Is the LAN effect in morphosyntactic processing an ERP artifact?

Available online 4 February 2019.The left anterior negativity (LAN) is an ERP component that has been often associated with morphosyntactic processing, but recent reports have questioned whether the LAN effect, in fact, exists. The present project examined whether the LAN effect, observed in the grand average response to local agreement violations, is the result of the overlap between two different ERP effects (N400, P600) at the level of subjects (n = 80), items (n = 120), or trials (n = 6160). By-subject, by-item, and by-trial analyses of the ERP effect between 300 and 500 ms showed a LAN for 55% of the participants, 46% of the items, and 49% of the trials. Many examples of the biphasic LAN-P600 response were observed. Mixed-linear models showed that the LAN effect size was not reduced after accounting for subject variability. The present results suggest that there are cases where the grand average LAN effect represents the brain responses of individual participants, items, and trials.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry [PSI 2014-54500- P; IJCI-2016-27702; PSI2017-82941-P]; the Basque Government [PI_2015_1_25]; and the Severo Ochoa [SEV-2015-0490]

Implementasi Pedoman Kendali Mutu Audit-aparat Pengawasan Intern Pemerintah Pada Inspektorat Provinsi Sulawesi Utara

The purpose of this research is to know the Implementation of Audit Quality Control – Internal Auditing of Government Apparatus (PKMA-APIP) at Inspectorate of North Sulawesi Province. Procedures in PKMA-APIP consist of Strategic Plan Design, Audit Plan, Audit Action Plan Program Design, Audit Supervision, Audit Process, Audit Report, Feedback on Audit Report and Human Resources they are intended to ensure APIP professionalism implementation in enhancing supervising role quality. This study is a qualitative descriptive research. The result show that the implementation for audit quality control in the Inspectorate of North Sulawesi Province is not optimal and not appropriate perfectly. It is because the audit plan has not been implemented appropriate with PKMA-APIP, human resources are unqualified to fulfill existing workload, monitoring follow up results of the audit conducted by the unit performing the function of reporting is not maximized, unclear job description towards the unit managing administration and human resources, procedures provided in supporting the implementation of the tasks have not yet been implemented adequately and effectively to monitor the implementation of programs and activities (peer review). The monitor is to ensure and guarantee that the audit conducted by the Inspectorate of North Sulawesi Province meet the standard audit. Keywords : Audit, Quality Control, Government Internal Auditor

POLA SEBARAN BINTANG LAUT BERDURI (Protoreaster nodosus) DI PANTAI SALIBABU KECAMATAN SALIBABU KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN TALAUD PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA

Wilayah perairan memiliki sumberdaya pesisir yang beragam, salah satunya Echinodermata. Echinodermata (echinoderm) berasal dari Bahasa Yunani echin (berduri) derma (kulit). Secara umum Echinodermata merupakan organisme laut yang pergerakannya sangat lambat. Filum Echinodermata memiliki lima kelas diantaranya kelas Asteroidea yang mempunyai lima lengan atau lebih yang memanjang dan memiliki tubuh radikal yang berwujud bintang (stellate), serta memiliki rangka yang dapat mampu membantu dalam pergerakan. Tubuh Asteroidea memiliki dua bagian ialah bagian aboral (dorsal) dan oral (ventral).   Kelas Asteroidea memiliki genus Protoreaster yang banyak dijumpai di Pantai Salibabu. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pola sebaran bintang laut berduri (Protoreaster nodosus) di Pantai Salibabu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu purposive sampling dengan menggunakan plot 1 m x 1 m. Lokasi penelitian yaitu padang lamun, batu berpasir, dan terumbu karang. Bintang laut (Protoreaster nodosus) yang didapat pada bulan Desember 2018 berjumlah 48 individu pada ketiga lokasi. Pada lokasi padang lamun (I) ditemukan 22 individu; batu berpasir (II) ditemukan 13 individu; pada terumbu karang (III) ditemukan 13 individu, sedangkan pada bulan Januari 2019 total individu berjumlah 51 individu pada padang lamun ditemukan 28 individu, batu berpasir ditemukan 14, dan terumbu karang berjumlah 9 individu. Pola sebaran bintang laut berduri pada ketiga lokasi penelitian  memiliki pola sebaran  yang mengelompok dan acak pada pengamatan sampel bulan Desember 2018 dan bulan Januari 2019The waters have diverse coastal resources, one of which is Echinoderms. Echinoderms (echinoderm) are derived from the Greek echin (thorny) derma (skin). In general, Echinoderms are marine organisms that move very slowly. Phylum Echinodermata has five classes, one of which is the Asteroidea class, which has five or more arms that are elongated and has a radical body in the form of a star (stellate), and has a frame that can be able to assist in movement. Asteroidea's body has two parts: the aboral (dorsal) and oral (ventral) parts. The Asteroidea class has the Protoreaster genus which is commonly found on Salibabu Beach. The purpose of this study was to analyze the distribution pattern of thorny starfish (Protoreaster nodosus) on Salibabu Beach. The method used in this study is purposive sampling using 1 m x 1 m quadratic plot. The research locations are seagrass beds, sandy rocks, and coral reefs. Starfish (Protoreaster nodosus) obtained in December 2018 totaled 48 individuals in all three locations. At the location of seagrass (I) 22 individuals were found; sandstone (II) found 13 individuals; on coral reef (III) 13 individuals were found, while in January 2019 a total of 51 individuals; in the seagrass found 28 individuals, sandy stones found 14, and coral reefs amounted to 9 individuals. The distribution pattern of thorny starfish in the three study sites has a regular distribution pattern on sample observations in December 2018 and January 2019

Penentuan Status Pemanfaatan dan Skenario Pengelolaan Ikan Tongkol (Auxis Rochei) yang Tertangkap di Perairan Kabupaten Siau-tagulandang-biaro Sulawesi Utara

Ikan tongkol (Auxis rochei), perlu dikelola dengan baik karena walaupun sebagai sumberdaya alam terbarukan, namun dapat mengalami deplesi ataupun kepunahan. Salah satu pendekatan dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan ialah dengan pemodelan. Analisis dilakukan bertujuan untuk mendapatkan model terbaik untuk model produksi surplus guna mengetahui tangkapan maksimum lestari (MSY), tingkat pemanfaatan, dan pengupayaan ikan tongkol. Data hasil tangkapan dan upaya tangkap ikan tongkol dikumpulkan dari Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Siau-Tagulandang-Biaro dan Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Provinsi Sulawesi Utara Sulawesi. Model Produksi Surplus terbaik, yang digunakan untuk menilai potensi ikan tongkol ialah model Schaefer. Upaya optimal (EMSY)sebesar 5436 trip per tahun. Hasil tangkapan optimal CMSY sebesar 1040,94 ton per tahun. Tingkat pemanfaatan untuk tahun 2013 ialah 103,80 %, dengan tingkat pengusahaan sebesar 110,56 %, yang menunjukkan terjadi tangkap-lebih (overfishing)

RNA polymerase supply and flux through the lac operon in Escherichia coli.

Chromatin immunoprecipitation, followed by quantification of immunoprecipitated DNA, can be used to measure RNA polymerase binding to any DNA segment in Escherichia coli By calibrating measurements against the signal from a single RNA polymerase bound at a single promoter, we can calculate both promoter occupancy levels and the flux of transcribing RNA polymerase through transcription units. Here, we have applied the methodology to the E. coli lactose operon promoter. We confirm that promoter occupancy is limited by recruitment and that the supply of RNA polymerase to the lactose operon promoter depends on its location in the E. coli chromosome. Measurements of RNA polymerase binding to DNA segments within the lactose operon show that flux of RNA polymerase through the operon is low, with, on average, over 18 s elapsing between the passage of transcribing polymerases. Similar low levels of flux were found when semi-synthetic promoters were used to drive transcript initiation, even when the promoter elements were changed to ensure full occupancy of the promoter by RNA polymerase.This article is part of the themed issue 'The new bacteriology'

Analisis Kandungan Merkuri Pada Tanah Dan Umbi Tanaman Ubi Kayu (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) Di Daerah Pertambangan Desa Soyowan, Minahasa Tenggara

Merkuri merupakan salah satu logam berat berbahaya diantara logam berat lainya seperti Timbal (Pb), Arsenik (As), Kadmium (Cd), Kromium (Cr) dan Nikel (Ni). Merkuri memiliki sifat beracun yang sangat kuat diketahui dapat terakumulasi dan tetap berada di dalam tubuh mahluk hidup dalam jangka waktu yang lama sebagai racun yang terakumukasi. Penelitian ini di lakukan untuk mengetahui kandungan merkuri pada tanah dan Umbi tanaman ubi kayu (Manihot esculenta Crantz) di daerah pertambangan Desa Soyowan Minahasa Tenggara. Dengan menggunakan Metode Purposive Random Sampling. Pengambilan sampel terbagi atas tiga stasiun dengan tiga kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan merkuri dalam tanah tidak terdeteksi oleh alat AAS (Atomic ansorption Spectrometry) karena kandungan merkuri pada tanah terlampau kecil, sedangkan pada sampel umbi tanaman ubi kayu memiliki kandungan merkuri yaitu 0,1414 ppm. Konsentrasi merkuri (Hg) melebihi ambang batas sehingga tanaman pada Stasiun II tidak layak lagi untuk dikonsumsiMercury is one of the heavy metals containing other heavy metals such as Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr) and Nickel (Ni). Mercury has very strong and accountable characteristics and remains in living things for a long time as an educated conversation. Manihot esculenta Crantz in the Mining Area of Soyowan Village, Southeast Minahasa. By using the Purposive Random Sampling method, sampling was divided into three stations with three replications. The results showed that the mercury content in the soil could not be found by the AAS tool because the mercury content in the soil was too small, whereas the tuber samples of cassava plants had a mercury content of 0.1414 ppm. excessive mercury (Hg)  concentration threshold so plants at Station II are no longer suitable for consumptio

E-shopping and its relationship with in-store shopping: Empirical evidence from the Netherlands and the USA

Despite considerable examination of the impact of telecommunications on travel, little empirical evidence sheds light on the impact of e-shopping on travel - a recent and increasingly popular form of telecommunications. This paper analyses determinants of online buying and their relationship with in-store shopping, using empirical data obtained from Minneapolis, USA, and Utrecht, the Netherlands. Based on chi-square tests and logistic and ordinary least-squares regressions, the results indicate that online buying is affected by sociodemographics and spatial characteristics of people, their Internet experience, and their attitudes towards in-store shopping. US respondents who prefer to see products in person are less likely to buy online. Dutch respondents are more likely to buy online as travel times to shops are shorter. At first sight, this counterintuitive result might be related to an urban, innovative lifestyle that supports e-shopping. A more detailed analysis of Dutch online buyers reveals that they make more shopping trips than non-online buyers and have a shorter shopping duration. The results indicate that the relationship between online buying and in-store shopping is not one of substitution but of complementarity. © 2006 Taylor & Francis