Defining Meyer's loop-temporal lobe resections, visual field deficits and diffusion tensor tractography

Anterior temporal lobe resection is often complicated by superior quadrantic visual field deficits (VFDs). In some cases this can be severe enough to prohibit driving, even if a patient is free of seizures. These deficits are caused by damage to Meyer's loop of the optic radiation, which shows considerable heterogeneity in its anterior extent. This structure cannot be distinguished using clinical magnetic resonance imaging sequences. Diffusion tensor tractography is an advanced magnetic resonance imaging technique that enables the parcellation of white matter. Using seed voxels antero-lateral to the lateral geniculate nucleus, we applied this technique to 20 control subjects, and 21 postoperative patients. All patients had visual fields assessed with Goldmann perimetry at least three months after surgery. We measured the distance from the tip of Meyer's loop to the temporal pole and horn in all subjects. In addition, we measured the size of temporal lobe resection using postoperative T1-weighted images, and quantified VFDs. Nine patients suffered VFDs ranging from 22% to 87% of the contralateral superior quadrant. In patients, the range of distance from the tip of Meyer's loop to the temporal pole was 24–43 mm (mean 34 mm), and the range of distance from the tip of Meyer's loop to the temporal horn was –15 to +9 mm (mean 0 mm). In controls the range of distance from the tip of Meyer's loop to the temporal pole was 24–47 mm (mean 35 mm), and the range of distance from the tip of Meyer's loop to the temporal horn was –11 to +9 mm (mean 0 mm). Both quantitative and qualitative results were in accord with recent dissections of cadaveric brains, and analysis of postoperative VFDs and resection volumes. By applying a linear regression analysis we showed that both distance from the tip of Meyer's loop to the temporal pole and the size of resection were significant predictors of the postoperative VFDs. We conclude that there is considerable variation in the anterior extent of Meyer's loop. In view of this, diffusion tensor tractography of the optic radiation is a potentially useful method to assess an individual patient's risk of postoperative VFDs following anterior temporal lobe resection

Brain metabolic abnormalities during gait with freezing in Parkinson’s disease

International audienc

Decolonizing Female Archetypes: Creating an Oppositional Consciousness in Contemporary Chicana and Iraqi Women’s Fiction

In dominant imperialist discourses, women, such as Iraqi women and Chicanas, have been marginalized in political, social and economic structures and have been manipulated to maintain imperialist exploitation and processes. They have been frozen within certain archetypal configurations. Iraqi women have been misrepresented as victims of their culture and traditions, and Chicanas have been represented in derogatory terms or excluded from mainstream hierarchies of representation. This study examines some counternarratives and oppositional subjectivities/ consciousnesses provided by Iraqi and Chicana women writers through their utilization of the legacy of a number of fictional and historical female figures. The primary texts analyzed in this study are Tashari (Dispersed) (2013) by Ina’am Kachachi, Al-ʿyūn al Sūd (The Black Eyes) (2002) by Maysalun Hadi, “Shahrazad and Her Narrator” (1999) by Lutfiyya al-Dulaimi, So Far from God (1993) by Ana Castillo, and “Never Marry a Mexican” (1991) by Sandra Cisneros. The innovative use of female archetypes in these works both enriches the literary heritage and represents new subjectivities for Arab/Iraqi and Chicana women. The female cultural figures analyzed in this project are al-Khansa, Shahrazad, Zarqa al-Yamama, La Llorona, the curandera, and La Malinche. Each writer brings attention to positive aspects of these figures, focusing on their legacy as active subjects, discourse transmitters/creators, and protectors. This dissertation examines how female archetypes are reclaimed/ re-presented in Chicana and Iraqi literature to reflect new anti-patriarchal and anti-imperialist subjectivities available to women while maintaining the rich cultural heritage of these figures in their respective cultural traditions. This reclamation/ re-presentation provides oppositional subjectivities that reveal Iraqi and Chicana women’s day-to day experiences and ways of resistance and survival at times of loss, marginalization, and identity erasure/distortion

Quantitative analysis by renormalized entropy of invasive electroencephalograph recordings in focal epilepsy

Invasive electroencephalograph (EEG) recordings of ten patients suffering from focal epilepsy were analyzed using the method of renormalized entropy. Introduced as a complexity measure for the different regimes of a dynamical system, the feature was tested here for its spatio-temporal behavior in epileptic seizures. In all patients a decrease of renormalized entropy within the ictal phase of seizure was found. Furthermore, the strength of this decrease is monotonically related to the distance of the recording location to the focus. The results suggest that the method of renormalized entropy is a useful procedure for clinical applications like seizure detection and localization of epileptic foci.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

KESENIAN BEJAMU SAMAN SEBAGAI SIMBOL PERSAHABATAN ANTAR KAMPUNG KECAMATAN PUTRI BETUNG KABUPATEN GAYO LUES

Bejamu Saman adalah sebuah acara kesenian masyarakat Gayo Lues, bejamu saman ini dilakukan dengan cara mengundang masyarakat kampung lain agar datang untuk sama-sama menampilkan tarian saman secara bergantian, namun dalam pelaksanaannya kedua kampung ini akan mempertunjukkan kehebatannya dalam memainkan saman secara bergantian. Tujuan diadakan acara bejamu saman dari dulu hingga kini adalah sebagai pemerkuat ikatan tali silaturrahmi antara sesama serinen saman, ikatan yang terjalin di acara bejamu saman bisa terjalin sangat kuat, ikatan bejamu saman tidak hanya terjadi diantara sesama serinen bejamu saman saja akan tetapi ikatan tersebut bisa berlangsung atau turun temurun kepada keluarga dari kedua serinen saman ini bahkan ke anak-anak mereka. Hal ini yang menyebabkan acara bejamu saman terus dilaksanakan di kampung-kampung di Kabupaten Gayo Lues hingga saat ini

Impact du diabète de type 1 et des niveaux élevés d'hémoglobine glyquée sur l'oxygénation musculaire et cérébrale à l'exercice : répercutions sur l'aptitude physique aérobie

This study sought to investigate whether type 1 diabetes and high levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) influence oxygen supply including alveolar capillary diffusion, oxygen delivery and release, to active muscle and prefrontal cortex during maximal exercise. We first studied the effect of high level of HbA1c on oxyhemoglobin dissociation at the active muscle measured by Near Infra-Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) during maximal exercise. We found that alveolar capillary diffusion and arterial oxygen content was comparable between patients with type 1 diabetes and healthy subjects. However, patients with inadequate glycemic control but without any clinically detectable vascular complications displayed an impaired aerobic capacity as well as a reduction in blood volume and a dramatic impairment in deoxyhemoglobin (HHb) increase in active skeletal muscle during intense exercise. The latter supports the hypotheses of an increase in O2 affinity induced by hemoglobin glycation and/or of a disturbed balance between nutritive and nonnutritive muscle blood flow. Furthermore, reduced exercise muscle blood volume in poorly controlled patients may warn clinicians of microvascular dysfunction occurring even before overt microangiopathy (Study 1). Secondly, we aimed at investigating prefrontal cortex hemodynamic during an incremental maximal exercise in patients with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes, taking into account chronic glycemic control. We observed that levels and changes in regional cerebral blood volume – as reflected by change in total hemoglobin – were lower at high intensities of exercise in patients with inadequate glycemic control (Study 2).In summary, the physiological stimulus of maximal exercise coupled with NIRS measurement highlighted subclinical disorders of both cerebral hemodynamic and muscle oxygenation in poorly-controlled patients with type 1 diabetes albeit free from any clinical microangiopathy.L’objectif général de ce travail était d’évaluer l’effet du diabète de Type 1 et de l’hyperglycémie chronique (reflétée par un niveau élevé d’HbA1c), chez des patients indemnes de complications micro et macrovasculaires, sur la disponibilité en oxygène (O2) au niveau musculaire et cortical et ses répercussions sur l’aptitude physique aérobie. Dans un premier temps, nous nous sommes attardés à étudier l’effet du diabète et des niveaux élevés d’HbA1c sur les différentes étapes de la cascade d’oxygène (à savoir la diffusion alvéolo-capillaire, le transport artériel et la libération de l’O2 au niveau musculaire) ainsi que sur l’oxygénation musculaire estimée par la Spectroscopie dans le proche Infra-Rouge (NIRS) durant un exercice incrémental et voir les répercussions possibles sur la consommation maximale d’oxygène (〖V ̇O〗_2max). Nous avons montré que les patients DT1 présentent une capacité de diffusion alvéolo-capillaire ainsi qu’une capacité de transport artériel d’O2 comparable aux sujets sains. En revanche, les patients ayant un niveau élevé d’HbA1c présentent une altération de 〖V ̇O〗_2max ainsi qu’une réduction du volume sanguin musculaire (reflétée par une baisse de l’hémoglobine totale) et une nette baisse de la déoxyhémoglobine (HHb) au niveau du muscle actif aux intensités proches de l’exercice maximal. Ce dernier résultat pourrait s’expliquer par l’affinité plus importante de HbA1c pour l’O2 et/ou une altération de la redistribution de débit sanguin entre les vaisseaux nutritifs et non nutritifs. L’altération du volume sanguin au niveau musculaire chez les patients présentant un mauvais contrôle glycémique peut prévenir les cliniciens du dysfonctionnement de la microcirculation survenant avant même qu’une microangiopathie se manifeste à l’état clinique (Étude 1). Dans un second temps, nous nous sommes intéressés à la fonction cérébrale. Notre objectif étant d’évaluer l’hémodynamique cérébrale durant un exercice incrémental maximal. Nous avons trouvé une altération de l’hémodynamique cérébrale (baisse de l’hémoglobine totale) aux intensités proches de l’exercice maximal chez les patients DT1 qui présentent un mauvais contrôle glycémique (Étude 2). Ces deux travaux nous montrent bien que les sujets diabétiques de type 1 indemnes des complications micro et/ou marcovasculaires présentent une faible aptitude physique aérobie qui peut s’expliquer à la fois par une altération de l’oxygénation musculaire et cérébrale. Ces études mettent également en évidence l’intérêt d’associer la NIRS avec un exercice maximal. Ce dernier place les tissus en situation de besoin maximal en O2 ce qui permet de mettre en exergue des altérations fonctionnelles de la microcirculation avant même l’apparition de complications microvasculaires détectables par les tests cliniques habituels

ALEVİLİĞİN MEDYAYA YANSIMASI ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Türkiye’de medya ve Alevilik ilişkisi, Aleviliğin tarihsel olarak nasıl algılandığı vetopluma nasıl yansıtıldığıyla yakından ilişkilidir. Aynı zamanda medyanın Aleviliği nasılele aldığı konusu, hem Türkiye’nin sosyo-politik yapısı hem de medyanın tarihsel rolü iledoğrudan bağlantılıdır. Türkiye’de Alevilik, siyasi ve toplumsal boyutta gerçek yapısınındışında bir inanç topluluğu olarak algılanmıştır. Bu durum medyanın da Aleviliği nasıl elealdığına yansımıştır. Osmanlı döneminde Alevilik gerçek anlamıyla algılanmamış ve devletile tezatlık oluşturan bir yapı olarak görülmüştür. Bu durum Cumhuriyet dönemine kadaruzanan bir süreci kapsar. 1950’lerden itibaren medyada Alevilik konusuna daha fazla yerverilse de çoğu zaman Alevilik belli bir siyasi çerçeve içerisinde değerlendirilmiştir. Özellikle20. yüzyılın ilk yarısında medyanın, Alevileri ya görünmez kıldığı ya da yanlış ve eksikbilgilerle temsil ettiği gözlemlenmiştir. 1980 itibariyle medya hareketlerinde Alevilik kendiniifade etmeye başlamıştır. 1980 darbesi sonrası dönemde medya, Alevileri çoğunlukla “öteki”olarak konumlandırmış ve Alevilere yönelik önyargıları pekiştirmiştir. Alevilikle ilgili medyahareketlerinde genellikle Aleviliğin dinî boyutu yerine siyasi bir hareket olarak algılanmasısağlanmıştır. Alevi kimliği, genellikle sol eğilimli politik hareketlerle özdeşleştirilmiş ve buda medyada Alevilere yönelik daha çok siyasi bir bakış açısının yer almasına neden olmuştur.Bu çalışmada Alevilik ve medya ilişkisi; Aleviliğin televizyon, gazete, sosyal medya, belgesel,film gibi medyada temsili üzerinde genel bir çerçeve oluşturularak medyanın Alevi toplumunaetkisi ve gelecek perspektifleri incelenmiştir

Industri Paleolitik Pada Endapan Alluvial Kali Maron (Pacitan, Jawa Timur) Berdasarkan Analisis Retus

Kali Maron merupakan situs arkeologi yang temuannya sudah tidak insitu, karena analisis sedimentologi telah membuktikan bahwa artefak litiknya merupakan basil endapan sungai. Keletakan kali Maron yang sangat dekat dengan laut (hilir), tidak memungkinkan terdapat geomorfologi teras yang jelas : artefak litik ditemukan pada dasar sungai. Akan tetapi, banyaknya kandungan artefak pada endapannya (7, 7 % dari total batuan) menjadikan kali Maron sebagai situs yang sangat kaya. Keberadaan artefaknya yang belum pernah terusik, membuat peninjauan terhadap industri Maron cukup representatif dari segi statistik. Keberadaan alluvial dari artefak yang telah dijelaskan sebelumnya (transportasi jauh maupun dekat sebelum pengendapan) mengakibatkan juga proporsi-proporsi menjadi berarti, di mana situs kali Maron mencerminkan secara menyeluruh kegiatan eksploitasi artefak litik di daerah sekitarnya.Kali Maron is an archaeological site whose artifatcs are no longer insitu, because sedimentological analysis has proven that its lithic artifacts are the result of river sediment. The location of the Maron River which is very close to the sea (downstream), does not allow a clear geomorphology of the terraces: lithic artifacts are found on the river bed. However, the large amount of artifact content in the sediment (7, 7% of the total composition) makes the Maron river a very rich site. The existence of these artifacts that have never been disturbed makes the Maron industry quite representative from a statistical point of view. The alluvial matrix of the artefacts previously described (disctance of transportation before deposition) also means significant proportions, where the Maron river site fully reflects the exploitation of lithic artifacts in the surrounding area