Transitioning Your Institutional Repository into a Digital Archive

The Wolf Law Library at the College of William & Mary has spent the past several years developing a digital repository. The scope of digital collections has evolved from one of a strictly scholarly nature to incorporate the Law School’s historical materials. Now the repository houses both the intellectual output of the law faculty and the school’s digital archive

Building a Digital Archive: The William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository

In July of 2010 the William & Mary Law School broke ground on a digital repository. Six months later, we boasted more than 5,000 items across eleven collections. While this pace could not be maintained when the existing digital content was exhausted, it created a template for expanding the repository beyond our initial goals

“The Cane of Love:” Social and Cultural Reform of Corporal Punishment in South Korea

With the public release of a very controversial video of a middle school teacher beating a student, much attention has been put on South Korea domestically as well as internationally to establish and reform policies regarding corporal punishment in schools. Since corporal punishment has been practiced in the classroom for centuries, it has been a hard fought battle of rapid social change and conservation of culture between those who wish to protect established cultural norms that accept corporal punishment in the classroom versus progressive ideas that strive to protect the integrity and human rights of school children

Historical Diet Analysis of Loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and Kemp\u27s Ridley (Lepidochelys kempi) Sea Turtles in Virginia

The Chesapeake Bay and coastal waters of Virginia, U.S.A. serve as foraging grounds for loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and Kemp’s ridley (Lepidochelys kempi) sea turtles from approximately May to October each year. Both loggerheads and Kemp’s ridleys are known to feed primarily on benthic invertebrates as juveniles and adults, but specific prey preferences vary between geographic regions. The Virginia Institute of Marine Science Sea Turtle Program has collected diet data and gut samples from stranded and incidentally caught sea turtles in Virginia since 1979. Examination of turtles that stranded in Virginia during the late 1970s and early 1980s indicated that loggerheads fed primarily on Atlantic horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) and Kemp’s ridleys primarily on blue crab (Callinectes sapidus). During 1980 to 1994, 1997, and 2000 to 2002, 128 whole digestive tract samples and 41 partial gut samples were collected from loggerheads in Virginia. Diet information was noted on stranding datasheets for an additional 134 loggerheads from 1980 to 2002. Twenty-three whole samples and 10 partial samples were collected in Virginia from Kemp’s ridleys during 1987 to 1994 and 2000 to 2002, and data were available on an additional 26 ridleys from 1983 to 2002. Prey items in the samples were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level, and dry weights and prey item counts were recorded. Results indicate a shift in loggerhead diet from predominantly horseshoe crab during the early to mid-1980s to predominantly blue crab during the late 1980s and early 1990s. Loggerhead diet in the mid-1990s and 2000 to 2002 was dominated by finfish, particularly menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) and croaker (Micropogonias undulatus). These diet shifts suggest that fishery-related declines in horseshoe crab and blue crab populations have caused loggerheads to instead forage on fish caught in nets or on discarded bycatch. A slight seasonal effect on diet was also detected, and the diet of juvenile loggerheads differed somewhat from that of the adults. The small Kemp’s ridley dataset suggests that blue crabs and spider crabs (Libinia spp.) were important components of ridley diet in Virginia during 1987 to 2002

Elevated Hippocampal Cholinergic Neurostimulating Peptide precursor protein (HCNP-pp) mRNA in the amygdala in major depression

The amygdala is innervated by the cholinergic system and is involved in major depressive disorder (MDD). Evidence suggests a hyper-activate cholinergic system in MDD. Hippocampal Cholinergic Neurostimulating Peptide (HCNP) regulates acetylcholine synthesis. The aim of the present work was to investigate expression levels of HCNP-precursor protein (HCNP-pp) mRNA and other cholinergic-related genes in the postmortem amygdala of MDD patients and matched controls (females: N=16 pairs; males: N=12 pairs), and in the mouse unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) model that induced elevated anxiety-/depressive-like behaviors (females: N=6 pairs; males: N=6 pairs). Results indicate an up-regulation of HCNP-pp mRNA in the amygdala of women with MDD (p<0.0001), but not males, and of UCMS-exposed mice (males and females; p=0.037). HCNP-pp protein levels were investigated in the human female cohort, but no difference was found. There were no differences in gene expression of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), muscarinic (mAChRs) or nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) between MDD subjects and controls or UCMS and control mice, except for an up-regulation of AChE in UCMS-exposed mice (males and females; p=0.044). Exploratory analyses revealed a baseline expression difference of cholinergic signaling-related genes between women and men (p<0.0001). In conclusion, elevated amygdala HCNP-pp expression may contribute to mechanisms of MDD in women, potentially independently from regulating the cholinergic system. The differential expression of genes between women and men could also contribute to the increased vulnerability of females to develop MDD.Fil: Bassi, Sabrina Cecilia. University of Pittsburgh; Estados Unidos. Hospital Italiano. Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Seney, Marianne L.. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Argibay, Pablo. Hospital Italiano. Instituto de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Sibille, Etienne. University of Pittsburgh; Estados Unidos. University of Toronto; Canad

Increasing the Performance of a Sliding Discharge Actuator Through the Application of Multiple Potentials

This work encompasses a comparison between a sliding discharge DBD actuator with grounded and AC biased sliding electrode driven at kHz frequency. The induced velocity in the bulk flow was recorded with PIV and compared for multiple potential splits between two test configurations and a baseline sliding discharge actuator over three test phases. In the first test phase, varying potential splits were examined between the primary and secondary electrode with the sliding electrode grounded. The potential splits induced a thicker induced jet than the baseline case with similar peak velocities on the order of 1.25 m/s at the 61 mm test point. The second test phase encompassed an examination of the effects of varying the potentials applied to the primary and sliding discharge electrode with the potential difference between the electrodes maintained at 15 kV. Induced velocities ranged from a low of 0.17 m/s to a high of 1.87 m/s. The data suggests that the induced velocity is primarily dependent upon the primary to secondary electrode potential split. Phase three examined the effect of applying an AC potential to the sliding discharge electrode. The induced jet decreases in height and the vertical velocity component decreases with an increasing bias on the sliding discharge electrode. Peak jet velocity increases with increasing bias on the sliding electrode until such bias reaches the ionization thresh hold of the bulk flow

Overcoming Barriers to Documenting Institutional Knowledge

It is inevitable—employees come and go in libraries. When they leave, they take their institutional knowledge out the door with them unless it is captured before they go. Documenting institutional knowledge is crucial for continuity of service. Anyone who has ever inherited a department or started at a new library with highly reined and involved procedures knows that learning how and why processes are managed can be overwhelming. If there is no documentation to explain things, library staff can be stymied for months as they get up to speed, severely impacting productivity and morale. Knowing all of this, many libraries still struggle to record procedures. here are many reasons for this struggle, some of which involve individual employees and some of which are systemic. Addressing these barriers is foundational in every institution to ensure a stable library infrastructure

Tocqueville et Guizot: la fondation d'un libéralisme des moeurs

Alexis de Tocqueville est un auteur canonique du libéralisme. Son inscription au sein du libéralisme s’opère fréquemment par une accentuation unilatérale de sa défense de la liberté individuelle. Certes, Tocqueville défend la liberté individuelle, elle prend une place décisive dans son œuvre où l’objectif théorique proposé révèle sa volonté d’élever l’individu à côté de la société et de l’État. Mais cette défense est constamment pensée chez Tocqueville en interrogeant ses conditions de possibilité qui sont indissociables d’une culture politique où la participation politique est une dimension essentielle. Une participation politique qui fonde des habitudes collectives, une culture civique, assurant ainsi la pérennité des institutions démocratiques libérales. En ce sens, il est évident que le libéralisme de Tocqueville est déterminé par un cadre plus large que la seule défense de la liberté individuelle. Afin qu’elle s’épanouisse pleinement et véritablement, il y a une priorité absolue d’une pratique continue de la liberté, la liberté politique qui actualise sans repos les conditions de possibilité de la liberté individuelle. Cette pratique de la liberté politique contribue à la formation des «mœurs libres», ces habitudes collectives qui organisent une culture civique particulière, mœurs indispensables au maintien des sociétés libres. Nous identifierons donc Tocqueville à un libéralisme des mœurs. Afin de saisir adéquatement la réelle portée de la pensée tocquevillienne, nous dévoilerons les influences intellectuelles fondamentales qui ont présidé à l’élaboration de La Démocratie en Amérique. De fait, nous restituerons l’espace intertextuel entre Tocqueville et François Guizot. Cet espace révèle l’influence certaine de Guizot sur Tocqueville, mais il rend également saillante son insistance sur une pratique de la liberté politique.Alexis de Tocqueville is a canonical author of liberalism. His inscription within liberalism often commented as a unilateral emphasis of the defence of individual freedom. Certainly, Tocqueville defends individual freedom and it is a decisive part of his work where his proposed theoretical objective reveals his will to elevate the individual to the level of society and the State. But this defence is always thought of by Tocqueville in his questioning of the conditions of possibility of freedom which are inseparable of a political culture where political participation is an essential dimension. A political participation which melts collective habits, civic culture, thus insuring the permanence of its liberal democratic institutions. It appears that the liberalism of Tocqueville is determined by a broader frame than the only defence of individual freedom. For a real individual freedom that flourishes entirely, there is the absolute preference for a continuous practice of freedom, political freedom which constantly updates the conditions of possibility of individual freedom. This practice of political freedom contributes to the development of « free manners », these collective habits which organize a particular civic culture, manners necessary to the assertion of the free societies. We shall identify Tocqueville with a liberalism of manners. To properly grasp the true range of the tocquevillian thought, we shall reveal the fundamental intellectual influences which governed the drafting of Democracy in America. Indeed, we shall restore the intertextual space between Tocqueville and François Guizot. This space reveals the certain influence of Guizot on Tocqueville, but also reveals his emphasis on a practice of political freedom