The Influence of Age and Stimuli on the Explanations of Same and Different by Young Children

This study investigated the influence of chronological age and stimuli on the explanations of same and different by young children. Seventy children, between by young children. the ages of three-years, six-months and nine-years, six-months, selected on the basis of chronological age, normal speech and language development, and normal verbal maturity, were involved as subjects. A test consisting of a series of verbal tasks was administered to each child. The experimenter recorded and later analyzed and classified all responses for each child, following specific guidelines for judging appropriateness of response and assigning each appropriate response to one of three classifications

Continuously varying skin potentials elicited by sinusoidally varying electric shock potentials

An investigation was carried out to determine whether a form of quasi-linear systems analysis can be applied to electrodormal responses to yield new insights into the nature of the response mechanisms and their interrelationships. The response investigated was the electrodermal response (galvanic skin potential, GSP) as elicited by an electric shock stimulus applied to the skin. The response subsequent to this stimulation was examined and its characteristics measured. A series of experimental runs on three Ss was accomplished, using sinusoidal modulation envelopes of frequencies. Results showed that it was possible to drive the GSP and to achieve relatively high coherence between the driving frequency and the response itself. The analysis was limited to Fourier analysis of the response in order to determine the relative energies at the driving frequency and at successive harmonics of that driving frequency, and correlational analysis in order to determine the degree of linear relationship between the driving frequency and the driven response

Approaches to modeling pathogen and natural organic matter removals in slow-rate biofilters

There are limited expressions capable of estimating removals in one of the world\u27s oldest and most sustainable water treatment systems: slow-rate biofilters. This research addresses the problem by deriving semi-empirical models that predict pathogen and natural organic matter removals within these natural and engineered sand filters. The more complex pathogen model, or phenomenological colloidal filtration theory (pCFT), applies the 1937 Iwasaki solution to New England pilot scale E. coli observations. The derived pCFT was then calibrated through a series of experimental bench scale phases. Further pCFT validation came by way of a seamless application to multiple microorganisms. Viruses (MS2 as surrogate) and aerobic spore-forming bacteria (ASFB) appear to be less subjected to phenomenological filtration than that of Enterococci, E. coli and total coliforms. While variables remain unknown, the aforementioned microbiological contamination indicators can be modeled to within one log removal for a given source water and filter. Modeling natural organic matter, on the other hand, is primarily based on biological processes in SRBFs following first order kinetics as a function of filter residence time. This makes the above natural organic matter model directly proportional to the amount of biologically degradable dissolved organic carbon available in a given source water and filter. While multiple questions remain within the derived expressions, the resulting math provides a new level of efficacy in modeling removal capabilities for slow-rate biofilters