, it is crucial to understand the behavior of complex biological reactions under steady and dynamic conditions. The initial step for the use of models should be, a model calibration according to the data obtained from the treatment plant and an analysis of the behavior of the treatment plant under dynamic influent and environmental conditions (Vanrolleghem et al., 2003). After the calibration of the prepared model according to the operational conditions of the treatment plant, the model can be used for the optimization of the plant, meeting the effluent quality standards, minimizing operational costs and for developing appropriate process control strategies. On the other hand the effect of changes in the process conditions on the model stability should be taken into consideration (Insel et al., 2007). The aim of this study was to evaluate the optimum design and operational criteria of advanced biological wastewater treatment plants by applying international monitoring and evaluation mechanisms that will increase the performance to norms required in the European Union. Accordingly, İSKİ Paşak&ouml;y Advanced Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant (ABWWTP) was chosen as a model plant and in the first stage on influent wastewater characterization, chemical oxygen demand (COD) fractionation and performance of the activated sludge system were experimentally determined. In the second stage, using the dimensions of the İSKİ Paşak&ouml;y ABWWTP units and the experimentally determined operational parameters, model calibration studies were conducted. On this context, theoretical parameters of model-based design and operational simulation programs applied for the plant were evaluated. In the last stage of the study, for operational optimization, according to the results obtained from the experimental and simulation studies conducted at İSKİ Paşak&ouml;y ABWWTP, operational scenarios were developed and suggestions were made. In the scenario analysis reduction of effluent phosphorus and total nitrogen concentration was aimed and the effect of (i) the aeration system control, (ii) recycle denitrification (iii) influent VFA concentration was analyzed and the effect of (iv) different system configurations was evaluated. The results of statistical data analysis of wastewater characterization studies conducted at İSKİ Paşak&ouml;y Advanced Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant aiming nitrogen and phosphorus removal revealed that due to low influent Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), Total Phosphorus (TP) and Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA) concentrations, high efficiencies of biological phosphorus removal was not achievable. According to the scenario analysis performed for the treatment plant it has been concluded that it is possible to increase the removal efficiency of the system and achieve lower effluent total nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations by setting the dissolved oxygen levels to appropriate levels and operating the systems as an A2O or a UCT type system instead of a recycle denitrification system. It has been concluded that if the scenario analyses were applied it is not possible to meet the European Union Effluent Quality Standard of 1.0 mg/l for the phosphorus parameter. Experimental and model based studies have to be conducted for the installation of a fermentation process together with different system configurations that are required to meet the effluent quality standard by biological treatment.&nbsp;Keywords: Paşak&ouml;y wastewater treatment plant, wastewater characterization, model based optimization, process control

Predictive values of maternal serum PAPP-A level, uterine artery Doppler velocimetry, and fetal biometric measurements for poor pregnancy and poor neonatal outcomes in pregnant women

Objective: To determine predictive values of maternal serum PAPP-A (msPAPP-A) levels, uterine artery Doppler velocimetry, and fetal biometric measurements (FBMs) for poor pregnancy and poor neonatal outcomes. Material and Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted on singleton pregnancies followed until delivery. Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were evaluated with respect to the msPAPP-A level at the 11th-14th weeks, uterine artery Doppler velocimetry at the 15th-18th weeks, and FBMs at the 20th-24th and 28th-32nd weeks of pregnancy. Results: One hundred fifty-eight women constituted the study group; 17 (10.75%) of them had at least one poor pregnancy outcome. The cut-off point of 0.72 multiple of the median (MoM) for the PAPP-A level achieved a sensitivity of 82.4% and a specificity of 29.8% for poor pregnancy outcomes. The mean birth weight was significantly lower in the subgroup with a higher mean pulsatility index of uterine arteries (UAPImean >= 1.19) (p=0.025) as well as in the subgroup with a higher mean resistance index of uterine arteries (UARImean >= 0.62) (p=0.013). When the subgroup of pregnant women under the risk of early-onset IUGR according to FBMs was compared to the low-risk group, statistically significant differences were seen in terms of pregnancy outcomes (p=0.045) and birth weight (p=0.011). Conclusion: Maternal serum PAPP-A level and FBMs could be used for predicting pregnancy outcomes, while uterine artery Doppler velocimetry and FBMs could be used for predicting neonatal outcomes, specifically the birth weight