치조골 증대술에서 NOVOSIS®-Dent 와 Bio-Oss 와의 골 치유 양상 비교

Department of Dentistry연구 목적: 이 무작위 비교임상연구의 목적은 치조골 증대술에서 hydroxyapatite 입자를 운반체로 하는 bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2/hydroxyapatite)를 사용하였을 때, inorganic bovine-derived xenograft (BDX)과 비교하여 초기 체적 변화를 평가하기 위함이다. 실험 재료 및 방법: 20 개의 골결손 부위가 무작위 배정을 통해 BMP- 2/hydroxyapatite 와 BDX 두 군으로 배정되었다. 수술 직후와 술 후 4 개월째에 컴퓨터단층촬영과 치과파노라마방사선사진이 촬영되었으며, 체적 변화의 측정을 위해 컴퓨터단층촬영 영상은 삼차원적으로 재구성되고 치과파노라마방사선사진 상에서 이차원적인 계측이 시행되었다. 연구 결과: BMP-2/hydroxyapatite와 BDX 군의 흡수율은 각각 13.2±8.8%와 13.8±20.5% (mean±standard deviation)였다. 평균값은 두 군 사이에서 유 의미하게 다르지 않았으나 (p>0.05), BDX 군이 BMP-2/hydroxyapatite 군 보다 높은 표준편차를 갖는 것이 관찰되었다. 모든 군에서 임상적으로 특 기할만한 합병증은 발생하지 않았다. 결론: BMP-2/hydroxyapatite 와 BDX 모두 치조골 증대술에 효과적이며, 좀 더 난해한 골 결손부에서는 BMP-2/hydroxyapatite 가 좀 더 유용할 것으로 보인다open박

Apolipoprotein E and H Polymorphisms in Mongolian Buryat: Allele Frequencies and Relationship with Plasma Lipid Levels

ABuryat population consisting of seven tribal groups in eastern Mongolia has been screened to determine the frequency distribution of different apolipoprotein E and H alleles (APOE and APOH, genes) coding for common isoforms and their association with quantitative plasma lipid levels. Allele frequencies at the APOE locus in 125 healthy Buryat aged 17 to 73 years were highest for APOE*3 (0.804), followed by APOE*4 (0.164) and APOE*2 (0.032). The APOH locus had high frequencies of APOH*2 (0.912) and APOH*3 (0.088). APOH*1 was not detected. No significant differences were observed in the overall APOE allele frequencies between the Buryat and the Siberian Evenki, Inuits, and Indians in Asia, or with some European whites. The frequency distribution of the overall APOH alleles of the Buryat was similar to that of the Japanese in Asia. Overall plasma lipid levels of the Buryat (males aged 20 to 73 years, females aged 21 to 64 years) were considerably lower, comparable to those of the Evenki. The APOE*4/E*3 males had significantly high total- and LDL-cholesterol levels compared with the APOE*3/E*3 males (p \u3c 0.025 and p \u3c 0.01, respectively). No significant effects of the APOH genotypes on any of the plasma lipid levels were observed. In particular, our data regarding APOE suggest that the Buryat are genetically close in allele frequencies to the Evenki and Inuits, but differ from them in the association of genotype APOE*4/E*3 with cholesterol levels

Genetic relationships of Asians and Northern Europeans, revealed by Y-chromosomal DNA analysis.

We have identified a new T-->C transition on the human Y chromosome. C-allele chromosomes have been found only in a subset of the populations from Asia and northern Europe and reach their highest frequencies in Yakut, Buryats, and Finns. Examination of the microsatellite haplotypes of the C-allele chromosomes suggests that the mutation occurred recently in Asia. The Y chromosome thus provides both information about population relationships in Asia and evidence for a substantial paternal genetic contribution of Asians to northern European populations such as the Finns

Ras triggers acidosis-induced activation of the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase pathway in cardiac myocytes

In cardiac myocytes, sustained (3 min) intracellular acidosis activates the ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2) pathway and, through this pathway, increases sarcolemmal NHE (Na(+)/H(+) exchanger) activity [Haworth, McCann, Snabaitis, Roberts and Avkiran (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278, 31676–31684]. In the present study, we aimed to determine the time-dependence, pH-dependence and upstream signalling mechanisms of acidosis-induced ERK1/2 activation in ARVM (adult rat ventricular myocytes). Cultured ARVM were subjected to intracellular acidosis for up to 20 min by exposure to NH(4)Cl, followed by washout with a bicarbonate-free Tyrode solution containing the NHE1 inhibitor cariporide. After the desired duration of intracellular acidosis, the phosphorylation status of ERK1/2 and its downstream effector p90(RSK) (90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase) were determined by Western blotting. This revealed a time-dependent transient phosphorylation of both ERK1/2 and p90(RSK) by intracellular acidosis (intracellular pH ∼6.6), with maximum activation occurring at 3 min and a return to basal levels by 20 min. When the degree of intracellular acidosis was varied from ∼6.8 to ∼6.5, maximum ERK1/2 phosphorylation was observed at an intracellular pH of 6.64. Inhibition of MEK1/2 [MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/ERK kinase 1/2) by pre-treatment of ARVM with U0126 or adenoviral expression of dominant-negative D208A-MEK1 protein prevented the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 by sustained intracellular acidosis, as did inhibition of Raf-1 with GW 5074 or ZM 336372. Interference with Ras signalling by the adenoviral expression of dominant-negative N17-Ras protein or with FPT III (farnesyl protein transferase inhibitor III) also prevented acidosis-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereas inhibiting G-protein signalling [by adenoviral expression of RGS4 or Lsc, the RGS domain of p115 RhoGEF (guanine nucleotide-exchange factor)] or protein kinase C (with bisindolylmaleimide I) had no effect. Our data show that, in ARVM, sustained intracellular acidosis activates ERK1/2 through proximal activation of the classical Ras/Raf/MEK pathway

A systematic review of trend studies of women seeking termination of pregnancy

This article reports a systematic review of trend studies (1995-2006) that answers five questions: What are the patterns of: (1) age of women seeking termination of pregnancy, (2) first ever pregnancy ending in a termination, (3) contraception usage at the time of conception, (4) contraception chosen immediately post-operatively and (5) referral sources to termination of pregnancy services? Background: Fertility patterns are changing and there is evidence to indicate that numbers of older women conceiving for the first time is increasing. At the same time there are new methods of contraception widely available. Little is known about the implications of these changes on termination patterns. Design An extensive electronic search of databases such as CINAHL, MEDLINE® In–Process (OVID) and was conducted from January 1995 - June 2006 for trend studies in pregnancy terminations. Methods: Articles chosen were based on trend studies greater than five years, contained primary quantitative research and official government statistical reports. Results: Results of the search showed age was unable to be compared due to the many variations in measurements and time periods, there was only limited research worldwide of trends in contraception at the time of conception in relation to a termination of pregnancy. Additionally, there were no studies worldwide in the past 11 years which specifically examined trends in the characteristics of the number of first ever pregnancies which ended in a termination, contraception choices post-operative of a termination of pregnancy, or referral source to a termination of pregnancy provider. Conclusion: Little is reported in the literature on trends in the five characteristics related to pregnancy termination. Relevance to clinical practice Evidence about the changing patterns of women seeking pregnancy termination is needed to inform policy and practice and to ensure that health promotion strategies are underpinned by accurate information that reflects the needs of the populations of women in relation to their reproductive health