Immunogenetic Status of Children with Mild Iodine Deficiency, Latent Iron Deficiency and Their Combination

Due to the prevalence of microelementosis (including iodine and iron deficiencies), cytogenetic abnormalities in children with microelement imbalance were studied.The objective of the research was to assess the abnormalities in the immunogenetic status of the organism by the frequency and spectrum of chromosomal aberrations, associations of acrocentric chromosomes and to determine the frequency of micronuclei in peripheral blood leukocytes in children with mild iodine deficiency, latent iron deficiency and their combination.Materials and methods. There were examined 68 boys and 65 girls at the age of 6 to 18 years. In the analysis of indicators, the main attention was paid to the age- (6-11 and 12-18 years) and gender-related peculiarities.Results and discussion. In all the children, associations of acrocentric chromosomes of two chromosomes were most commonly observed: in the control group, this indicator was 73.74%; in iodine deficiency, it was 67.72%; in iron deficiency, it was 67.68%; in combined microelementosis, the indictor was 68.68%. Chromosomal abnormalities were recorded in 56.03% of children. However, in the control group, this indicator was 40.94%, while in microelement imbalance, it was 71.13%. The most significant changes in the spectrum of chromosomal aberrations were identified in iodine and iron deficiencies (increase in the frequency of paired fragments, dicentrics, translocations, and the presence of a ring chromosome).Conclusions. Changes in the frequency and characteristics of the number of chromosomes in associations of acrocentric chromosomes, the frequency and spectrum of chromosomal aberrations, and the number of micronuclei indicated genotype instability, especially in iodine deficiency and combined microelement imbalance

Обґрунтування складу пастилок на основі оцінки органолептичних показників

Topicality. Such dosage form as troches become increasingly popular in recent years. The undoubted advantages of this from are easiness of administration, compatibility with many medicinal substances and compliance from patients. Since one of the main characteristics of troches is proper organoleptic properties, the aim of this work was to establish the optimal composition and technology of troches based on an assessment of the organoleptic characteristics of samples of troches with different flavoring agents and fruit flavors.Materials and methods. The analysis of taste indicators was studied according to the method of A. I. Tentsova and I. A. Yegorov. Firstly, the taste of troches with such sweeteners as glucose syrup, sugar, fructose and sorbitol were evaluated. Then samples of troches with barberry, duchesse, lemon, and orange flavours were studied. The survey was conducted among 35 respondents.Results and discussion. Organoleptic assessment of flavors according to I. A. Yegorov showed that troches with selected flavoring agents have taste formulas K2O3, O3K3, G2K3, K2O2. Taste characteristics of fruit flavors have indicators 3-4, 4-4, 2-4 and 1-5.Conclusions. Based on the results obtained, it was found that troches with glucose syrup and fructose as sweeteners have the best taste indices. Also, the respondents liked the samples with orange and lemon flavours the most.Актуальность. В последние годы пастилки как лекарственная форма становятся все популярнее. Несомненными преимуществами ее является легкость применения, совместимость со многими лекарственными веществами и комплайенс со стороны пациентов. Поскольку одной из основных характеристик пастилок являются надлежащие органолептические свойства, целью данной работы было установление оптимального состава и технологии пастилок на основе оценки органолептических показателей образцов пастилок с различными корригентами вкуса и фруктовыми ароматизаторами.Материалы и методы. Анализ вкусовых показателей изучали по методике А. И. Тенцовой и И. А. Егорова. Сначала проводили оценку вкуса пастилок с такими корригентами как сироп глюкозы, сахара, фруктоза и сорбит, после чего изучали ароматизаторы барбарис, дюшес, лимон и апельсин. Анкетирование проводилось среди 35 респондентов.Результаты и их обсуждение. Органолептическая оценка ароматизаторов по И. А. Егорову показала, что пастилки с выбранными коригентами имеют вкусовые формулы К2О3, О3К3, Г2К3, К2О2. Вкусовые характеристики фруктовых ароматизаторов имеют показатели 3-4, 4-4, 2-4 и 1-5.Выводы. На основе полученных результатов установлено, что наилучшие вкусовые показатели имеют пастилки с сиропом глюкозы и фруктозы в качестве корригента вкуса. Также респондентам больше всего понравились образцы с ароматизаторами апельсина и лимона.Актуальність. Останніми роками пастилки як лікарська форма стають все більш популярними. Безперечними перевагами її є легкість застосування, сумісність з багатьма лікарськими речовинами та комплайєнс з боку пацієнтів. Оскільки однією з основних характеристик пастилок є належні органолептичні властивості, метою даної роботи було встановлення оптимального складу та технології пастилок на основі оцінки органолептичних показників зразків пастилок з різними коригентами смаку та фруктовими ароматизаторами.Матеріали та методи. Аналіз смакових показників вивчали за методикою А. І. Тенцової та І. А. Єгорова. Спочатку проводили оцінку смаку пастилок з такими коригентами як сироп глюкози, цукор, фруктоза та сорбіт, після чого вивчали ароматизатори барбарис, дюшес, лимон та апельсин. Анкетування проводили серед 35 респондентів.Результати та їх обговорення. Органолептична оцінка ароматизаторів за І. А. Єгоровим показала, що пастилки з обраними коригентами мають смакові формули К2О3, О3К3, Г2К3, К2О2. Смакові характеристики фруктових ароматизаторів мають показники 3-4, 4-4, 2-4 та 1-5.Висновки. На основі експериментальних даних встановлено, що найбільш прийнятними за споживчими характеристиками є такі підсолоджувачі, як сироп глюкози або фруктоза, ароматизатор – апельсин і лимон.

Some Structural and Chemical Changes in Endocardial Endothelium of Rats in Emotional and Pain Stress Complicated by Hypercholesterolemia

The objective of the research was to study the content of some neutral lipids of endocardial endothelium in rats in relation to structural changes occurring in it, in the co-existence of emotional and pain stress, as well as alimentary hypercholesterolemia. Materials and methods. The electric-impulse model was used for stress modeling. Alimentary hypercholesterolemia was modeled feeding animals an atherogenic diet. The concentration of triacylglycerols, free and esterified cholesterol were examined using the method of thin-layer chromatography performed on silica gel. The concentration of free fatty acids was determined using the radiochemical method. The state of endocardial endothelium was studied with the help of light microscopy; the impression smears obtained from macro preparations of ventricle were analyzed.Results. In co-existence of stress and hypercholesterolemia, significant increase in free cholesterol as well as free fatty acid concentration was noticed. This essentially exceeded the analogical indices under the action of stress only. Structural changes in the endocardium followed by desquamation of separate endotheliocytes were the result of stress reaction. In the action of both pathogenic factors, this process was intensified; layer-by-layer exfoliation of endotheliocytes was observed. Conclusions. In acute emotional and pain stress, changes in lipid spectrum of membrane structures of endocardial endotheliocytes the main manifestation of which is the accumulation of free cholesterol in cells and increase in the levels of free fatty acids take place. The increase in the number of desquamated endothelial cells is the result of stress action as well. Alimentary hypercholesterolemia significantly increases such pathological changes. 

Dynamics and social and epidemiological features spread HIV - infection in the Chelyabinsk region

The results of the study the prevalence and dynamics of infections caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), in the Chelyabinsk region. Analysis of the epidemic situation showed that the incidence and prevalence rates of the population of the Chelyabinsk region of HIV-infection is significantly higher than the average for the Russian Federation, and is not likely territories observed a generalization of the epidemic. In recent years, there was a trend to an increase in registered cases of HIV - infection in the age group older than 30 years, growth in the number of HIV - infected patients with asymptomatic and latent stage of the disease and those who have HIV - the infection is detected for the first time on the stage of secondary diseases.Представлены результаты исследования распространенности и динамики инфекции, вызванной вирусом иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ), в Челябинской области. Анализ эпидситуации показал, что уровни заболеваемости и пораженности населения Челябинской области ВИЧ - инфекцией значительно выше, чем в среднем по Российской Федерации, а вряде территорий наблюдается генерализация эпидемии. В последние годы отмечена тенденция к увеличению регистрации случаев ВИЧ - инфицирования в возрастной группе старше 30 лет, рост числа ВИЧ - инфицированных с бессимптомной и латентной стадией заболевания и лиц, у которых ВИЧ - инфекция впервые выявляется на стадиях вторичных заболеваний

Social hygienic characteristics and sexual behaviour persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus

The results of the study In HIV-infected patients in outpatient and inpatient treatment. The proportion of people in older age groups was 58.1 %. Dominated by women, and, most, their share was at the age of 19-29 years. More than half of women surveyed the main culprit of HIV - infection was considered her husband. Sex, age and marital status are the most significant risk factors for infection with HIV - infection. More than half of HIV - positive respondents work or study, that is, have a certain occupation and socially adapted. HIV - infection is spread mostly among working specialties. The first sexual debut in the majority of patients surveyed noted before the age of 16 years. Every third respondent had more than one sexual partner. After information about the infection of more than 10.0% of respondents noted a sense of aggression. Probably, this fact may be associated willful violations of medical treatment and infection of new partners during sexual intercourse.Представлены результаты исследования ВИЧ инфицированных пациентов, находящихся на амбулаторном и стационарном лечении. Доля лиц старших возрастных групп составила 58,1%. Преобладали женщины, причем, наибольший удельный вес их был в возрасте 19-29 лет. Более половины опрошенных женщин основным виновником заражения ВИЧ - инфекцией считали мужа. Пол, возраст и семейное положение являются наиболее значимыми факторами риска заражения ВИЧ - инфекцией. Более половины ВИЧ - инфицированных респондентов работают или учатся, то есть имеют определенное занятие и социально адаптированы. ВИЧ - инфекция распространена в большей степени среди лиц рабочих специальностей. Первый сексуальный дебют у большинства опрошенных пациентов отмечен в возрасте до 16 лет. Каждый третий респондент имел несколько половых партнеров. После информации о заражении более 10,0% опрошенных отметили, чувство агрессии. Вероятно, с этим может быть связан факт умышленного нарушения лечебного режима и заражения новых партнеров при половых контактах

Oxidation-resistant nano-reinforced PC-refractories of modified phenol formaldehyde resin. Part 3. Formation mechanism of organic-inorganic complexes during low-temperature synthesis of nanoparticles of additional antioxidants and their effectiveness

SiC nanoparticles that could be used as an antioxidant for periclase-carbon (PC) refractories were synthesized from the organic—inorganic complex (‒СН₃)‒(SiO₂)n that formed during heating of silicon alkoxide and thermal destruction of its gels. Use of phenolformaldehyde resins modified with silicon alkoxide and its sols was proposed and enabled the formation of an organic—inorganic complex (-СН₃)‒(SiO₂)n‒С with a high C content. This increased the yield of SiC synthesized in the carbon binder. The addition of Ni precursors (additional antioxidant) formed an even more complicated organic—inorganic complex. Use of the complex (‒СН₃)‒(SiO₂)n‒Ni(NiO)‒С together with Al improved the operating characteristics of the PC refractories. It was found that their resistance to oxidation was increased after the complex antioxidant Al + SiC + Ni(NiO) formed

Oxidation resistance of nano-reinforced PC-refractories modified with phenol formaldehyde resin. Part 4. Thermodynamic evaluation of phase formation within Mg–O–C–Al, Mg–O–C–Ni and МgO‒Al₂O₃‒NiO‒SiO₂ systems using SiC + Al + Ni (NiO) complex antioxidant

Results are given for the synthesis and co-existence of phases formed from components of complex organic- inorganic antioxidant formed during modification of phenol-formaldehyde resin (PFR) and graphite with silica alkoxide and inorganic or organic nickel precursors. Thermodynamic analysis is given for the Mg–Al–C and Mg–O–Ni–C systems. It is shown that the periclase and carbon can coexist with aluminum and nickel, and also that oxidized antioxidants Al₂O₃ and NiO can interact respectively with the periclase and with the synthesized SiC formed during modification of PFR with silica. In considering the NiO‒MgO‒Al₂O₃‒SiO₂ system it is established that during service noble spinel will be synthesized from the complex antioxidant components, facilitating an increase in PC-refractory durability in service

ULTRASTRUCTURAL RESEARCH OF THE ENDOMETRIUM RECEPTIVITY IN CONDITIONS OF PRE-CONCEPTIONAL PREPARATION IN REFRACTORY PREGNANCY LOSS

Background. Refractory pregnancy loss (RPL) is a multifactoral pathology in women of reproductive age which treatment represents great difficulties. Great role in RPL pathogenesis is stipulated by chronic endometritis resulting from disturbances of implantation followed by gestational sac malfunction, which is not less significant than progesterone deficiency.Objective. The aim of research was to study the dynamics of ultrastructural changes of endometric epithelial cells in the conditions of pre-conception preparation in refractory pregnancy loss.Methods. 63 samples of endometrium bioptates obtained from female patients of reproductive age with insufficient middle luteal phase of the cycle were studied. Light and electronic microscopy was used to study the morphological changes in endometric epithelial cells.Results. Pre-conceptional cyclic hormone therapy (1 mg 17-estradiol and 20 mg of didrogesteron) in comparison with monotherapy of 20 mg of didrogesteron during 3 months contributed to intracellular regeneration and restoration of secretor phenotype of endometrium epithelial cells corresponding to the status of receptivity with “opened window of implantation”.Conclusions. Cyclic hormonotherapy in combination with complex metabolic therapy as a pre-conceptional preparation contributing to pregnancy illustrates much higher effectiveness of pathogenetically proved preconceptional hormonotherapyKEY WORDS: refractory pregnancy loss, endometrium receptivity, hormone therapy, ultrastructure

TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives