Análisis de los errores: una valiosa fuente de información acerca del aprendizaje de las Matemáticas

Este trabajo se ocupa del estudio de los errores cometidos por los alumnos en el aprendizaje de las matemáticas.Presentamos algunos de los resultados obtenidos a partir de la implementacion de cuestionarios para su detección y posterior análisis. Se sugiere, además, una postura superadora con respecto al error

Identificación y análisis de los errores cometidos por los alumnos en Estadística Descriptiva

El error es posible en todo proceso de adquisición y consolidación de conocimientos. El conocimiento humano es falible, esto es: unida a la capacidad que tiene el ser humano de conocer, se halla siempre presente la posibilidad de que conceptos y procedimientos deficientemente desarrollados, y aún completamente equivocados, sean considerados como verdaderos. Es con Popper que el problema adquiere un notable protagonismo: este filósofo propone cambiar el interrogante de “¿cuál es la fuente última del conocimiento?” por el de “¿cómo podemos detectar y eliminar el error?”, y propone el racionalismo crítico como postura adecuada para explicar ⎯y asegurar⎯ el avance de la ciencia. El avance del conocimiento, afirma, consiste en la modificación del conocimiento anterior, a partir de someter a prueba las afirmaciones tenidas por verdaderas hasta el momento; la observación, el razonamiento y la intuición tienen, como función fundamental, contribuir al examen crítico de las conjeturas. Esta postura confiere al error el status de parte constituyente del proceso de adquisición del conocimiento: es intrínseco a nuestro modo de conocer, así como lo es la crítica permanente para detectarlo (Popper, 1979, citado por Rico, 1995)

Análisis de los errores: una valiosa fuente de información acerca del aprendizaje de las Matemáticas

Este trabajo se ocupa del estudio de los errores cometidos por los alumnos en el aprendizaje de las matemáticas. Presentamos algunos de los resultados obtenidos a partir de la implementación de cuestionarios para su detección y posterior análisis. Se sugiere, además, una postura superadora con respecto al tratamiento del error

Implantation failure in female Kiss1-/- mice is independent of their hypogonadic state and can be partially rescued by leukemia inhibitory factor.

The hypothalamic kisspeptin signaling system is a major positive regulator of the reproductive neuroendocrine axis, and loss of Kiss1 in the mouse results in infertility, a condition generally attributed to its hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. We demonstrate that in Kiss1(-/-) female mice, acute replacement of gonadotropins and estradiol restores ovulation, mating, and fertilization; however, these mice are still unable to achieve pregnancy because embryos fail to implant. Progesterone treatment did not overcome this defect. Kiss1(+/-) embryos transferred to a wild-type female mouse can successfully implant, demonstrating the defect is due to maternal factors. Kisspeptin and its receptor are expressed in the mouse uterus, and we suggest that it is the absence of uterine kisspeptin signaling that underlies the implantation failure. This absence, however, does not prevent the closure of the uterine implantation chamber, proper alignment of the embryo, and the ability of the uterus to undergo decidualization. Instead, the loss of Kiss1 expression specifically disrupts embryo attachment to the uterus. We observed that on the day of implantation, leukemia inhibitory factor (Lif), a cytokine that is absolutely required for implantation in mice, is weakly expressed in Kiss1(-/-) uterine glands and that the administration of exogenous Lif to hormone-primed Kiss1(-/-) female mice is sufficient to partially rescue implantation. Taken together, our study reveals that uterine kisspeptin signaling regulates glandular Lif levels, thereby identifying a novel and critical role for kisspeptin in regulating embryo implantation in the mouse. This study provides compelling reasons to explore this role in other species, particularly livestock and humans

Mutational analysis of TAC3 and TACR3 genes in patients with idiopathic central pubertal disorders

OBJETIVO: Investigar a presença de variantes nos genes TAC3 e TACR3, os quais codificam a NKB e seu receptor (NK3R), respectivamente, em uma coorte de pacientes com distúrbios puberais centrais idiopáticos. \ud SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Duzentos e trinta e sete pacientes foram estudados: 114 com puberdade precoce central (PPC), 73 com hipogonadismo hipogonadotrófico isolado normósmico (HHI) e 50 com retardo constitucional do crescimento e desenvolvimento (RCCD). O grupo controle consistiu de 150 indivíduos brasileiros que apresentaram desenvolvimento puberal normal. O DNA genômico foi extraído de sangue periférico, e as regiões codificadoras dos genes TAC3 e TACR3 foram amplificadas e sequenciadas automaticamente. \ud RESULTADOS: Uma variante (p.A63P) foi identificada na NKB, e quatro variantes, p.G18D, p.L58L (c.172C>T), p.W275X e p.A449S, foram identificadas no NK3R, as quais foram ausentes no grupo controle. A variante p.A63P foi identificada em uma menina com PPC, e a variante p.A449S, em uma menina com RCCD. As variantes previamente descritas, p.G18D, p.L58L e p.W275X, foram identificadas em três indivíduos com HHI normósmico do sexo masculino não relacionados. \ud CONCLUSÃO: Variantes raras nos genes TAC3 e TACR3 foram identificadas em pacientes com distúrbios puberais centrais idiopáticos. Mutações de perda de função no gene TACR3 foram associadas com o fenótipo de HHI normósmico. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(9):646-52Objective: To investigate the presence of variants in the TAC3 and TACR3 genes, which encode NKB and its receptor (NK3R), respectively, in a large cohort of patients with idiopathic central pubertal disorders. Subjects and methods: Two hundred and thirty seven patients were studied: 114 with central precocious puberty (CPP), 73 with normosmic isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH), and 50 with constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP). The control group consisted of 150 Brazilian individuals with normal pubertal development. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and the entire coding region of both TAC3 and TACR3 genes were amplified and automatically sequenced. Results: We identified one variant (p.A63P) in NKB and four variants, p.G18D, p.L58L (c.172C > T), p.W275* and p.A449S in NK3R, which were absent in the control group. The p.A63P variant was identified in a girl with CPP, and p.A449S in a girl with CDGP. The known p.G18D, p.L58L, and p.W275* variants were identified in three unrelated males with normosmic IHH. Conclusion: Rare variants in the TAC3 and TACR3 genes were identified in patients with central pubertal disorders. Loss-of-function variants of TACR3 were associated with the normosmic IHH phenotype. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012; 56(9):646-52FAPESPFapesp [05/04726]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) [302825/2011-8, 305743/2011-8]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH)Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (NIH) [U54 HD28138

Melanocortin-1 Receptor, Skin Cancer and Phenotypic Characteristics (M-SKIP) Project: Study Design and Methods for Pooling Results of Genetic Epidemiological Studies

Background: For complex diseases like cancer, pooled-analysis of individual data represents a powerful tool to investigate the joint contribution of genetic, phenotypic and environmental factors to the development of a disease. Pooled-analysis of epidemiological studies has many advantages over meta-analysis, and preliminary results may be obtained faster and with lower costs than with prospective consortia. Design and methods: Based on our experience with the study design of the Melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene, SKin cancer and Phenotypic characteristics (M-SKIP) project, we describe the most important steps in planning and conducting a pooled-analysis of genetic epidemiological studies. We then present the statistical analysis plan that we are going to apply, giving particular attention to methods of analysis recently proposed to account for between-study heterogeneity and to explore the joint contribution of genetic, phenotypic and environmental factors in the development of a disease. Within the M-SKIP project, data on 10,959 skin cancer cases and 14,785 controls from 31 international investigators were checked for quality and recoded for standardization. We first proposed to fit the aggregated data with random-effects logistic regression models. However, for the M-SKIP project, a two-stage analysis will be preferred to overcome the problem regarding the availability of different study covariates. The joint contribution of MC1R variants and phenotypic characteristics to skin cancer development will be studied via logic regression modeling. Discussion: Methodological guidelines to correctly design and conduct pooled-analyses are needed to facilitate application of such methods, thus providing a better summary of the actual findings on specific fields

Análisis de los errores: una valiosa fuente de información acerca del aprendizaje de las Matemáticas

Este trabajo se ocupa del estudio de los errores cometidos por los alumnos en el aprendizaje de las matemáticas. Presentamos algunos de los resultados obtenidos a partir de la implementación de cuestionarios para su detección y posterior análisis. Se sugiere, además, una postura superadora con respecto al tratamiento del error

Qualitative analysis of the integration effects and sense of belonging in the University: the case of ASEBio as the first organization of Bioengineering students

The present article aims to reflect on the integration mechanisms of the student of bioengineering to university life. It is based on the thesis that socialization has repercussions on the students' sense of belonging and identity in relation to the career; which, in turn, affect academic well-being and performance. From there, the “Asociación Sanjuanina de Estudiantes de Bioingeniería" (ASEBio) is investigated, seeking to obtain feedback on the impact produced since its creation and, from there, to question its progress. In addition, it is intended as a model initiative for other groups of students to consider the option of creating university student associations. Thus, the creation of groups as direct and privileged way for the participation of the students in the direction of the construction of their identity is presented. They become thus facilitators of the welfare of the actors of the institution.El presente artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre los mecanismos de integración del estudiante de bioingeniería a la vida universitaria. Se basa en la tesis de que la socialización tiene repercusiones en el sentido de pertenencia e identidad de los estudiantes en relación con la carrera; que, a su vez, afectan el bienestar académico y el rendimiento. A partir de allí, se investiga la “Asociación Sanjuanina de Estudiantes de Bioingeniería” (ASEBio), que busca obtener retroalimentación sobre el impacto producido desde su creación y, desde allí, cuestionar su avance. Además, pretende ser una iniciativa modelo para que otros grupos de estudiantes consideren la opción de crear asociaciones de estudiantes universitarios. Por lo tanto, se presenta la creación de grupos como forma directa y privilegiada para la participación de los estudiantes en la dirección de la construcción de su identidad. Se convierten así en facilitadores del bienestar de los actores de la institución.Fil: Neme, Claudia Alicia. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrónica y Automática. Gabinete de Tecnología Médica; ArgentinaFil: Seminara, Maria Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrónica y Automática. Gabinete de Tecnología Médica; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez Schmadke, Rodolfo Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrónica y Automática. Gabinete de Tecnología Médica; ArgentinaFil: Castro, Iván Jesús. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Departamento de Electrónica y Automática. Gabinete de Tecnología Médica; Argentin

A rare cause of full-house membranous glomerulopathy in an infant: Answers

Case report-Clinical QuizA 4-month-old girl presented macroscopic hematuria and positive COVID-19 (IgG positive and IgM negative). On admission, laboratory investigations demonstrated urea and serum creatinine values of 21 mg/dl and 0.65 mg/dl, respectively. The direct Coombs test was negative. The urinalysis showed the following: hematuria, 50 RBCs/high power feld, pyuria, hemoglobin (+++), and proteinuria (122 mg/m2/day). Her kidney ultrasonography was normal, but an abdominal ultrasonography revealed mild hepatomegaly and splenomegaly.A kidney biopsy (Fig. 1) was performed and demonstrated mild mesangial expansion of 10 glomeruli and normal basement membrane thickness. Immunofuorescence studies showed glomerular staining simultaneously positive for IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, and C1q. At the ultrastructural level, subpodocyte and mesangial electron dense deposits were observed. A difuse efacement of the podocyte foot processes was observed.Questions1. What further tests should be done to confrm the diagnosis?2. Which is the most likely anatomopathological diagnosis? What are the pathological diferential diagnoses? What about the full-house pattern?3. What could be the etiology of glomerulopathy? How should this clinical condition be treated?Fil: Faure, Erica Elizabeth. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Microscopía Electrónica; ArgentinaFil: Noriega, Leonela Ivette. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Microscopía Electrónica; ArgentinaFil: Seminara, Claudia. Gobierno de la Provincia de Córdoba. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital de Niños de la Santísima Trinidad; ArgentinaFil: Carranza, Gisella. Gobierno de la Provincia de Córdoba. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital de Niños de la Santísima Trinidad; ArgentinaFil: Herrero, Monica Viviana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Mukdsi, Jorge Humberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Microscopía Electrónica; Argentin