Innovation in Supply Chain Management and Its Financing as a Factor of Economic Growth

Abstract- Innovation in supply chain is becoming an increasingly significant factor in the socio-economic development of national economies these days. Continuous innovation plays a crucial role in increasing the competitiveness of social production, profits made by economic entities, economic growth, and, consequently, the national economy. Innovative development cannot occur without the presence of effective mechanisms for financing innovation. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of innovation and its financing on the economic growth of the Republic of Mordovia – one of the federal subjects of the Russian Federation. The authors conducted a correlation and regression analysis to determine the influence of factors related to innovative development on the volume of the Gross Regional Product (GRP). This method allows identifying key factors influencing the rate of economic growth in the region, as well as to build a forecast of the future GRP. Empirical results indicate that the GRP of the Republic of Mordovia is greatly influenced by the financing of research and development (R & D). The resulting regression equation indicates that the 92% change in the GRP is due to the R & D expenditures, and 8% – the influence of other factors. It was also found that the increase in domestic R & D costs by 1 million rubles results in an increase in the GRP by an average of 200 million rubles. The results indicate that it is necessary to increase R& D financing, provided that its growth is balanced at different stages of innovation

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Синдром обструктивного апноэ сна: ассоциация уровня сывороточного мелатонина, повышенной дневной сонливости и интермиттирующей ночной гипоксемии

The relevance of studies related to the features of respiratory disorders during sleep is undeniable due to the steady growth of the worldwide prevalence of apnea syndrome, which leads to a decrease in quality of life, the risk of early cardiovascular diseases together with cerebrovascular, endocrine, and pulmonary disorders.The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the morning serum melatonin, blood oxygen saturation (SрO2), and increased daytime sleepiness in patients with SOAS, as well as to assess changes in the production of endogenous melatonin after eliminating clinical manifestations of nocturnal hypoxemia, through a 3-month course of non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. The study enrolled 30 male patients who came to the Federal State Public Scientific Institution “Scientific Centre of Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems” because of snoring, sleep apnea, and increased daytime sleepiness.Methods. Polysomnography, questionnaire, HPLC-MS/MS analysis of serum melatonin levels, CPAP-therapy for the respiratory support at home for 3 months, monitoring of the sleep scores, serum melatonin, and daytime sleepiness after the treatment.Results. A comparative assessment of the sleep scores before and after the respiratory support for 3 months revealed a significant improvement in sleep structure, elimination of the apnea episodes, and restoration of blood SрO2 after the therapy. Analysis of the serum melatonin vales confirmed a statistically significant increase of melatonin level against baseline in patients with SOAS after the treatment. A correlation analysis showed a relationship between the melatonin level, daytime sleepiness, and blood SрO2.Conclusion. The results of this study and the data of other researchers demonstrate that the elimination of intermittent nocturnal hypoxia in patients with SOAS allows reducing the morning serum melatonin level, thereby reducing the daytime sleepiness and subsequently improving the quality of life.Актуальность исследований, связанных с особенностями нарушений дыхания во время сна, неоспорима в связи с неуклонным ростом числа случаев синдрома обструктивного апноэ сна (СОАС) в мире, который приводит к снижению качества жизни, риску раннего формирования сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний с развитием цереброваскулярных, эндокринных и бронхолегочных нарушений.Целью исследования явилось определение взаимосвязи утреннего сывороточного мелатонина (СМ), уровня насыщения артериальной крови кислородом (SрO2) во время сна и повышенной дневной сонливости у пациентов с СОАС, а также оценка изменений продукции эндогенного мелатонина после устранения ночной гипоксемии посредством 3-месячного курса респираторной поддержки во время сна в режиме неинвазивной вентиляции легких с постоянным положительным давлением в дыхательных путях (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure — СРАР).Материалы и методы. В исследовании принимали участие пациенты (n = 30) мужского пола, обратившиеся в Иркутский сомнологический центр Федерального государственного бюджетного научного учреждения «Научный центр проблем здоровья семьи и репродукции человека» с жалобами на храп, остановку дыхания во время сна, повышенную дневную сонливость. Проводились полисомнографическое исследование, анкетирование, исследование СМ с помощью высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии, респираторная поддержка во время сна в домашних условиях посредством СРАР в течение 3 мес., контроль показателей сна, СМ и оценка дневной сонливости после лечения.Результаты. При проведении сравнительной оценки показателей сна до и после респираторной поддержки во время сна в течение 3 мес. значительно улучшилась структура сна, прекратились эпизоды апноэ и восстановился уровень SрO2 на фоне терапии. При сравнении полученных результатов показателей СМ выявлено статистически достоверное увеличение уровня СМ у пациентов с СОАС в сравнении результатами после лечения По результатам корреляционного анализа выявлена взаимосвязь между уровнем СМ, дневной сонливостью и SрO2.Заключение. На основании полученных результатов и данных других исследований сделано заключение о том, что при устранении ночной интермиттирующей гипоксемии у пациентов с СОАС уменьшаются уровень утреннего СМ и дневная сонливость с последующим улучшением качества жизни

Mental health responses to COVID-19 around the world

Background: The mental health impact of the COVID-19 crisis may differ from previously studied stressful events in terms of psychological reactions, specific risk factors, and symptom severity across geographic regions worldwide.Objective: To assess the impact of COVID-19 on a wide range of mental health symptoms, to identify relevant risk factors, to identify the effect of COVID-19 country impact on mental health, and to evaluate regional differences in psychological responses to COVID-19 compared to other stressful events.Method: 7034 respondents (74% female) participated in the worldwide Global Psychotrauma Screen – Cross-Cultural responses to COVID-19 study (GPS-CCC), reporting on mental health symptoms related to COVID-19 (n = 1838) or other stressful events (n = 5196) from April to November 2020.Results: Events related to COVID-19 were associated with more mental health symptoms compared to other stressful events, especially symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and dissociation. Lack of social support, psychiatric history, childhood trauma, additional stressful events in the past month, and low resilience predicted more mental health problems for COVID-19 and other stressful events. Higher COVID-19 country impact was associated with increased mental health impact of both COVID-19 and other stressful events. Analysis of differences across geographic regions revealed that in Latin America more mental health symptoms were reported for COVID-19 related events versus other stressful events, while the opposite pattern was seen in North America.Conclusions: The mental health impact of COVID-19-related stressors covers a wide range of symptoms and is more severe than that of other stressful events. This difference was especially apparent in Latin America. The findings underscore the need for global screening for a wide range of mental health problems as part of a public health approach, allowing for targeted prevention and intervention programs.publishedVersio

Mental health responses to COVID-19 around the world

Background: The mental health impact of the COVID-19 crisis may differ from previously studied stressful events in terms of psychological reactions, specific risk factors, and symptom severity across geographic regions worldwide.Objective: To assess the impact of COVID-19 on a wide range of mental health symptoms, to identify relevant risk factors, to identify the effect of COVID-19 country impact on mental health, and to evaluate regional differences in psychological responses to COVID-19 compared to other stressful events.Method: 7034 respondents (74% female) participated in the worldwide Global Psychotrauma Screen – Cross-Cultural responses to COVID-19 study (GPS-CCC), reporting on mental health symptoms related to COVID-19 (n = 1838) or other stressful events (n = 5196) from April to November 2020.Results: Events related to COVID-19 were associated with more mental health symptoms compared to other stressful events, especially symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and dissociation. Lack of social support, psychiatric history, childhood trauma, additional stressful events in the past month, and low resilience predicted more mental health problems for COVID-19 and other stressful events. Higher COVID-19 country impact was associated with increased mental health impact of both COVID-19 and other stressful events. Analysis of differences across geographic regions revealed that in Latin America more mental health symptoms were reported for COVID-19 related events versus other stressful events, while the opposite pattern was seen in North America.Conclusions: The mental health impact of COVID-19-related stressors covers a wide range of symptoms and is more severe than that of other stressful events. This difference was especially apparent in Latin America. The findings underscore the need for global screening for a wide range of mental health problems as part of a public health approach, allowing for targeted prevention and intervention programs