Characterization of pigments used in the execution of wall paintings in Kadıkalesi

Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Architectural Restoration, Izmir, 2010Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 79-84)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and English.xii, 84 leavesSince prehistoric times wall paintings have been remarkable symbols of existences, identities, cultures and life-styles of human beings and societies and considerable integral parts of art and architecture. In this context, determination of painting techniques and materials employed and deterioration problems of the wall paintings, as of being part of built cultural heritage, have been crucial in terms of conservation. In this study, wall paintings existing in the Byzantine church-monastery edifice which have been uncovered in Kadıkalesi (Anaia) archaeological site were investigated for the purpose of identification of the original materials and painting technique. Mineralogical, chemical and micro-structural characteristic of the pigments and binding mediums employed in the fabrication of paintings; and basic physical properties, raw material compositions, mineralogical, chemical and micro-structural features of surface renderings underlying the painting layers were established. In the analyses, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), optical microscope, Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy and thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA) were used. On the basis of analyses results, it was determined that lime-secco technique was used in the fabrication of the investigated wall painting fragments; pigments were applied after mixed with lime (generally dolomitic lime) as binder on the surface of dry fine plaster. The density and porosity values of the fine plasters which paintings were executed are 1.20 g/cm3 and 40 % by volume respectively. The fine plasters were constructed with pure lime with small amount of soil material. Iron oxide-based pigments in red, yellow and purple paintings and aluminosilicate-based pigments; such as celadonite, glauconite in green paintings, lazurite and glaucophane in blue and dark blue paintings were employed

Execution technique and pigment characteristics of Byzantine wall paintings of Anaia Church in Western Anatolia

In this study, material characteristics of wall paintings executed in 11th Century Byzantine Church located in archaeological site of Anaia (Turkey) were investigated to provide historical information of the painting techniques. For this purpose, physical, chemical and mineralogical compositions of the paintings were determined by X-Ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive spectroscopy and Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis. Analysis results indicated that the paintings were executed using lime-secco technique. In this technique, pigments were mixed with lime and applied on a smooth plaster layer. Pigments used were mainly iron oxides for red, yellow and purple paintings, aluminosilicates such as celadonite for green paintings and lazurite for dark blue paintings

The Relationship Between Maximal Oxygen Intake, Body Fat and Bone Marker Measurements in Different Sports Branches

Objectives: The purpose of our study is to evaluate the interaction between maximal oxygen intake, body composition and some bone marker measurements in Turkish elite players. Methods: A total of 51 Turkish players of Turkish Super League from following disciplines were included in the study: football (25 players), basketball (12 players) and volleyball (14 players). Maximal oxygen intake as a cardiorespiratory fitness measurement and some anthropometric measurements such as body weight, fat mass, fat free mass were measured. We analyzed the serum samples for total serum 25(OH)D and calcium levels. The data of individuals were categorized as indoor sports (volleyball and basketball) and outdoor sports (football); also according to the branches. Results: In this study, it was found that, fat mass (p=.019) and fat free mass (p=.000) were significantly higher for indoor sports athletes. On the contrary, VO2 max intake (p=.001) and serum vitamin 25(OH)D (p=.000) levels were significantly lower in indoor athletes. For all participants, only 51.0% subjects had sufficient serum vitamin 25(OH)D. It was found that vitamin D levels was inversely related with body weight (spearman r=-0.41, p=.003), fat free mass (spearman r:-0.51, p=.000) and basal metabolic rate (spearman r:-0.35, p=.012). We found no significant correlation between total calcium levels and any of the other parameters. Conclusion: In Turkish athletes, better cardiorespiratory fitness and lower percent of body fat were associated with higher serum 25(OH)D level. All these data were independent of serum total calcium level

A comparative real-time speed control of PMSM with Fuzzy Logic and ANN based vector controller

This paper presents, analyzed real-time speed control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) under constant load by using Fuzzy Logic (FL) controller and recurrent Artificial Neural Network (ANN) controller. A closed loop PMSM drive system is improved using the mathematical model of the PMSM in Matlab / Simulink. Two types of controllers are used; the first controller is the real-time FL controller and the second controller is a real-time recurrent ANN controller in terms of smoother speed response. Whole drive systems is simulated in Matlab/Simulink program. The simulation results show that the focused ANN controller produce considerable control performance compare to the FL controller on controlling speed reference variation

İÇSEL BÜYÜMEDE İÇSELLEŞME SÜREÇLERİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Bu çalışmanın amacı, içsel büyümenin temel girdilerinden bilgi, beşeri sermaye ve teknolojik gelişmenin, eğitim, Ar-Ge, üniversite-sanayi işbirliği, yaparak öğrenme ve yayılma yoluyla, üretim süreçlerinde nasıl içselleştiklerini ortaya koymaktır. Eğitim ile bilgi birikimleri artan kişiler iş hayatında görev aldıkça, Ar-Ge ile elde edilen yeni teknolojiler üretimde kullanıldıkça, üniversite-sanayi işbirliği ile teorik bilgi stoku uygulamayla buluştukça, yaparak öğrenme ile çalışanların deneyimleri arttıkça firmaların ve ülkelerin rekabet güçleri artabilecektir. Türkiye için 1970-2001 dönemi verileri kullanılarak yapılan ampirik analizde, emek ve sermaye faktörleri ile GSMH arasında pozitif; eğitim harcamaları ve dış ticaret hacmi ile sermaye stoku arasında ise negatif bir ilişki bulunmuştur

Paraoxonase (PON1) L55M and Q192R polymorphisms in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder

Objective: Oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways, along with immune-inflammatory response, might play an important role in the pathogenic mechanisms underlying major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. The aim of the present study is to investigate paraoxonase 1 polymorphisms and its correlations with disease parameters in patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Methods: PON1 L55M and Q192R single nucleotide polymorphisms were analyzed in a group consisted of 100 patients with major depressive disorder, and 100 patients with bipolar disorder and 96 healthy controls. Polymorphisms were analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between groups for the existence of PON1 genotypes. Additionally, there was no association between the PON1 genotypes and disease variables in both depressed and bipolar patients. Conclusions: Evaluating the different stages of patients with mood disorders and examining the connection between PON1 polymorphisms and treatment outcomes will help us to clarify the relationship between PON1 and mood disorders.Publisher's Versio

Paraoxonase (PON1) L55M and Q192R polymorphisms in major depression and bipolar affective disorder

Background: Oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways, along with immune-inflammatory response, might play an important role in the pathogenic mechanisms underlying major depression and bipolar disorder. Objective: The aim of the present study is to investigate paraoxonase 1 polymorphisms and its correlations with disease parameters in patients with major depression and bipolar affective disorder. Methods: PON1 L55M and Q192R single nucleotide polymorphisms were analyzed in a group consisted of 100 patients with major depression, and 100 patients with bipolar affective disorder and 96 healthy controls. Polymorphisms were analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction. Results: Our findings reported no association between Q192R and L55M polymorphisms of PON1 and major depression and bipolar disorder. Additionally, there was no association between the PON1 genotypes and disease variables in both depressed and bipolar patients. Discussion: Evaluating the different stages of patients with affective disorders and and investigating the connection between PON1 polymorphisms and treatment outcomes will help us to clarify the relationship between PON1 and mood disorders.This study was supported by the Gaziosmanpasa University (project no: 2015/28). The authors would like to thank the patients and the controls for their participationPublisher's Versio