Selection of a Realistic Viscous Vortex Tangential Velocity Profile for Computer Simulation of Vortex-Structure Interaction

Structure loading by vortices is a relevant phenomenon in numerous fields of engineering significance. Computer modelling is a powerful tool that can be used to study the loading produced on structures by impacting vortices. Realistic simulation of vortex-loading of structures necessitates the use of a realistic vortex tangential velocity profile (TVP). The present study compiles measured TVPs from various types of experimentally-produced vortices as well as real-world tornado and hurricane vortices. The measured TVPs are compared with commonly-used, analytical TVPs. Analytical TVPs that realistically represent the range of measured TVPs are identified and selected for use in future computer simulation studies

Oil Pulling - A Blessing in Disguise

Oil pulling is an ancient Ayurvedic remedy for oral health and detoxification. It involves the use of pure oils as agents to cleanse out harmful bacteria, as well as reduce fungal overgrowth. Oil pulling may also increase saponification in the mouth, creating a soapy environment that cleanses the mouth as vegetable fat is an emulsifier by nature. Most interesting is perhaps the ability of oil to help in cellular restructuring, and are related to the proper functioning of the lymph nodes and other internal organs. Apart from the various available scientific advancements in the medical field, there are age old traditional practices in Ayurvedic medicine which have to be encouraged. Oil pulling, which only requires one to swish oil in the mouth is known to cure many oral and systemic ailments. Though oil pulling is effective, none of the studies considered it as a replacement for the tooth brushing, but can definitely be a supplemental oral hygiene aid. This paper aims at throwing light on the various health benefits of this bygone practice

N-[(2-Hydr­oxy-1-naphthyl)(3-nitro­phenyl)meth­yl]acetamide

The title compound, C19H16N2O4, is of inter­est as a precursor to biologically active substituted quinolines and related compounds. The dihedral angle between the naphthalene ring system and the benzene ring is 81.9 (1)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by N—H⋯O inter­molecular hydrogen bonds, linking the mol­ecules into pairs around a center of symmetry. The crystal structure is further stabilized by inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which link the mol­ecules into chains running along a axis. An intra­molecular C—H⋯O short contact is also present

Agricultural bio-waste recycling through efficient microbial consortia

In India and other countries, rice straw, a byproduct of rice production, is burned in enormous amounts, which contributes to environmental pollution and climate change by releasing greenhouse gases viz., CO2, N2O, CH4, into the atmosphere. This study aimed to accelerate the degradation of this enormous amount of agricultural biomass via microbial inoculants. Four treatments—rice straw (RS), rice straw plus water (RSW), rice straw plus water plus Pusa decomposer (RSWF), and rice straw plus water plus Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU) biomineralizer (RSWB) were used in the current investigation. The study's findings demonstrated that rice straw treated with microorganisms decomposed more quickly than RS and RSW treatments. According to EDAX spectra of elemental composition, the carbon content of rice straw in the RS, RSW, RSWF, and RSWB treatments was 33.66%, 29.75%, 13.33%, and 20.65% w/w, respectively. The RSWF treatment of rice straw was found to have the highest nitrogen concentration (0.64% w/w), followed by RSWB (0.61% w/w), RSW (0.45%) w/w, and RS (0.43% w/w). Treatments RSWF and RSWB had lower C/N ratios 20.83, and 33.85, respectively, than that RSW (66.11) and RS (78.28). The RSWF and RSWB treatments' porous, distorted, and rough surface structures provided further evidence that both microbial consortia could decompose rice straw more quickly than the RSW and RS treatments. Therefore, the results of this study imply that rice straw could be added to the soil to improve soil fertility for sustainable crop production rather than being burned

[1-(3-Nitro­phen­yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-naphtho[1,2-e][1,3]oxazin-3-ylidine]malonaldehyde

The oxazine ring in the title compound, C21H14N2O5, adopts a flattened boat conformation. The nitro­phenyl ring and the naphthalene ring system enclose a dihedral angle of 89.2 (1)°. An intra­molecular hydrogen bond is formed between the NH group and one of the adjacent carbonyl O atoms. In addition, the NH group forms an inter­molecular hydrogen bond to a symmetry equivalent of this carbonyl O atom, connecting the mol­ecules into centrosymmetric dimers. The structure also contains C—H⋯O inter­molecular inter­actions

N-[(2-Hydr­oxy-5-methoxy­phen­yl)(3-nitro­phen­yl)meth­yl]acetamide

In the title compound, C16H16N2O5, the meth­oxy group is disordered with site occupancies of 0.20 (3) and 0.80 (3). The dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 73.7 (2)°. The crystal structure is characterized by intermolecular N—H⋯O, O—H⋯O, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π hydrogen bonds

N-[(2-Hydr­oxy-1-naphth­yl)(2-hydroxy­phen­yl)meth­yl]acetamide

In the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C19H17NO3, there are two crystallographically independent mol­ecules, which are connected to each other by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming mol­ecular chains as well as cyclic centrosymmetric R 2 2(16) dimers

Evidence for the existence of powder sub-populations in micronized materials : Aerodynamic size-fractions of aerosolized powders possess distinct physicochemical properties

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited.Purpose: To investigate the agglomeration behaviour of the fine ( 12.8 µm) particle fractions of salmeterol xinafoate (SX) and fluticasone propionate (FP) by isolating aerodynamic size fractions and characterising their physicochemical and re-dispersal properties. Methods: Aerodynamic fractionation was conducted using the Next Generation Impactor (NGI). Re-crystallized control particles, unfractionated and fractionated materials were characterized for particle size, morphology, crystallinity and surface energy. Re-dispersal of the particles was assessed using dry dispersion laser diffraction and NGI analysis. Results: Aerosolized SX and FP particles deposited in the NGI as agglomerates of consistent particle/agglomerate morphology. SX particles depositing on Stages 3 and 5 had higher total surface energy than unfractionated SX, with Stage 5 particles showing the greatest surface energy heterogeneity. FP fractions had comparable surface energy distributions and bulk crystallinity but differences in surface chemistry. SX fractions demonstrated higher bulk disorder than unfractionated and re-crystallized particles. Upon aerosolization, the fractions differed in their intrinsic emission and dispersion into a fine particle fraction (< 5.0 µm). Conclusions: Micronized powders consisted of sub-populations of particles displaying distinct physicochemical and powder dispersal properties compared to the unfractionated bulk material. This may have implications for the efficiency of inhaled drug deliveryPeer reviewe

Modern microwave methods in solid state inorganic materials chemistry: from fundamentals to manufacturing

No abstract available

Journeys to tuberculosis treatment: a qualitative study of patients, families and communities in Jogjakarta, Indonesia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Many tuberculosis (TB) patients in Indonesia are diagnosed late. We seek to document patient journeys toward TB diagnosis and treatment and factors that influence health care seeking behavior.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>TB patients in Jogjakarta municipality (urban) and Kulon Progo district (rural) were recruited from health care facilities participating in the DOTS strategy and health care facilities not participating in the DOTS strategy, using purposive sampling methods. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with TB patients and members of their family and through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) with community members.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In total, 67 TB patients and 22 family members were interviewed and 6 FGDs were performed. According to their care seeking behavior patients were categorized into National TB program's (NTP) dream cases (18%), 'slow-but-sure patients' (34%), 'shopaholics' (45%), and the NTP's nightmare case (3%). Care seeking behavior patterns did not seem to be influenced by gender, place of residence and educational level. Factors that influenced care seeking behavior include income and advice from household members or friends. Family members based their recommendation on previous experience and affordability. FGD results suggest that the majority of people in the urban area preferred the hospital or chest clinic for diagnosis and treatment of TB whereas in the rural area private practitioners were preferred. Knowledge about TB treatment being free of charge was better in the urban area. Many community members from the rural area doubted whether TB treatment would be available free of charge.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Most TB patients took over a month to reach a DOTS facility after symptoms appeared and had consulted a number of providers. Their income and advice from household members and friends were factors that influenced their care seeking behavior most.</p